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pd2ppc.py
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pd2ppc.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2016-2023 by University of Kassel and Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics
# and Energy System Technology (IEE), Kassel. All rights reserved.
import numpy as np
import pandapower.auxiliary as aux
from pandapower.build_branch import _switch_branches, _branches_with_oos_buses, \
_build_branch_ppc, _build_tcsc_ppc
from pandapower.build_bus import _build_bus_ppc, _calc_pq_elements_and_add_on_ppc, \
_calc_shunts_and_add_on_ppc, _add_ext_grid_sc_impedance, _add_motor_impedances_ppc, \
_build_svc_ppc, _add_load_sc_impedances_ppc
from pandapower.build_gen import _build_gen_ppc, _check_voltage_setpoints_at_same_bus, \
_check_voltage_angles_at_same_bus, _check_for_reference_bus
from pandapower.opf.make_objective import _make_objective
from pandapower.pypower.idx_area import PRICE_REF_BUS
from pandapower.pypower.idx_brch import F_BUS, T_BUS, BR_STATUS
from pandapower.pypower.idx_bus import NONE, BUS_I, BUS_TYPE
from pandapower.pypower.idx_gen import GEN_BUS, GEN_STATUS
from pandapower.pypower.idx_tcsc import TCSC_STATUS, TCSC_F_BUS, TCSC_T_BUS
from pandapower.pypower.idx_svc import SVC_STATUS, SVC_BUS
from pandapower.pypower.run_userfcn import run_userfcn
def _pd2ppc_recycle(net, sequence, recycle):
key = "_ppc" if sequence is None else "_ppc%d" % sequence
if not recycle or not net.get(key, None):
return _pd2ppc(net, sequence=sequence)
ppc = net[key]
ppc["success"] = False
ppc["iterations"] = 0.
ppc["et"] = 0.
if "bus_pq" in recycle and recycle["bus_pq"]:
# update pq values in bus
_calc_pq_elements_and_add_on_ppc(net, ppc, sequence=sequence)
# if "trafo" in recycle and recycle["trafo"]:
# # update trafo in branch and Ybus
# lookup = net._pd2ppc_lookups["branch"]
# if "trafo" in lookup:
# _calc_trafo_parameter(net, ppc)
# if "trafo3w" in lookup:
# _calc_trafo3w_parameter(net, ppc)
if "gen" in recycle and recycle["gen"]:
# updates the ppc["gen"] part
_build_gen_ppc(net, ppc)
ppc["gen"] = np.nan_to_num(ppc["gen"])
ppci = _ppc2ppci(ppc, net)
ppci["internal"] = net[key]["internal"]
net[key] = ppc
return ppc, ppci
def _pd2ppc(net, sequence=None):
"""
Converter Flow:
1. Create an empty pypower datatructure
2. Calculate loads and write the bus matrix
3. Build the gen (Infeeder)- Matrix
4. Calculate the line parameter and the transformer parameter,
and fill it in the branch matrix.
Order: 1st: Line values, 2nd: Trafo values
5. if opf: make opf objective (gencost)
6. convert internal ppci format for pypower powerflow /
opf without out of service elements and rearanged buses
INPUT:
**net** - The pandapower format network
**sequence** - Used for three phase analysis
( 0 - Zero Sequence
1 - Positive Sequence
2 - Negative Sequence
)
OUTPUT:
**ppc** - The simple matpower format network. Which consists of:
ppc = {
"baseMVA": 1., *float*
"version": 2, *int*
"bus": np.array([], dtype=float),
"branch": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"gen": np.array([], dtype=float),
"gencost" = np.array([], dtype=float), only for OPF
"internal": {
"Ybus": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128)
, "Yf": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128)
, "Yt": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128)
, "branch_is": np.array([], dtype=bool)
, "gen_is": np.array([], dtype=bool)
}
**ppci** - The "internal" pypower format network for PF calculations
"""
# select elements in service (time consuming, so we do it once)
net["_is_elements"] = aux._select_is_elements_numba(net, sequence=sequence)
# Gets network configurations
mode = net["_options"]["mode"]
check_connectivity = net["_options"]["check_connectivity"]
calculate_voltage_angles = net["_options"]["calculate_voltage_angles"]
ppc = _init_ppc(net, mode=mode, sequence=sequence)
# generate ppc['bus'] and the bus lookup
_build_bus_ppc(net, ppc, sequence=sequence)
if sequence == 0:
from pandapower.pd2ppc_zero import _add_ext_grid_sc_impedance_zero, _build_branch_ppc_zero
# Adds external grid impedance for 3ph and sc calculations in ppc0
_add_ext_grid_sc_impedance_zero(net, ppc)
# Calculates ppc0 branch impedances from branch elements
_build_branch_ppc_zero(net, ppc)
else:
# Calculates ppc1/ppc2 branch impedances from branch elements
_build_branch_ppc(net, ppc)
_build_tcsc_ppc(net, ppc, mode)
_build_svc_ppc(net, ppc, mode)
# Adds P and Q for loads / sgens in ppc['bus'] (PQ nodes)
if mode == "sc":
_add_ext_grid_sc_impedance(net, ppc)
# Generator impedance are seperately added in sc module
_add_motor_impedances_ppc(net, ppc)
if net._options.get("use_pre_fault_voltage", False):
_add_load_sc_impedances_ppc(net, ppc) # add SC impedances for loads
else:
_calc_pq_elements_and_add_on_ppc(net, ppc, sequence=sequence)
# adds P and Q for shunts, wards and xwards (to PQ nodes)
_calc_shunts_and_add_on_ppc(net, ppc)
# adds auxilary buses for open switches at branches
_switch_branches(net, ppc)
