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While connected to the virtual machine with remote desktop, search for Configuration Manager:
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In SQL Server Configuration Manager, in the console pane, expand SQL Server Network Configuration.
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In the console pane, click Protocols for MSSQLSERVER (the default instance name.) In the details pane, right-click TCP and click Enable if it is not already enabled.
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In the console pane, click SQL Server Services. In the details pane, right-click SQL Server (instance name) (the default instance is SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER)), and then click Restart, to stop and restart the instance of SQL Server.
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Close SQL Server Configuration Manager.
For more information about enabling protocols for the SQL Server Database Engine, see Enable or Disable a Server Network Protocol.