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title actions requireLogin material
Web3.js入門
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index.html zombieownership.sol zombieattack.sol zombiehelper.sol zombiefeeding.sol zombiefactory.sol ownable.sol safemath.sol erc721.sol
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>CryptoZombies front-end</title> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- web3.jsをここで取り入れること --> </head> <body> </body> </html>
pragma solidity ^0.4.19; import "./zombieattack.sol"; import "./erc721.sol"; import "./safemath.sol"; contract ZombieOwnership is ZombieAttack, ERC721 { using SafeMath for uint256; mapping (uint => address) zombieApprovals; function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 _balance) { return ownerZombieCount[_owner]; } function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) public view returns (address _owner) { return zombieToOwner[_tokenId]; } function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId) private { ownerZombieCount[_to] = ownerZombieCount[_to].add(1); ownerZombieCount[msg.sender] = ownerZombieCount[msg.sender].sub(1); zombieToOwner[_tokenId] = _to; Transfer(_from, _to, _tokenId); } function transfer(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) public onlyOwnerOf(_tokenId) { _transfer(msg.sender, _to, _tokenId); } function approve(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) public onlyOwnerOf(_tokenId) { zombieApprovals[_tokenId] = _to; Approval(msg.sender, _to, _tokenId); } function takeOwnership(uint256 _tokenId) public { require(zombieApprovals[_tokenId] == msg.sender); address owner = ownerOf(_tokenId); _transfer(owner, msg.sender, _tokenId); } }
pragma solidity ^0.4.19; import "./zombiehelper.sol"; contract ZombieAttack is ZombieHelper { uint randNonce = 0; uint attackVictoryProbability = 70; function randMod(uint _modulus) internal returns(uint) { randNonce++; return uint(keccak256(now, msg.sender, randNonce)) % _modulus; } function attack(uint _zombieId, uint _targetId) external onlyOwnerOf(_zombieId) { Zombie storage myZombie = zombies[_zombieId]; Zombie storage enemyZombie = zombies[_targetId]; uint rand = randMod(100); if (rand <= attackVictoryProbability) { myZombie.winCount++; myZombie.level++; enemyZombie.lossCount++; feedAndMultiply(_zombieId, enemyZombie.dna, "zombie"); } else { myZombie.lossCount++; enemyZombie.winCount++; _triggerCooldown(myZombie); } } }
pragma solidity ^0.4.19; import "./zombiefeeding.sol"; contract ZombieHelper is ZombieFeeding { uint levelUpFee = 0.001 ether; modifier aboveLevel(uint _level, uint _zombieId) { require(zombies[_zombieId].level >= _level); _; } function withdraw() external onlyOwner { owner.transfer(this.balance); } function setLevelUpFee(uint _fee) external onlyOwner { levelUpFee = _fee; } function levelUp(uint _zombieId) external payable { require(msg.value == levelUpFee); zombies[_zombieId].level++; } function changeName(uint _zombieId, string _newName) external aboveLevel(2, _zombieId) onlyOwnerOf(_zombieId) { zombies[_zombieId].name = _newName; } function changeDna(uint _zombieId, uint _newDna) external aboveLevel(20, _zombieId) onlyOwnerOf(_zombieId) { zombies[_zombieId].dna = _newDna; } function getZombiesByOwner(address _owner) external view returns(uint[]) { uint[] memory result = new uint[](ownerZombieCount[_owner]); uint counter = 0; for (uint i = 0; i < zombies.length; i++) { if (zombieToOwner[i] == _owner) { result[counter] = i; counter++; } } return result; } }
pragma solidity ^0.4.19; import "./zombiefactory.sol"; contract KittyInterface { function getKitty(uint256 _id) external view returns ( bool isGestating, bool isReady, uint256 cooldownIndex, uint256 nextActionAt, uint256 siringWithId, uint256 birthTime, uint256 matronId, uint256 sireId, uint256 generation, uint256 genes ); } contract ZombieFeeding is ZombieFactory { KittyInterface kittyContract; modifier onlyOwnerOf(uint _zombieId) { require(msg.sender == zombieToOwner[_zombieId]); _; } function setKittyContractAddress(address _address) external onlyOwner { kittyContract = KittyInterface(_address); } function _triggerCooldown(Zombie storage _zombie) internal { _zombie.readyTime = uint32(now + cooldownTime); } function _isReady(Zombie storage _zombie) internal view returns (bool) { return (_zombie.readyTime <= now); } function feedAndMultiply(uint _zombieId, uint _targetDna, string _species) internal onlyOwnerOf(_zombieId) { Zombie storage myZombie = zombies[_zombieId]; require(_isReady(myZombie)); _targetDna = _targetDna % dnaModulus; uint newDna = (myZombie.dna + _targetDna) / 2; if (keccak256(_species) == keccak256("kitty")) { newDna = newDna - newDna % 100 + 99; } _createZombie("NoName", newDna); _triggerCooldown(myZombie); } function feedOnKitty(uint _zombieId, uint _kittyId) public { uint kittyDna; (,,,,,,,,,kittyDna) = kittyContract.getKitty(_kittyId); feedAndMultiply(_zombieId, kittyDna, "kitty"); } }
pragma solidity ^0.4.19; import "./ownable.sol"; import "./safemath.sol"; contract ZombieFactory is Ownable { using SafeMath for uint256; event NewZombie(uint zombieId, string name, uint dna); uint dnaDigits = 16; uint dnaModulus = 10 ** dnaDigits; uint cooldownTime = 1 days; struct Zombie { string name; uint dna; uint32 level; uint32 readyTime; uint16 winCount; uint16 lossCount; } Zombie[] public zombies; mapping (uint => address) public zombieToOwner; mapping (address => uint) ownerZombieCount; function _createZombie(string _name, uint _dna) internal { uint id = zombies.push(Zombie(_name, _dna, 1, uint32(now + cooldownTime), 0, 0)) - 1; zombieToOwner[id] = msg.sender; ownerZombieCount[msg.sender]++; NewZombie(id, _name, _dna); } function _generateRandomDna(string _str) private view returns (uint) { uint rand = uint(keccak256(_str)); return rand % dnaModulus; } function createRandomZombie(string _name) public { require(ownerZombieCount[msg.sender] == 0); uint randDna = _generateRandomDna(_name); randDna = randDna - randDna % 100; _createZombie(_name, randDna); } }
/** * @title Ownable * @dev The Ownable contract has an owner address, and provides basic authorization control * functions, this simplifies the implementation of "user permissions". */ contract Ownable { address public owner; event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner); /** * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender * account. */ function Ownable() public { owner = msg.sender; } /** * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner. */ modifier onlyOwner() { require(msg.sender == owner); _; } /** * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner. * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to. */ function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner { require(newOwner != address(0)); OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner); owner = newOwner; } }
pragma solidity ^0.4.18; /** * @title SafeMath * @dev Math operations with safety checks that throw on error */ library SafeMath { /** * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow. */ function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { if (a == 0) { return 0; } uint256 c = a * b; assert(c / a == b); return c; } /** * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient. */ function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0 uint256 c = a / b; // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold return c; } /** * @dev Subtracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend). */ function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { assert(b <= a); return a - b; } /** * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow. */ function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { uint256 c = a + b; assert(c >= a); return c; } }
contract ERC721 { event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _tokenId); event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _approved, uint256 _tokenId); function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 _balance); function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) public view returns (address _owner); function transfer(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) public; function approve(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) public; function takeOwnership(uint256 _tokenId) public; }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>CryptoZombies front-end</title> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="web3.min.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html>

