run.go

// Copyright 2014 Hajime Hoshi
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package ebiten

import (
	"errors"
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"io/fs"
	"sync/atomic"

	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/clock"
	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/v2/internal/ui"
)

// Game defines necessary functions for a game.
type Game interface {
	// Update updates a game by one tick. The given argument represents a screen image.
	//
	// Update updates only the game logic and Draw draws the screen.
	//
	// You can assume that Update is always called TPS-times per second (60 by default), and you can assume
	// that the time delta between two Updates is always 1 / TPS [s] (1/60[s] by default). As Ebitengine already
	// adjusts the number of Update calls, you don't have to measure time deltas in Update by e.g. OS timers.
	//
	// An actual TPS is available by ActualTPS(), and the result might slightly differ from your expected TPS,
	// but still, your game logic should stick to the fixed time delta and should not rely on ActualTPS() value.
	// This API is for just measurement and/or debugging. In the long run, the number of Update calls should be
	// adjusted based on the set TPS on average.
	//
	// An actual time delta between two Updates might be bigger than expected. In this case, your game's
	// Update or Draw takes longer than they should. In this case, there is nothing other than optimizing
	// your game implementation.
	//
	// In the first frame, it is ensured that Update is called at least once before Draw. You can use Update
	// to initialize the game state.
	//
	// After the first frame, Update might not be called or might be called once
	// or more for one frame. The frequency is determined by the current TPS (tick-per-second).
	//
	// If the error returned is nil, game execution proceeds normally.
	// If the error returned is Termination, game execution halts, but does not return an error from RunGame.
	// If the error returned is any other non-nil value, game execution halts and the error is returned from RunGame.
	Update() error

	// Draw draws the game screen by one frame.
	//
	// The give argument represents a screen image. The updated content is adopted as the game screen.
	//
	// The frequency of Draw calls depends on the user's environment, especially the monitors refresh rate.
	// For portability, you should not put your game logic in Draw in general.
	Draw(screen *Image)

	// Layout accepts a native outside size in device-independent pixels and returns the game's logical screen
	// size.
	//
	// On desktops, the outside is a window or a monitor (fullscreen mode). On browsers, the outside is a body
	// element. On mobiles, the outside is the view's size.
	//
	// Even though the outside size and the screen size differ, the rendering scale is automatically adjusted to
	// fit with the outside.
	//
	// Layout is called almost every frame.
	//
	// It is ensured that Layout is invoked before Update is called in the first frame.
	//
	// If Layout returns non-positive numbers, the caller can panic.
	//
	// You can return a fixed screen size if you don't care, or you can also return a calculated screen size
	// adjusted with the given outside size.
	//
	// If the game implements the interface LayoutFer, Layout is never called and LayoutF is called instead.
	Layout(outsideWidth, outsideHeight int) (screenWidth, screenHeight int)
}

// LayoutFer is an interface for the float version of Game.Layout.
type LayoutFer interface {
	// LayoutF is the float version of Game.Layout.
	//
	// If the game implements this interface, Layout is never called and LayoutF is called instead.
	LayoutF(outsideWidth, outsideHeight float64) (screenWidth, screenHeight float64)
}

// FinalScreen represents the final screen image.
// FinalScreen implements a part of Image functions.
type FinalScreen interface {
	Bounds() image.Rectangle

	DrawImage(img *Image, options *DrawImageOptions)
	DrawTriangles(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, img *Image, options *DrawTrianglesOptions)
	DrawRectShader(width, height int, shader *Shader, options *DrawRectShaderOptions)
	DrawTrianglesShader(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, shader *Shader, options *DrawTrianglesShaderOptions)
	Clear()
	Fill(clr color.Color)

	// private prevents other packages from implementing this interface.
	// A new function might be added to this interface in the future
	// even if the Ebitengine major version is not updated.
	private()
}

// FinalScreenDrawer is an interface for a custom function to render the final screen.
// For an actual usage, see examples/flappy.
type FinalScreenDrawer interface {
	// DrawFinalScreen draws the final screen.
	// If a game implementing FinalScreenDrawer is passed to RunGame, DrawFinalScreen is called after Draw.
	// screen is the final screen. offscreen is the offscreen modified at Draw.
	//
	// geoM is the default geometry matrix to render the offscreen onto the final screen.
	// geoM scales the offscreen to fit the final screen without changing the aspect ratio, and
	// translates the offscreen to put it in the center of the final screen.
	DrawFinalScreen(screen FinalScreen, offscreen *Image, geoM GeoM)
}

// DefaultTPS represents a default ticks per second, that represents how many times game updating happens in a second.
const DefaultTPS = clock.DefaultTPS