# Adds auxilary buses for in service lines with out of service buses.
# Also deactivates lines if they are connected to two out of service buses
_branches_with_oos_buses(net, ppc)
if check_connectivity:
if sequence in [None, 1, 2]:
# sets islands (multiple isolated nodes) out of service
if "opf" in mode:
net["_isolated_buses"], _, _ = aux._check_connectivity_opf(ppc)
else:
net["_isolated_buses"], _, _ = aux._check_connectivity(ppc)
net["_is_elements_final"] = aux._select_is_elements_numba(net,
net._isolated_buses, sequence)
else:
ppc["bus"][net._isolated_buses, BUS_TYPE] = NONE
net["_is_elements"] = net["_is_elements_final"]
else:
# sets buses out of service, which aren't connected to branches / REF buses
aux._set_isolated_buses_out_of_service(net, ppc)
_build_gen_ppc(net, ppc)
if "pf" in mode:
_check_for_reference_bus(ppc)
aux._replace_nans_with_default_limits(net, ppc)
# generates "internal" ppci format (for powerflow calc)
# from "external" ppc format and updates the bus lookup
# Note: Also reorders buses and gens in ppc
ppci = _ppc2ppci(ppc, net)
if mode == "pf":
# check if any generators connected to the same bus have different voltage setpoints
_check_voltage_setpoints_at_same_bus(ppc)
if calculate_voltage_angles:
_check_voltage_angles_at_same_bus(net, ppci)
if mode == "opf":
# make opf objective
ppci = _make_objective(ppci, net)
return ppc, ppci
def _init_ppc(net, mode="pf", sequence=None):
# init empty ppc
ppc = {"baseMVA": net.sn_mva,
"version": 2,
"bus": np.array([], dtype=float),
"branch": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"tcsc": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"svc": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"gen": np.array([], dtype=float),
"internal": {
"Ybus": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"Yf": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"Yt": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"branch_is": np.array([], dtype=bool),
"gen_is": np.array([], dtype=bool),
"DLF": np.array([], dtype=np.complex128),
"buses_ord_bfs_nets": np.array([], dtype=float)
}
}
if mode == "opf":
# additional fields in ppc
ppc["gencost"] = np.array([], dtype=float)
net["_ppc"] = ppc
if sequence is None:
net["_ppc"] = ppc
else:
ppc["sequence"] = int(sequence)
net["_ppc%s" % sequence] = ppc
return ppc
def _ppc2ppci(ppc, net, ppci=None):
"""
Creates the ppci which is used to run the power flow / OPF...
The ppci is similar to the ppc except that:
1. it contains no out of service elements
2. buses are sorted
Parameters
----------
ppc - the ppc
net - the pandapower net
Returns
-------
ppci - the "internal" ppc
"""
# get empty ppci
if ppci is None:
ppci = _init_ppc(net, mode=net["_options"]["mode"])
# BUS Sorting and lookups
# get bus_lookup
bus_lookup = net["_pd2ppc_lookups"]["bus"]
# get OOS busses and place them at the end of the bus array
# (there are no OOS busses in the ppci)
oos_busses = ppc['bus'][:, BUS_TYPE] == NONE
ppci['bus'] = ppc['bus'][~oos_busses]
# in ppc the OOS busses are included and at the end of the array
ppc['bus'] = np.vstack([ppc['bus'][~oos_busses], ppc['bus'][oos_busses]])
# generate bus_lookup_ppc_ppci (ppc -> ppci lookup)
ppc_former_order = (ppc['bus'][:, BUS_I]).astype(np.int64)
aranged_buses = np.arange(len(ppc["bus"]))
# lookup ppc former order -> consecutive order
e2i = np.zeros(len(ppc["bus"]), dtype=np.int64)
e2i[ppc_former_order] = aranged_buses
# save consecutive indices in ppc and ppci
ppc['bus'][:, BUS_I] = aranged_buses
ppci['bus'][:, BUS_I] = ppc['bus'][:len(ppci['bus']), BUS_I]
# update lookups (pandapower -> ppci internal)
_update_lookup_entries(net, bus_lookup, e2i, "bus")
if 'areas' in ppc:
if len(ppc["areas"]) == 0: # if areas field is empty
del ppc['areas'] # delete it (so it's ignored)
# bus types
bt = ppc["bus"][:, BUS_TYPE]
# update branch, gen and areas bus numbering
ppc['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["gen"][:, GEN_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
ppc['svc'][:, SVC_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["svc"][:, SVC_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
ppc["branch"][:, F_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["branch"][:, F_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
ppc["branch"][:, T_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["branch"][:, T_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_F_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_F_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_T_BUS] = e2i[np.real(ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_T_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
