In-Memory OLTP can significantly improve performance of transaction processing in SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. It is a memory-optimized database engine integrated into the database engine, optimized for OLTP. With In-Memory OLTP you can increase the transaction throughput by up to 30 times, depending on the specifics of the workload.
Master Data Services (MDS) is the SQL Server solution for master data management. Master data management (MDM) enables you organization to discover and define non-transactional lists of data, and compile maintainable, reliable master lists.
SQL Server R Services brings R processing close to the data, allowing more scalable and more efficient predictive analytics.
Built-in JSON functions enable you to easily parse and query JSON data stored in database, transform relational data to JSON text, and vice versa.
Built-in temporal functions enable you to easily track history of changes in a table, go back in history, and analyze historical data.
Reporting Services provides reporting capabilities for your organziation. Reporting Services can be integrated with SharePoint Server or used as a standalone service.