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Default Value Constraint
The Default Value constraint specifies a value to populate a column with if none is provided.
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The Default Value constraint specifies a value to write into the constrained column if one is not defined in an INSERT statement. The value may be either a hard-coded literal or an expression that is evaluated at the time the row is created.

Details

  • The data type of the Default Value must be the same as the data type of the column.
  • The Default Value constraint only applies if the column does not have a value specified in the INSERT statement. You can still insert a NULL into an optional (nullable) column by explicitly inserting NULL. For example, INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, NULL);.

Syntax

You can only apply the Default Value constraint to individual columns.

{{site.data.alerts.callout_info}}You can also add the Default Value constraint to an existing table through ALTER COLUMN. {{site.data.alerts.end}}

{% include {{ page.version.version }}/sql/diagrams/default_value_column_level.html %}

Parameter Description
table_name The name of the table you're creating.
column_name The name of the constrained column.
column_type The constrained column's data type.
default_value The value you want to insert by default, which must evaluate to the same data type as the column_type.
column_constraints Any other column-level constraints you want to apply to this column.
column_def Definitions for any other columns in the table.
table_constraints Any table-level constraints you want to apply.

Usage Example

> CREATE TABLE inventories (
    product_id        INT,
    warehouse_id      INT,
    quantity_on_hand  INT DEFAULT 100,
    PRIMARY KEY (product_id, warehouse_id)
  );

> INSERT INTO inventories (product_id, warehouse_id) VALUES (1,20);

> INSERT INTO inventories (product_id, warehouse_id, quantity_on_hand) VALUES (2,30, NULL);

> SELECT * FROM inventories;
+------------+--------------+------------------+
| product_id | warehouse_id | quantity_on_hand |
+------------+--------------+------------------+
|          1 |           20 |              100 |
|          2 |           30 | NULL             |
+------------+--------------+------------------+

If the Default Value constraint is not specified and an explicit value is not given, a value of NULL is assigned to the column.

See Also