// ActualFPS returns the current number of FPS (frames per second), that represents
// how many swapping buffer happens per second.
//
// On some environments, ActualFPS doesn't return a reliable value since vsync doesn't work well there.
// If you want to measure the application's speed, Use ActualTPS.
//
// This value is for measurement and/or debug, and your game logic should not rely on this value.
//
// ActualFPS is concurrent-safe.
func ActualFPS() float64 {
	return clock.ActualFPS()
}

// CurrentFPS returns the current number of FPS (frames per second), that represents
// how many swapping buffer happens per second.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.4. Use ActualFPS instead.
func CurrentFPS() float64 {
	return ActualFPS()
}

var (
	isRunGameEnded_ = int32(0)
)

// SetScreenClearedEveryFrame enables or disables the clearing of the screen at the beginning of each frame.
// The default value is true and the screen is cleared each frame by default.
//
// SetScreenClearedEveryFrame is concurrent-safe.
func SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(cleared bool) {
	ui.SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(cleared)
}

// IsScreenClearedEveryFrame returns true if the frame isn't cleared at the beginning.
//
// IsScreenClearedEveryFrame is concurrent-safe.
func IsScreenClearedEveryFrame() bool {
	return ui.IsScreenClearedEveryFrame()
}

// SetScreenFilterEnabled enables/disables the use of the "screen" filter Ebitengine uses.
//
// The "screen" filter is a box filter from game to display resolution.
//
// If disabled, nearest-neighbor filtering will be used for scaling instead.
//
// The default state is true.
//
// SetScreenFilterEnabled is concurrent-safe, but takes effect only at the next Draw call.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use FinalScreenDrawer instead.
func SetScreenFilterEnabled(enabled bool) {
	setScreenFilterEnabled(enabled)
}

// IsScreenFilterEnabled returns true if Ebitengine's "screen" filter is enabled.
//
// IsScreenFilterEnabled is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use FinalScreenDrawer instead.
func IsScreenFilterEnabled() bool {
	return isScreenFilterEnabled()
}

// Termination is a special error which indicates Game termination without error.
var Termination = ui.RegularTermination

// RunGame starts the main loop and runs the game.
// game's Update function is called every tick to update the game logic.
// game's Draw function is called every frame to draw the screen.
// game's Layout function is called when necessary, and you can specify the logical screen size by the function.
//
// If game implements FinalScreenDrawer, its DrawFinalScreen is called after Draw.
// The argument screen represents the final screen. The argument offscreen is an offscreen modified at Draw.
// If game does not implement FinalScreenDrawer, the default rendering for the final screen is used.
//
// game's functions are called on the same goroutine.
//
// On browsers, it is strongly recommended to use iframe if you embed an Ebitengine application in your website.
//
// RunGame must be called on the main thread.
// Note that Ebitengine bounds the main goroutine to the main OS thread by runtime.LockOSThread.
//
// Ebitengine tries to call game's Update function 60 times a second by default. In other words,
// TPS (ticks per second) is 60 by default.
// This is not related to framerate (display's refresh rate).
//
// RunGame returns error when 1) an error happens in the underlying graphics driver, 2) an audio error happens
// or 3) Update returns an error. In the case of 3), RunGame returns the same error so far, but it is recommended to
// use errors.Is when you check the returned error is the error you want, rather than comparing the values
// with == or != directly.
//
// If you want to terminate a game on desktops, it is recommended to return Termination at Update, which will halt
// execution without returning an error value from RunGame.
//
// The size unit is device-independent pixel.
//
// Don't call RunGame or RunGameWithOptions twice or more in one process.
func RunGame(game Game) error {
	return RunGameWithOptions(game, nil)
}

// RunGameOptions represents options for RunGameWithOptions.
type RunGameOptions struct {
	// GraphicsLibrary is a graphics library Ebitengine will use.
	//
	// The default (zero) value is GraphicsLibraryAuto, which lets Ebitengine choose the graphics library.
	GraphicsLibrary GraphicsLibrary

	// InitUnfocused indicates whether the window is unfocused or not on launching.
	// InitUnfocused is valid on desktops and browsers.
	//
	// The default (zero) value is false, which means that the window is focused.
	InitUnfocused bool

	// ScreenTransparent indicates whether the window is transparent or not.
	// ScreenTransparent is valid on desktops and browsers.
	//
	// The default (zero) value is false, which means that the window is not transparent.
	ScreenTransparent bool

	// SkipTaskbar indicates whether an application icon is shown on a taskbar or not.
	// SkipTaskbar is valid only on Windows.
	//
	// The default (zero) value is false, which means that an icon is shown on a taskbar.
	SkipTaskbar bool
}