# Note: The "update branch, gen and areas bus numbering" does the same as:
# ppc['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] = get_indices(ppc['gen'][:, GEN_BUS], bus_lookup_ppc_ppci)
# ppc["branch"][:, F_BUS] = get_indices(ppc["branch"][:, F_BUS], bus_lookup_ppc_ppci)
# ppc["branch"][:, T_BUS] = get_indices( ppc["branch"][:, T_BUS], bus_lookup_ppc_ppci)
# but faster...
if 'areas' in ppc:
ppc["areas"][:, PRICE_REF_BUS] = \
e2i[np.real(ppc["areas"][:, PRICE_REF_BUS]).astype(np.int64)].copy()
# initialize gen lookups
for element, (f, t) in net._gen_order.items():
_build_gen_lookups(net, element, f, t)
# determine which buses, branches, gens are connected and
# in-service
n2i = ppc["bus"][:, BUS_I].astype(np.int64)
bs = (bt != NONE) # bus status
gs = ((ppc["gen"][:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & # gen status
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["gen"][:, GEN_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]])
ppci["internal"]["gen_is"] = gs
svcs = ((ppc["svc"][:, SVC_STATUS] > 0) & # gen status
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["svc"][:, SVC_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]])
ppci["internal"]["svc_is"] = svcs
brs = (np.real(ppc["branch"][:, BR_STATUS]).astype(np.int64) & # branch status
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["branch"][:, F_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]] &
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["branch"][:, T_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]]).astype(bool)
ppci["internal"]["branch_is"] = brs
trs = (np.real(ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_STATUS]).astype(np.int64) & # branch status
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_F_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]] &
bs[n2i[np.real(ppc["tcsc"][:, TCSC_T_BUS]).astype(np.int64)]]).astype(bool)
ppci["internal"]["tcsc_is"] = trs
if 'areas' in ppc:
ar = bs[n2i[ppc["areas"][:, PRICE_REF_BUS].astype(np.int64)]]
# delete out of service areas
ppci["areas"] = ppc["areas"][ar]
# select in service elements from ppc and put them in ppci
ppci["branch"] = ppc["branch"][brs]
ppci["tcsc"] = ppc["tcsc"][trs]
ppci["gen"] = ppc["gen"][gs]
ppci["svc"] = ppc["svc"][svcs]
if 'dcline' in ppc:
ppci['dcline'] = ppc['dcline']
# execute userfcn callbacks for 'ext2int' stage
if 'userfcn' in ppci:
ppci = run_userfcn(ppci['userfcn'], 'ext2int', ppci)
if net._pd2ppc_lookups["ext_grid"] is not None:
ref_gens = np.setdiff1d(net._pd2ppc_lookups["ext_grid"], np.array([-1]))
else:
ref_gens = np.array([])
if np.any(net.gen.slack.values[net._is_elements["gen"]]):
slack_gens = np.array(net.gen.index)[net._is_elements["gen"]
& net.gen["slack"].values]
ref_gens = np.append(ref_gens, net._pd2ppc_lookups["gen"][slack_gens])
ppci["internal"]["ref_gens"] = ref_gens.astype(np.int64)
return ppci
def _update_lookup_entries(net, lookup, e2i, element):
valid_bus_lookup_entries = lookup >= 0
# update entries
lookup[valid_bus_lookup_entries] = e2i[lookup[valid_bus_lookup_entries]]
aux._write_lookup_to_net(net, element, lookup)
def _build_gen_lookups(net, element, f, t):
in_service = net._is_elements[element]
if "controllable" in element:
pandapower_index = net[element.split("_")[0]].index.values[in_service]
else:
pandapower_index = net[element].index.values[in_service]
ppc_index = np.arange(f, t)
if len(pandapower_index) > 0:
_init_lookup(net, element, pandapower_index, ppc_index)
def _init_lookup(net, lookup_name, pandapower_index, ppc_index):
# init lookup
lookup = -np.ones(max(pandapower_index) + 1, dtype=np.int64)
# update lookup
lookup[pandapower_index] = ppc_index
aux._write_lookup_to_net(net, lookup_name, lookup)