レッスン5が終わり、我らがゾンビDAppも完成した。 今度はユーザーがDAppとやり取りできるベーシックなウェブページを作っていこう。

その際Ethereum FoundationのJavaScriptライブラリ Web3.js を使っていく。

Web3.jsとは?

イーサリアムのネットワークは、ブロックチェーンのコピーをそれぞれ持ったノードで構成されていることを思い出すのだ。スマートコントラクトの関数を呼び出したい時、これらノードのどれか一つをクエリする必要がある:

  1. スマートコントラクトのアドレス
  2. 呼び出したい関数。そして、
  3. その関数に渡したい変数

イーサリアムのノードは、人間が読むことができない JSON-RPC という言語でのみ会話する。コントラクトの関数を呼び出したいとノードに伝えるクエリはこんな感じのものだ:

// うむ...関数呼び出しは全てこうやって書くのだ、頑張れ!
// 右にスクロール ==>
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendTransaction","params":[{"from":"0xb60e8dd61c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f07233155","to":"0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f07244567","gas":"0x76c0","gasPrice":"0x9184e72a000","value":"0x9184e72a","data":"0xd46e8dd67c5d32be8d46e8dd67c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f072445675058bb8eb970870f072445675"}],"id":1}

幸運にもWeb3.jsはサーフェイスの下にこの面倒なクエリを隠してくれるから、便利で読みやすいJavaScriptインターフェイスとやり取りするだけで良い。

上のクエリを構成する代わりに、コード中で関数を呼び出すのはこんな感じになる:

CryptoZombies.methods.createRandomZombie("Vitalik Nakamoto 🤔")
  .send({ from: "0xb60e8dd61c5d32be8058bb8eb970870f07233155", gas: "3000000" })

これからいくつかのチャプターで詳しいシンタックスを説明していくが、まずはWeb3.jsのセットアップを行おう。

さあスタートだ

ワークフローに応じて、ほとんどのパッケージツールを使用してWeb3.jsをプロジェクトに追加することができる:

// NPMを使用
npm install web3

// Yarnを使用
yarn add web3

// Bowerを使用
bower install web3

// などなど・・・。

もしくはシンプルに縮小された.jsファイルをgithubからダウンロードして、こんな風にプロジェクトに含めることも可能だ:

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="web3.min.js"></script>

開発環境や使用するパッケージマネージャーについてあまりに多くの想定をしなくていいよう、このチュートリアルでは上のようにscriptタグを使用してプロジェクトにWeb3を含めるだけにしていこう。

さあテストだ

お主のためにindex.htmlというHTMLプロジェクトのシェルを作っておいた。web3.min.jsのコピーがindex.htmlと同じフォルダにあるとしよう。

  1. 上のscriptタグを我々のプロジェクトにコピー&ペーストして、web3.jsが使えるようせよ。