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augtool.1
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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "AUGTOOL 1"
.TH AUGTOOL 1 "2022-10-24" "Augeas 1.13.0" "Augeas"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
augtool \- inspect and modify configuration files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
augtool [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1COMMAND\s0]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
Augeas is a configuration editing tool. It parses configuration files
in their native formats and transforms them into a tree. Configuration
changes are made by manipulating this tree and saving it back into
native config files.
.PP
augtool provides a command line interface to the generated tree. \s-1COMMAND\s0
can be a single command as described under \*(L"\s-1COMMANDS\*(R"\s0. When called with
no \s-1COMMAND,\s0 it reads commands from standard input until an end-of-file is
encountered.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP "\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-typecheck\fR" 4
.IX Item "-c, --typecheck"
Typecheck lenses. This can be very slow, and is therefore not done by
default, but is highly recommended during development.
.IP "\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-backup\fR" 4
.IX Item "-b, --backup"
When files are changed, preserve the originals in a file with extension
\&'.augsave'
.IP "\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\fR" 4
.IX Item "-n, --new"
Save changes in files with extension '.augnew', do not modify the original
files
.IP "\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR=\fI\s-1ROOT\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r, --root=ROOT"
Use directory \s-1ROOT\s0 as the root of the filesystem. Takes precedence over a
root set with the \s-1AUGEAS_ROOT\s0 environment variable.
.IP "\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-include\fR=\fI\s-1DIR\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-I, --include=DIR"
Add \s-1DIR\s0 to the module loadpath. Can be given multiple times. The
directories set here are searched before any directories specified in the
\&\s-1AUGEAS_LENS_LIB\s0 environment variable, and before the default directories
\&\fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses\fR and \fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist\fR.
.IP "\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-transform\fR=\fI\s-1XFM\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-t, --transform=XFM"
Add a file transform; uses the 'transform' command syntax,
e.g. \f(CW\*(C`\-t \*(AqFstab incl /etc/fstab.bak\*(Aq\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-load\-file\fR=\fI\s-1FILE\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l, --load-file=FILE"
Load an individual \s-1FILE\s0 into the tree. The lens to use is determined
automatically (based on autoload information in the lenses) and will be the
same that is used for this file when the entire tree is loaded. The option
can be specified multiple times to load several files, e.g. \f(CW\*(C`\-l /etc/fstab
\&\-l /etc/hosts\*(C'\fR. This lens implies \f(CW\*(C`\-\-noload\*(C'\fR so that only the files
specified with this option will be loaded.
.IP "\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fI\s-1FILE\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-f, --file=FILE"
Read commands from \s-1FILE.\s0
.IP "\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR" 4
.IX Item "-i, --interactive"
Read commands from the terminal. When combined with \fB\-f\fR or redirection of
stdin, drop into an interactive session after executing the commands from
the file.
.IP "\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-echo\fR" 4
.IX Item "-e, --echo"
When reading commands from a file via stdin, echo the commands before
printing their output.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-autosave\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s, --autosave"
Automatically save all changes at the end of the session.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-nostdinc\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S, --nostdinc"
Do not search any of the default directories for modules. When this option
is set, only directories specified explicitly with \fB\-I\fR or specified in
\&\fB\s-1AUGEAS_LENS_LIB\s0\fR will be searched for modules.
.IP "\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-noload\fR" 4
.IX Item "-L, --noload"
Do not load any files on startup. This is generally used to fine-tune which
files to load by modifying the entries in \f(CW\*(C`/augeas/load\*(C'\fR and then issuing
a \f(CW\*(C`load\*(C'\fR command.
.IP "\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-noautoload\fR" 4
.IX Item "-A, --noautoload"
Do not load any lens modules, and therefore no files, on startup. This
creates no entries under \f(CW\*(C`/augeas/load\*(C'\fR whatsoever; to read any files,
they need to be set up manually and loading must be initiated with a
\&\f(CW\*(C`load\*(C'\fR command. Using this option gives the fastest startup.
.IP "\fB\-\-span\fR" 4
.IX Item "--span"
Load span positions for nodes in the tree, as they relate to the original
file. Enables the use of the \fBspan\fR command to retrieve position data.
