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Native Image Options

The native-image builder needs to provide the classpath for all classes using the familiar option from the java launcher: -cp is followed by a list of directories or JAR files, separated by :. The name of the class containing the main method is the last argument, or you can use -jar and provide a JAR file that specifies the main method in its manifest.

The syntax of the native-image command is:

  • native-image [options] class to build an executable file for a class in the current working directory. Invoking it executes the native-compiled code of that class.

  • native-image [options] -jar jarfile to build an image for a JAR file.

The options passed to native-image are evaluated left-to-right. For more information, see Native Image Build Configuration.

The options fall into four categories: image generation options, macro options, non-standard options, and server options. Non-standard and server options are subject to change through a deprecation cycle.

Command-line help is available. Run native-image --help to get the commands overview, and native-image --help-extra to print help on non-standard, macro, and server options.

Options to Native Image Builder

The following options are currently supported:

  • -cp, -classpath, --class-path <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>: a separated list of directories, JAR archives, and ZIP archives to search for class files
  • -D<name>=<value>: set a system property
  • -J<flag>: pass <flag> directly to the JVM running the image generator
  • -O<level>: 0 for no optimizations, or 1 for basic optimizations (default)
  • --verbose: enable verbose output
  • --version: print product version and exit
  • --help: print this help message
  • --help-extra: print help on non-standard options
  • --allow-incomplete-classpath: allow image building with an incomplete class path; report type resolution errors at runtime when they are accessed the first time, instead of during image building
  • --auto-fallback: build stand-alone image if possible
  • --enable-all-security-services: add all security service classes to the generated image
  • --enable-http: enable http support in the generated image
  • --enable-https: enable https support in the generated image
  • --enable-url-protocols: list of comma-separated URL protocols to enable <!---please check this one--->
  • --features: a comma-separated list of fully qualified feature implementation classes
  • --force-fallback: force building of fallback image
  • --initialize-at-build-time: a comma-separated list of packages and classes (and implicitly all of their superclasses) that are initialized during image generation. An empty string designates all packages
  • --initialize-at-run-time: a comma-separated list of packages and classes (and implicitly all of their subclasses) that must be initialized at runtime and not during image building. An empty string is currently not supported
  • --install-exit-handlers: provide java.lang.Terminator exit handlers for executable images
  • --libc: select the libc implementation to use (available implementations are glibc and musl)
  • --native-compiler-options: provide custom C compiler option used for query code compilation
  • --native-compiler-path: provide custom path to C compiler used for query code compilation and linking
  • --native-image-info: show native toolchain information and image-build settings
  • --no-fallback: build stand-alone image or report failure
  • --pgo: a comma-separated list of files from which to read the data collected for profile-guided optimization of AOT compiled code (reads from default.iprof if nothing is specified)
  • --pgo-instrument: instrument AOT compiled code to collect data for profile-guided optimization into default.iprof file
  • --report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime: report usage of unsupported methods and fields at runtime when they are accessed the first time, instead of as an error during image building
  • --shared: build shared library
  • --static: build statically-linked executable (requires static libc and zlib)
  • -da: disable assertions in the generated image
  • -ea: enable assertions in the generated image
  • -g: generate debugging information

Macro Options

  • --language:nfi: make Truffle Native Function Interface language available
  • --language:regex: make Truffle Regular Expression engine available that exposes regular expression functionality in GraalVM supported languages
  • --language:R: make R available as a language for the image
  • --language:python: make Python available as a language for the image
  • --language:llvm: make LLVM bitcode available for the image
  • --language:js: make JavaScript available as a language for the image
  • --language:ruby: make Ruby available as a language for the image
  • --tool:profiler: add profiling support to a GraalVM supported language
  • --tool:chromeinspector: add debugging support to a GraalVM supported language

The --language:python, --language:ruby and --language:R polyglot macro options become available once the corresponding languages are added to the base GraalVM installation (see the GraalVM Updater guide).

Non-standard Options

  • --expert-options: list image build options for experts
  • --expert-options-all : list all image build options for experts (use at your own risk)
  • --configurations-path <search path of option-configuration directories>: a separated list of directories to be treated as option-configuration directories
  • --debug-attach[=< port >]: attach to debugger during image building (default port is 8000)
  • --dry-run: output the command line that would be used for building
  • -V<key>=<value>: provide values for placeholders in native-image.properties files

Native Image options are also distinguished as hosted and runtime options. Continue reading to the Native Image Hosted and Runtime Options guide.