// RunGameWithOptions starts the main loop and runs the game with the specified options.
// game's Update function is called every tick to update the game logic.
// game's Draw function is called every frame to draw the screen.
// game's Layout function is called when necessary, and you can specify the logical screen size by the function.
//
// options can be nil. In this case, the default options are used.
//
// If game implements FinalScreenDrawer, its DrawFinalScreen is called after Draw.
// The argument screen represents the final screen. The argument offscreen is an offscreen modified at Draw.
// If game does not implement FinalScreenDrawer, the default rendering for the final screen is used.
//
// game's functions are called on the same goroutine.
//
// On browsers, it is strongly recommended to use iframe if you embed an Ebitengine application in your website.
//
// RunGameWithOptions must be called on the main thread.
// Note that Ebitengine bounds the main goroutine to the main OS thread by runtime.LockOSThread.
//
// Ebitengine tries to call game's Update function 60 times a second by default. In other words,
// TPS (ticks per second) is 60 by default.
// This is not related to framerate (display's refresh rate).
//
// RunGameWithOptions returns error when 1) an error happens in the underlying graphics driver, 2) an audio error happens
// or 3) Update returns an error. In the case of 3), RunGameWithOptions returns the same error so far, but it is recommended to
// use errors.Is when you check the returned error is the error you want, rather than comparing the values
// with == or != directly.
//
// If you want to terminate a game on desktops, it is recommended to return Termination at Update, which will halt
// execution without returning an error value from RunGameWithOptions.
//
// The size unit is device-independent pixel.
//
// Don't call RunGame or RunGameWithOptions twice or more in one process.
func RunGameWithOptions(game Game, options *RunGameOptions) error {
	defer atomic.StoreInt32(&isRunGameEnded_, 1)

	initializeWindowPositionIfNeeded(WindowSize())

	op := toUIRunOptions(options)
	// This is necessary to change the result of IsScreenTransparent.
	if op.ScreenTransparent {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&screenTransparent, 1)
	} else {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&screenTransparent, 0)
	}
	g := newGameForUI(game, op.ScreenTransparent)

	if err := ui.Get().Run(g, op); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, Termination) {
			return nil
		}

		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func isRunGameEnded() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&isRunGameEnded_) != 0
}

// ScreenSizeInFullscreen returns the size in device-independent pixels when the game is fullscreen.
// The adopted monitor is the 'current' monitor which the window belongs to.
// The returned value can be given to SetSize function if the perfectly fit fullscreen is needed.
//
// On browsers, ScreenSizeInFullscreen returns the 'window' (global object) size, not 'screen' size.
// ScreenSizeInFullscreen's returning value is different from the actual screen size and this is a known issue (#2145).
// For browsers, it is recommended to use Screen API (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Screen) if needed.
//
// On mobiles, ScreenSizeInFullscreen returns (0, 0) so far.
//
// ScreenSizeInFullscreen's use cases are limited. If you are making a fullscreen application, you can use RunGame and
// the Game interface's Layout function instead. If you are making a not-fullscreen application but the application's
// behavior depends on the monitor size, ScreenSizeInFullscreen is useful.
//
// ScreenSizeInFullscreen must be called on the main thread before ebiten.RunGame, and is concurrent-safe after
// ebiten.RunGame.
func ScreenSizeInFullscreen() (int, int) {
	return ui.Get().ScreenSizeInFullscreen()
}

// CursorMode returns the current cursor mode.
//
// CursorMode returns CursorModeHidden on mobiles.
//
// CursorMode is concurrent-safe.
func CursorMode() CursorModeType {
	return ui.Get().CursorMode()
}

// SetCursorMode sets the render and capture mode of the mouse cursor.
// CursorModeVisible sets the cursor to always be visible.
// CursorModeHidden hides the system cursor when over the window.
// CursorModeCaptured hides the system cursor and locks it to the window.
//
// CursorModeCaptured also works on browsers.
// When the user exits the captured mode not by SetCursorMode but by the UI (e.g., pressing ESC),
// the previous cursor mode is set automatically.
//
// SetCursorMode does nothing on mobiles.
//
// SetCursorMode is concurrent-safe.
func SetCursorMode(mode CursorModeType) {
	ui.Get().SetCursorMode(mode)
}

// CursorShape returns the current cursor shape.
//
// CursorShape returns CursorShapeDefault on mobiles.
//
// CursorShape is concurrent-safe.
func CursorShape() CursorShapeType {
	return ui.Get().CursorShape()
}

// SetCursorShape sets the cursor shape.
//
// SetCursorShape is concurrent-safe.
func SetCursorShape(shape CursorShapeType) {
	ui.Get().SetCursorShape(shape)
}