.IP "\fB\-\-timing\fR" 4
.IX Item "--timing"
After executing each command, print how long, in milliseconds, executing
the command took. This makes it easier to spot slow queries, usually
through \fBmatch\fR commands, and allows exploring alternative queries that
yield the same result but might be faster.
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
Print version information and exit. The version is also in the tree under
\&\f(CW\*(C`/augeas/version\*(C'\fR.
.SH "COMMANDS"
.IX Header "COMMANDS"
In interactive mode, commands and paths can be completed by pressing \f(CW\*(C`TAB\*(C'\fR.
.PP
The paths accepted as arguments by commands use a small subset of XPath
path expressions. A path expression consists of a number of segments,
separated by \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR. In each segment, the character \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR can be used to match
every node regardless of its label. Sibling nodes with identical labels can
be distinguished by appending \f(CW\*(C`[N]\*(C'\fR to their label to match the N\-th
sibling with such a label. The last sibling with a specific label can be
reached as \f(CW\*(C`[last()]\*(C'\fR. See \*(L"\s-1EXAMPLES\*(R"\s0 for some examples of this.
.SS "\s-1ADMIN COMMANDS\s0"
.IX Subsection "ADMIN COMMANDS"
The following commands control the behavior of Augeas and augtool itself.
.IP "\fBhelp\fR" 4
.IX Item "help"
Print this help text
.IP "\fBload\fR" 4
.IX Item "load"
Load files according to the transforms in \f(CW\*(C`/augeas/load\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fBquit\fR" 4
.IX Item "quit"
Exit the program
.IP "\fBretrieve\fR <\s-1LENS\s0> <\s-1NODE_IN\s0> <\s-1PATH\s0> <\s-1NODE_OUT\s0>" 4
.IX Item "retrieve <LENS> <NODE_IN> <PATH> <NODE_OUT>"
Transform tree at \s-1PATH\s0 back into text using lens \s-1LENS\s0 and store the
resulting string at \s-1NODE_OUT.\s0 Assume that the tree was initially read in
with the same lens and the string stored at \s-1NODE_IN\s0 as input.
.IP "\fBsave\fR" 4
.IX Item "save"
Save all pending changes to disk. Unless either the \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-n\fR
command line options are given, files are changed in place.
.IP "\fBstore\fR <\s-1LENS\s0> <\s-1NODE\s0> <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "store <LENS> <NODE> <PATH>"
Parse \s-1NODE\s0 using \s-1LENS\s0 and store the resulting tree at \s-1PATH.\s0
.IP "\fBtransform\fR <\s-1LENS\s0> <\s-1FILTER\s0> <\s-1FILE\s0>" 4
.IX Item "transform <LENS> <FILTER> <FILE>"
Add a transform for \s-1FILE\s0 using \s-1LENS.\s0 The \s-1LENS\s0 may be a module name or a
full lens name. If a module name is given, then \*(L"lns\*(R" will be the lens
assumed. The \s-1FILTER\s0 must be either \*(L"incl\*(R" or \*(L"excl\*(R". If the filter is
\&\*(L"incl\*(R", the \s-1FILE\s0 will be parsed by the \s-1LENS.\s0 If the filter is \*(L"excl\*(R",
the \s-1FILE\s0 will be excluded from the \s-1LENS. FILE\s0 may contain wildcards.
.IP "\fBload-file\fR <\s-1FILE\s0>" 4
.IX Item "load-file <FILE>"
Load a specific \s-1FILE,\s0 automatically determining the proper lens from the
information in \fI/augeas/load\fR; without further intervention, the lens that
would oridnarily be used for this file will be used.
.SS "\s-1READ COMMANDS\s0"
.IX Subsection "READ COMMANDS"
The following commands are used to retrieve data from the Augeas tree.
.IP "\fBdump-xml\fR \fI[<\s-1PATH\s0>]\fR" 4
.IX Item "dump-xml [<PATH>]"
Print entries in the tree as \s-1XML.\s0 If \s-1PATH\s0 is given, printing starts there,
otherwise the whole tree is printed.
