lguest_user.c

/*P:200 This contains all the /dev/lguest code, whereby the userspace
 * launcher controls and communicates with the Guest.  For example,
 * the first write will tell us the Guest's memory layout and entry
 * point.  A read will run the Guest until something happens, such as
 * a signal or the Guest accessing a device.
:*/
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include "lg.h"

/*L:052
  The Launcher can get the registers, and also set some of them.
*/
static int getreg_setup(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
{
	unsigned long which;

	/* We re-use the ptrace structure to specify which register to read. */
	if (get_user(which, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;

	/*
	 * We set up the cpu register pointer, and their next read will
	 * actually get the value (instead of running the guest).
	 *
	 * The last argument 'true' says we can access any register.
	 */
	cpu->reg_read = lguest_arch_regptr(cpu, which, true);
	if (!cpu->reg_read)
		return -ENOENT;

	/* And because this is a write() call, we return the length used. */
	return sizeof(unsigned long) * 2;
}

static int setreg(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
{
	unsigned long which, value, *reg;

	/* We re-use the ptrace structure to specify which register to read. */
	if (get_user(which, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;
	input++;
	if (get_user(value, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;

	/* The last argument 'false' means we can't access all registers. */
	reg = lguest_arch_regptr(cpu, which, false);
	if (!reg)
		return -ENOENT;

	*reg = value;

	/* And because this is a write() call, we return the length used. */
	return sizeof(unsigned long) * 3;
}

/*L:050
 * Sending an interrupt is done by writing LHREQ_IRQ and an interrupt
 * number to /dev/lguest.
 */
static int user_send_irq(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
{
	unsigned long irq;

	if (get_user(irq, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;
	if (irq >= LGUEST_IRQS)
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * Next time the Guest runs, the core code will see if it can deliver
	 * this interrupt.
	 */
	set_interrupt(cpu, irq);
	return 0;
}

/*L:053
 * Deliver a trap: this is used by the Launcher if it can't emulate
 * an instruction.
 */
static int trap(struct lg_cpu *cpu, const unsigned long __user *input)
{
	unsigned long trapnum;

	if (get_user(trapnum, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;

	if (!deliver_trap(cpu, trapnum))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
}

/*L:040
 * Once our Guest is initialized, the Launcher makes it run by reading
 * from /dev/lguest.
 */
static ssize_t read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t*o)
{
	struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
	struct lg_cpu *cpu;
	unsigned int cpu_id = *o;

	/* You must write LHREQ_INITIALIZE first! */
	if (!lg)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Watch out for arbitrary vcpu indexes! */
	if (cpu_id >= lg->nr_cpus)
		return -EINVAL;

	cpu = &lg->cpus[cpu_id];

	/* If you're not the task which owns the Guest, go away. */
	if (current != cpu->tsk)
		return -EPERM;

	/* If the Guest is already dead, we indicate why */
	if (lg->dead) {
		size_t len;

		/* lg->dead either contains an error code, or a string. */
		if (IS_ERR(lg->dead))
			return PTR_ERR(lg->dead);

		/* We can only return as much as the buffer they read with. */
		len = min(size, strlen(lg->dead)+1);
		if (copy_to_user(user, lg->dead, len) != 0)
			return -EFAULT;
		return len;
	}

	/*
	 * If we returned from read() last time because the Guest sent I/O,
	 * clear the flag.
	 */
	if (cpu->pending.trap)
		cpu->pending.trap = 0;

	/* Run the Guest until something interesting happens. */
	return run_guest(cpu, (unsigned long __user *)user);
}

/*L:025
 * This actually initializes a CPU.  For the moment, a Guest is only
 * uniprocessor, so "id" is always 0.
 */
static int lg_cpu_start(struct lg_cpu *cpu, unsigned id, unsigned long start_ip)
{
	/* We have a limited number of CPUs in the lguest struct. */
	if (id >= ARRAY_SIZE(cpu->lg->cpus))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Set up this CPU's id, and pointer back to the lguest struct. */
	cpu->id = id;
	cpu->lg = container_of(cpu, struct lguest, cpus[id]);
	cpu->lg->nr_cpus++;

