A utility written in Go to generate a proxy ruleset matching the list of domains blocked in the Russian Federation for use with V2Ray or XRay to circumvent government censorship and evade detection.
Noun
запре́т • (zaprét) m inan
Definition:
- prohibition, interdiction, ban
The Russian government provides a list of all domains and IP addresses on the blocklist maintained by The Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) to telecommunications providers, like datacenters, cloud operators, and ISPs.
The intent behind providing the list is to allow those companies and services to enforce the blocklist, as the government relies on the individual ISPs to do the filtering.
However, this also makes it relatively easy to generate a ruleset to proxy the banned services and only the banned services by making use of the same list.
This tool makes use of a dump of the blocklist provided by Zapret-Info, which can be found below.
- Obtain a CSV dump of the Roskomnadzor list from Zapret-Info, the main
dump.csvfile, and place it inz-i/dump.csvin the root directory of the project - Build the project using
go build - Run the built executable
- Set your proxy rules to use generated
geosite.datfile located inpublish/to route traffic. The default "geosite" country code of the list isZAPRETINFO.
Included in the examples/ directory are a few starter V2Ray starter configurations. In each example, only government-blocked traffic is proxied; non-blocked traffic is routed directly over the client's default outbound connection.
- VMess over KCP
- VLESS over QUIC with ChaCha20 and dynamically rotating ports, masquerading as UDP torrent traffic.
- VLESS over QUIC
- VMess over WebSockets with TLS, using Caddy as a reverse proxy
NOTE: please replace any security keys and UUIDs with your own locally generated ones!
Depending on your needs, different setups may be more appropriate. In terms of security, a traditional VPN setup with more mature, peer-reviewed protocols is likely the safest option.
However, while the traffic going through the tunnel is secure when using WireGuard or OpenVPN, it is also much easier to detect the fact that a VPN is in use. If evasion of DPI and anti-circumvention technology is required, or a more covert solution is necessary for some other reason, one of the VMess/VLESS options is the best choice currently.
VLESS is a newer stateless transport protocol that does not require system time to be in sync nor the usage of alter ids. However, it does not implement its own encryption. And thus, it would be inappropriate to VLESS without some sort of layer, like TLS, sitting on top (e.g., VLESS + KCP without TLS would be ill-advised).
VMess, on the other hand, does depend on the server and client system times to be no more than 90 seconds out of sync. For clarity, this is timezone independent, i.e., the client and server may both have distinct non-UTC timezones, but the time difference must be no more than 90 seconds from each other once UTC offsets have been taken into account.
A pro and a con of VMess, however, is that it implements its own encryption layer, which can be either AES-128-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305. This adds additional overhead when used with TLS due to the double encryption, but it also allows VMess to be used without TLS.
KCP is a reliable transport protocol built on-top of UDP with the intention of minimizing latency at the cost of lower throughput. It is well-supported and more mature than the QUIC options provided in V2Ray. It is suitable for general use and can be paired with VMess for encryption and masquerading. TCP may be a better choice if throughput is a bigger concern than latency.
The TCP transport layer is the oldest and most mature option in V2Ray, and can be paired with VMess or VLESS and TLS.
V2Ray also has a WebSocket transport layer, which can be used with VMess or VLESS and TLS. However, it will have more overhead than TCP or KCP and thus is generally not advisable unless there is the need to use a standard webserver like NGINX or Caddy as a reverse proxy. Another use case for the WebSocket transport is for use behind WebSocket-enabled CDNs, like CloudFlare.
QUIC is the least mature transport option out of the ones list thus far, but should result in better throughput and latency than TCP with TLS.
When in doubt, use TCP and VLESS with TLS or KCP and VMess, unless CloudFlare is in use, in which case WebSockets or gRPC and VLESS would be more appropriate.
Special thanks to the following groups and individuals for their efforts.
- Zapret-Info - Providing regular dumps of the Russian government blocklist
- Shadowsocks - Proxy encryption protocol designed to circumvent China's great firewall
- Clowwindy - Original development of Shadowsocks
- V2Ray - A platform for building proxies, and the VMess protocol, designed to bypass anti-circumvention techniques
- XRay - An alternative v2ray-core with support for XTLS
- Loyalsoldier - References for generating V2Ray rules