.IP "\fBget\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "get <PATH>"
Print the value associated with \s-1PATH\s0
.IP "\fBlabel\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "label <PATH>"
Get and print the label associated with \s-1PATH\s0
.IP "\fBls\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "ls <PATH>"
List the direct children of \s-1PATH\s0
.IP "\fBmatch\fR <\s-1PATTERN\s0> [<\s-1VALUE\s0>]" 4
.IX Item "match <PATTERN> [<VALUE>]"
Find all paths that match \s-1PATTERN.\s0 If \s-1VALUE\s0 is given, only the matching
paths whose value equals \s-1VALUE\s0 are printed
.IP "\fBprint\fR \fI[<\s-1PATH\s0>]\fR" 4
.IX Item "print [<PATH>]"
Print entries in the tree. If \s-1PATH\s0 is given, printing starts there,
otherwise the whole tree is printed
.IP "\fBspan\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "span <PATH>"
Print the name of the file from which the node \s-1PATH\s0 was generated, as well
as information about the positions in the file corresponding to the label,
the value, and the entire node. \s-1PATH\s0 must match exactly one node.
.Sp
You need to run 'set /augeas/span enable' prior to loading files to enable
recording of span information. It is disabled by default.
.SS "\s-1WRITE COMMANDS\s0"
.IX Subsection "WRITE COMMANDS"
The following commands are used to modify the Augeas tree.
.IP "\fBclear\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "clear <PATH>"
Set the value for \s-1PATH\s0 to \s-1NULL.\s0 If \s-1PATH\s0 is not in the tree yet, it and all
its ancestors will be created.
.IP "\fBclearm\fR <\s-1BASE\s0> <\s-1SUB\s0>" 4
.IX Item "clearm <BASE> <SUB>"
Clear multiple nodes values in one operation. Find or create a node matching \s-1SUB\s0
by interpreting \s-1SUB\s0 as a path expression relative to each node matching
\&\s-1BASE.\s0 If \s-1SUB\s0 is '.', the nodes matching \s-1BASE\s0 will be modified.
.IP "\fBins\fR \fI<\s-1LABEL\s0>\fR \fI<\s-1WHERE\s0>\fR \fI<\s-1PATH\s0>\fR" 4
.IX Item "ins <LABEL> <WHERE> <PATH>"
Insert a new node with label \s-1LABEL\s0 right before or after \s-1PATH\s0 into the
tree. \s-1WHERE\s0 must be either 'before' or 'after'.
.IP "\fBinsert\fR \fI<\s-1LABEL\s0>\fR \fI<\s-1WHERE\s0>\fR \fI<\s-1PATH\s0>\fR" 4
.IX Item "insert <LABEL> <WHERE> <PATH>"
Alias of \fBins\fR.
.IP "\fBmv\fR <\s-1SRC\s0> <\s-1DST\s0>" 4
.IX Item "mv <SRC> <DST>"
Move node \s-1SRC\s0 to \s-1DST. SRC\s0 must match exactly one node in the tree. \s-1DST\s0
must either match exactly one node in the tree, or may not exist yet. If
\&\s-1DST\s0 exists already, it and all its descendants are deleted. If \s-1DST\s0 does not
exist yet, it and all its missing ancestors are created.
.IP "\fBmove\fR <\s-1SRC\s0> <\s-1DST\s0>" 4
.IX Item "move <SRC> <DST>"
Alias of \fBmv\fR.
.IP "\fBcp\fR <\s-1SRC\s0> <\s-1DST\s0>" 4
.IX Item "cp <SRC> <DST>"
Copy node \s-1SRC\s0 to \s-1DST. SRC\s0 must match exactly one node in the tree. \s-1DST\s0
must either match exactly one node in the tree, or may not exist yet. If
\&\s-1DST\s0 exists already, it and all its descendants are deleted. If \s-1DST\s0 does not
exist yet, it and all its missing ancestors are created.
.IP "\fBcopy\fR <\s-1SRC\s0> <\s-1DST\s0>" 4
.IX Item "copy <SRC> <DST>"
Alias of \fBcp\fR.
.IP "\fBrename\fR <\s-1SRC\s0> <\s-1LBL\s0>" 4
.IX Item "rename <SRC> <LBL>"
Rename the label of all nodes matching \s-1SRC\s0 to \s-1LBL.\s0
.IP "\fBrm\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "rm <PATH>"
Delete \s-1PATH\s0 and all its children from the tree
.IP "\fBset\fR <\s-1PATH\s0> <\s-1VALUE\s0>" 4
.IX Item "set <PATH> <VALUE>"
Associate \s-1VALUE\s0 with \s-1PATH.\s0 If \s-1PATH\s0 is not in the tree yet,
it and all its ancestors will be created.