// IsFullscreen reports whether the current mode is fullscreen or not.
//
// IsFullscreen always returns false on mobiles.
//
// IsFullscreen is concurrent-safe.
func IsFullscreen() bool {
	return ui.Get().IsFullscreen()
}

// SetFullscreen changes the current mode to fullscreen or not on desktops and browsers.
//
// In fullscreen mode, the game screen is automatically enlarged
// to fit with the monitor. The current scale value is ignored.
//
// On desktops, Ebitengine uses 'windowed' fullscreen mode, which doesn't change
// your monitor's resolution.
//
// On browsers, triggering fullscreen requires a user gesture otherwise SetFullscreen does nothing but leave an error message in console.
// This behaviour varies across browser implementations, your mileage may vary.
//
// SetFullscreen does nothing on mobiles.
//
// SetFullscreen does nothing on macOS when the window is fullscreened natively by the macOS desktop
// instead of SetFullscreen(true).
//
// SetFullscreen is concurrent-safe.
func SetFullscreen(fullscreen bool) {
	ui.Get().SetFullscreen(fullscreen)
}

// IsFocused returns a boolean value indicating whether
// the game is in focus or in the foreground.
//
// IsFocused will only return true if IsRunnableOnUnfocused is false.
//
// IsFocused is concurrent-safe.
func IsFocused() bool {
	return ui.Get().IsFocused()
}

// IsRunnableOnUnfocused returns a boolean value indicating whether
// the game runs even in background.
//
// IsRunnableOnUnfocused is concurrent-safe.
func IsRunnableOnUnfocused() bool {
	return ui.Get().IsRunnableOnUnfocused()
}

// SetRunnableOnUnfocused sets the state if the game runs even in background.
//
// If the given value is true, the game runs even in background e.g. when losing focus.
// The initial state is true.
//
// Known issue: On browsers, even if the state is on, the game doesn't run in background tabs.
// This is because browsers throttles background tabs not to often update.
//
// SetRunnableOnUnfocused does nothing on mobiles so far.
//
// SetRunnableOnUnfocused is concurrent-safe.
func SetRunnableOnUnfocused(runnableOnUnfocused bool) {
	ui.Get().SetRunnableOnUnfocused(runnableOnUnfocused)
}

// DeviceScaleFactor returns a device scale factor value of the current monitor which the window belongs to.
//
// DeviceScaleFactor returns a meaningful value on high-DPI display environment,
// otherwise DeviceScaleFactor returns 1.
//
// DeviceScaleFactor might panic on init function on some devices like Android.
// Then, it is not recommended to call DeviceScaleFactor from init functions.
//
// DeviceScaleFactor must be called on the main thread before the main loop, and is concurrent-safe after the main
// loop.
//
// DeviceScaleFactor is concurrent-safe.
//
// BUG: DeviceScaleFactor value is not affected by SetWindowPosition before RunGame (#1575).
func DeviceScaleFactor() float64 {
	return ui.Get().DeviceScaleFactor()
}

// IsVsyncEnabled returns a boolean value indicating whether
// the game uses the display's vsync.
func IsVsyncEnabled() bool {
	return ui.FPSMode() == ui.FPSModeVsyncOn
}

// SetVsyncEnabled sets a boolean value indicating whether
// the game uses the display's vsync.
func SetVsyncEnabled(enabled bool) {
	if enabled {
		ui.SetFPSMode(ui.FPSModeVsyncOn)
	} else {
		ui.SetFPSMode(ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum)
	}
}

// FPSModeType is a type of FPS modes.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
type FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeType

const (
	// FPSModeVsyncOn indicates that the game tries to sync the display's refresh rate.
	// FPSModeVsyncOn is the default mode.
	//
	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled(true) instead.
	FPSModeVsyncOn FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOn

	// FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum indicates that the game doesn't sync with vsync, and
	// the game is updated whenever possible.
	//
	// Be careful that FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum might consume a lot of battery power.
	//
	// In FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum, the game's Draw is called almost without sleeping.
	// The game's Update is called based on the specified TPS.
	//
	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled(false) instead.
	FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMaximum

	// FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum indicates that the game doesn't sync with vsync, and
	// the game is updated only when necessary.
	//
	// FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum is useful for relatively static applications to save battery power.
	//
	// In FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum, the game's Update and Draw are called only when
	// 1) new inputting except for gamepads is detected, or 2) ScheduleFrame is called.
	// In FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum, TPS is SyncWithFPS no matter what TPS is specified at SetTPS.
	//
	// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false) instead.
	// See examples/skipdraw for GPU optimization with SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false).
	FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum FPSModeType = ui.FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum
)