	/* Each CPU has a timer it can set. */
	init_clockdev(cpu);

	/*
	 * We need a complete page for the Guest registers: they are accessible
	 * to the Guest and we can only grant it access to whole pages.
	 */
	cpu->regs_page = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!cpu->regs_page)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* We actually put the registers at the end of the page. */
	cpu->regs = (void *)cpu->regs_page + PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(*cpu->regs);

	/*
	 * Now we initialize the Guest's registers, handing it the start
	 * address.
	 */
	lguest_arch_setup_regs(cpu, start_ip);

	/*
	 * We keep a pointer to the Launcher task (ie. current task) for when
	 * other Guests want to wake this one (eg. console input).
	 */
	cpu->tsk = current;

	/*
	 * We need to keep a pointer to the Launcher's memory map, because if
	 * the Launcher dies we need to clean it up.  If we don't keep a
	 * reference, it is destroyed before close() is called.
	 */
	cpu->mm = get_task_mm(cpu->tsk);

	/*
	 * We remember which CPU's pages this Guest used last, for optimization
	 * when the same Guest runs on the same CPU twice.
	 */
	cpu->last_pages = NULL;

	/* No error == success. */
	return 0;
}

/*L:020
 * The initialization write supplies 3 pointer sized (32 or 64 bit) values (in
 * addition to the LHREQ_INITIALIZE value).  These are:
 *
 * base: The start of the Guest-physical memory inside the Launcher memory.
 *
 * pfnlimit: The highest (Guest-physical) page number the Guest should be
 * allowed to access.  The Guest memory lives inside the Launcher, so it sets
 * this to ensure the Guest can only reach its own memory.
 *
 * start: The first instruction to execute ("eip" in x86-speak).
 */
static int initialize(struct file *file, const unsigned long __user *input)
{
	/* "struct lguest" contains all we (the Host) know about a Guest. */
	struct lguest *lg;
	int err;
	unsigned long args[4];

	/*
	 * We grab the Big Lguest lock, which protects against multiple
	 * simultaneous initializations.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);
	/* You can't initialize twice!  Close the device and start again... */
	if (file->private_data) {
		err = -EBUSY;
		goto unlock;
	}

	if (copy_from_user(args, input, sizeof(args)) != 0) {
		err = -EFAULT;
		goto unlock;
	}

	lg = kzalloc(sizeof(*lg), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!lg) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		goto unlock;
	}

	/* Populate the easy fields of our "struct lguest" */
	lg->mem_base = (void __user *)args[0];
	lg->pfn_limit = args[1];
	lg->device_limit = args[3];

	/* This is the first cpu (cpu 0) and it will start booting at args[2] */
	err = lg_cpu_start(&lg->cpus[0], 0, args[2]);
	if (err)
		goto free_lg;

	/*
	 * Initialize the Guest's shadow page tables.  This allocates
	 * memory, so can fail.
	 */
	err = init_guest_pagetable(lg);
	if (err)
		goto free_regs;

	/* We keep our "struct lguest" in the file's private_data. */
	file->private_data = lg;

	mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);

	/* And because this is a write() call, we return the length used. */
	return sizeof(args);

free_regs:
	/* FIXME: This should be in free_vcpu */
	free_page(lg->cpus[0].regs_page);
free_lg:
	kfree(lg);
unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);
	return err;
}

/*L:010
 * The first operation the Launcher does must be a write.  All writes
 * start with an unsigned long number: for the first write this must be
 * LHREQ_INITIALIZE to set up the Guest.  After that the Launcher can use
 * writes of other values to send interrupts or set up receipt of notifications.
 *
 * Note that we overload the "offset" in the /dev/lguest file to indicate what
 * CPU number we're dealing with.  Currently this is always 0 since we only
 * support uniprocessor Guests, but you can see the beginnings of SMP support
 * here.
 */
static ssize_t write(struct file *file, const char __user *in,
		     size_t size, loff_t *off)
{
	/*
	 * Once the Guest is initialized, we hold the "struct lguest" in the
	 * file private data.
	 */
	struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
	const unsigned long __user *input = (const unsigned long __user *)in;
	unsigned long req;
	struct lg_cpu *uninitialized_var(cpu);
	unsigned int cpu_id = *off;