.IP "\fBsetm\fR <\s-1BASE\s0> <\s-1SUB\s0> [<\s-1VALUE\s0>]" 4
.IX Item "setm <BASE> <SUB> [<VALUE>]"
Set multiple nodes in one operation. Find or create a node matching \s-1SUB\s0 by
interpreting \s-1SUB\s0 as a path expression relative to each node matching
\&\s-1BASE.\s0 If \s-1SUB\s0 is '.', the nodes matching \s-1BASE\s0 will be modified.
.IP "\fBtouch\fR <\s-1PATH\s0>" 4
.IX Item "touch <PATH>"
Create \s-1PATH\s0 with the value \s-1NULL\s0 if it is not in the tree yet. All its
ancestors will also be created. These new tree entries will appear
last amongst their siblings.
.SS "\s-1PATH EXPRESSION COMMANDS\s0"
.IX Subsection "PATH EXPRESSION COMMANDS"
The following commands help when working with path expressions.
.IP "\fBdefnode\fR <\s-1NAME\s0> <\s-1EXPR\s0> [<\s-1VALUE\s0>]" 4
.IX Item "defnode <NAME> <EXPR> [<VALUE>]"
Define the variable \s-1NAME\s0 to the result of evaluating \s-1EXPR,\s0 which must be a
nodeset. If no node matching \s-1EXPR\s0 exists yet, one is created and \s-1NAME\s0 will
refer to it. If \s-1VALUE\s0 is given, this is the same as 'set \s-1EXPR VALUE\s0'; if
\&\s-1VALUE\s0 is not given, the node is created as if with 'clear \s-1EXPR\s0' would and
\&\s-1NAME\s0 refers to that node.
.IP "\fBdefvar\fR <\s-1NAME\s0> <\s-1EXPR\s0>" 4
.IX Item "defvar <NAME> <EXPR>"
Define the variable \s-1NAME\s0 to the result of evaluating \s-1EXPR.\s0 The variable
can be used in path expressions as \f(CW$NAME\fR. Note that \s-1EXPR\s0 is evaluated when
the variable is defined, not when it is used.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
.IP "\fB\s-1AUGEAS_ROOT\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "AUGEAS_ROOT"
The file system root, defaults to '/'. Can be overridden with
the \fB\-r\fR command line option
.IP "\fB\s-1AUGEAS_LENS_LIB\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "AUGEAS_LENS_LIB"
Colon separated list of directories with lenses. Directories specified here
are searched after any directories set with the \fB\-I\fR command line option,
but before the default directories \fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses\fR and
\&\fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist\fR
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS"
Normally, exit status is 0. If one or more commands fail, the exit status
is set to a non-zero value.
.PP
Note though that failure to load some of the files specified by transforms
in \f(CW\*(C`/augeas/load\*(C'\fR is not considered a failure. If it is important to know
that all files were loaded, you need to issue a \f(CW\*(C`match /augeas//error\*(C'\fR
after loading to find out details about what files could not be loaded and
why.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
.Vb 2
\& # command line mode
\& augtool print /files/etc/hosts/
\&
\& # interactive mode
\& augtool
\& augtool> help
\& augtool> print /files/etc/hosts/
\&
\& # Print the third entry from the second AcceptEnv line
\& augtool print \*(Aq/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[2]/3\*(Aq
\&
\& # Find the entry in inittab with action \*(Aqinitdefault\*(Aq
\& augtool> match /files/etc/inittab/*/action initdefault
\&
\& # Print the last alias for each entry in /etc/hosts
\& augtool> print /files/etc/hosts/*/alias[last()]
.Ve
.SH "FILES"
.IX Header "FILES"
Lenses and schema definitions in \fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses\fR and
\&\fI/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist\fR
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
David Lutterkort <[email protected]>
.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
Copyright 2007\-2016 David Lutterkort
.PP
Augeas (and augtool) are distributed under the \s-1GNU\s0 Lesser General Public
License (\s-1LGPL\s0)
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBAugeas\fR project homepage <http://www.augeas.net/>
.PP
\&\fBAugeas\fR path expressions <https://github.com/hercules\-team/augeas/wiki/Path\-expressions>
.PP
augparse
.PP
augprint