// FPSMode returns the current FPS mode.
//
// FPSMode is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
func FPSMode() FPSModeType {
	return ui.FPSMode()
}

// SetFPSMode sets the FPS mode.
// The default FPS mode is FPSModeVsyncOn.
//
// SetFPSMode is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetVsyncEnabled instead.
func SetFPSMode(mode FPSModeType) {
	ui.SetFPSMode(mode)
}

// ScheduleFrame schedules a next frame when the current FPS mode is FPSModeVsyncOffMinimum.
//
// ScheduleFrame is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false) instead.
// See examples/skipdraw for GPU optimization with SetScreenClearedEveryFrame(false).
func ScheduleFrame() {
	ui.Get().ScheduleFrame()
}

// TPS returns the current maximum TPS.
//
// TPS is concurrent-safe.
func TPS() int {
	return clock.TPS()
}

// MaxTPS returns the current maximum TPS.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.4. Use TPS instead.
func MaxTPS() int {
	return TPS()
}

// ActualTPS returns the current TPS (ticks per second),
// that represents how many Update function is called in a second.
//
// This value is for measurement and/or debug, and your game logic should not rely on this value.
//
// ActualTPS is concurrent-safe.
func ActualTPS() float64 {
	return clock.ActualTPS()
}

// CurrentTPS returns the current TPS (ticks per second),
// that represents how many Update function is called in a second.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.4. Use ActualTPS instead.
func CurrentTPS() float64 {
	return ActualTPS()
}

// SyncWithFPS is a special TPS value that means TPS syncs with FPS.
const SyncWithFPS = clock.SyncWithFPS

// UncappedTPS is a special TPS value that means TPS syncs with FPS.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.2. Use SyncWithFPS instead.
const UncappedTPS = SyncWithFPS

// SetTPS sets the maximum TPS (ticks per second),
// that represents how many updating function is called per second.
// The initial value is 60.
//
// If tps is SyncWithFPS, TPS is uncapped and the game is updated per frame.
// If tps is negative but not SyncWithFPS, SetTPS panics.
//
// SetTPS is concurrent-safe.
func SetTPS(tps int) {
	clock.SetTPS(tps)
}

// SetMaxTPS sets the maximum TPS (ticks per second),
// that represents how many updating function is called per second.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.4. Use SetTPS instead.
func SetMaxTPS(tps int) {
	SetTPS(tps)
}

// IsScreenTransparent reports whether the window is transparent.
//
// IsScreenTransparent is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5.
func IsScreenTransparent() bool {
	if !ui.IsScreenTransparentAvailable() {
		return false
	}
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&screenTransparent) != 0
}

// SetScreenTransparent sets the state if the window is transparent.
//
// SetScreenTransparent panics if SetScreenTransparent is called after the main loop.
//
// SetScreenTransparent does nothing on mobiles.
//
// SetScreenTransparent is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use RunGameWithOptions instead.
func SetScreenTransparent(transparent bool) {
	if transparent {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&screenTransparent, 1)
	} else {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&screenTransparent, 0)
	}
}

var screenTransparent int32 = 0

// SetInitFocused sets whether the application is focused on show.
// The default value is true, i.e., the application is focused.
//
// SetInitFocused does nothing on mobile.
//
// SetInitFocused panics if this is called after the main loop.
//
// SetInitFocused is concurrent-safe.
//
// Deprecated: as of v2.5. Use RunGameWithOptions instead.
func SetInitFocused(focused bool) {
	if focused {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&initUnfocused, 0)
	} else {
		atomic.StoreInt32(&initUnfocused, 1)
	}
}

var initUnfocused int32 = 0

func toUIRunOptions(options *RunGameOptions) *ui.RunOptions {
	if options == nil {
		return &ui.RunOptions{
			InitUnfocused:     atomic.LoadInt32(&initUnfocused) != 0,
			ScreenTransparent: atomic.LoadInt32(&screenTransparent) != 0,
		}
	}
	return &ui.RunOptions{
		GraphicsLibrary:   ui.GraphicsLibrary(options.GraphicsLibrary),
		InitUnfocused:     options.InitUnfocused,
		ScreenTransparent: options.ScreenTransparent,
		SkipTaskbar:       options.SkipTaskbar,
	}
}

// DroppedFiles returns a virtual file system that includes only dropped files and/or directories
// at its root directory, at the time Update is called.
//
// DroppedFiles works on desktops and browsers.
//
// DroppedFiles is concurrent-safe.
func DroppedFiles() fs.FS {
	return theInputState.droppedFiles()
}