	/* The first value tells us what this request is. */
	if (get_user(req, input) != 0)
		return -EFAULT;
	input++;

	/* If you haven't initialized, you must do that first. */
	if (req != LHREQ_INITIALIZE) {
		if (!lg || (cpu_id >= lg->nr_cpus))
			return -EINVAL;
		cpu = &lg->cpus[cpu_id];

		/* Once the Guest is dead, you can only read() why it died. */
		if (lg->dead)
			return -ENOENT;
	}

	switch (req) {
	case LHREQ_INITIALIZE:
		return initialize(file, input);
	case LHREQ_IRQ:
		return user_send_irq(cpu, input);
	case LHREQ_GETREG:
		return getreg_setup(cpu, input);
	case LHREQ_SETREG:
		return setreg(cpu, input);
	case LHREQ_TRAP:
		return trap(cpu, input);
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}
}

static int open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	file->private_data = NULL;

	return 0;
}

/*L:060
 * The final piece of interface code is the close() routine.  It reverses
 * everything done in initialize().  This is usually called because the
 * Launcher exited.
 *
 * Note that the close routine returns 0 or a negative error number: it can't
 * really fail, but it can whine.  I blame Sun for this wart, and K&R C for
 * letting them do it.
:*/
static int close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	struct lguest *lg = file->private_data;
	unsigned int i;

	/* If we never successfully initialized, there's nothing to clean up */
	if (!lg)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We need the big lock, to protect from inter-guest I/O and other
	 * Launchers initializing guests.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&lguest_lock);

	/* Free up the shadow page tables for the Guest. */
	free_guest_pagetable(lg);

	for (i = 0; i < lg->nr_cpus; i++) {
		/* Cancels the hrtimer set via LHCALL_SET_CLOCKEVENT. */
		hrtimer_cancel(&lg->cpus[i].hrt);
		/* We can free up the register page we allocated. */
		free_page(lg->cpus[i].regs_page);
		/*
		 * Now all the memory cleanups are done, it's safe to release
		 * the Launcher's memory management structure.
		 */
		mmput(lg->cpus[i].mm);
	}

	/*
	 * If lg->dead doesn't contain an error code it will be NULL or a
	 * kmalloc()ed string, either of which is ok to hand to kfree().
	 */
	if (!IS_ERR(lg->dead))
		kfree(lg->dead);
	/* Free the memory allocated to the lguest_struct */
	kfree(lg);
	/* Release lock and exit. */
	mutex_unlock(&lguest_lock);

	return 0;
}

/*L:000
 * Welcome to our journey through the Launcher!
 *
 * The Launcher is the Host userspace program which sets up, runs and services
 * the Guest.  In fact, many comments in the Drivers which refer to "the Host"
 * doing things are inaccurate: the Launcher does all the device handling for
 * the Guest, but the Guest can't know that.
 *
 * Just to confuse you: to the Host kernel, the Launcher *is* the Guest and we
 * shall see more of that later.
 *
 * We begin our understanding with the Host kernel interface which the Launcher
 * uses: reading and writing a character device called /dev/lguest.  All the
 * work happens in the read(), write() and close() routines:
 */
static const struct file_operations lguest_fops = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open	 = open,
	.release = close,
	.write	 = write,
	.read	 = read,
	.llseek  = default_llseek,
};
/*:*/

/*
 * This is a textbook example of a "misc" character device.  Populate a "struct
 * miscdevice" and register it with misc_register().
 */
static struct miscdevice lguest_dev = {
	.minor	= MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
	.name	= "lguest",
	.fops	= &lguest_fops,
};

int __init lguest_device_init(void)
{
	return misc_register(&lguest_dev);
}

void __exit lguest_device_remove(void)
{
	misc_deregister(&lguest_dev);
}