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backend.go
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// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol.
package eth
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"math/big"
"runtime"
"sync"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/beacon"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/clique"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/bloombits"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/pruner"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool/blobpool"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool/legacypool"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/ethconfig"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/gasprice"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/snap"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/shutdowncheck"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/miner"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/dnsdisc"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/enode"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
)
// Config contains the configuration options of the ETH protocol.
// Deprecated: use ethconfig.Config instead.
type Config = ethconfig.Config
// Ethereum implements the Ethereum full node service.
type Ethereum struct {
config *ethconfig.Config
// Handlers
txPool *txpool.TxPool
blockchain *core.BlockChain
handler *handler
ethDialCandidates enode.Iterator
snapDialCandidates enode.Iterator
merger *consensus.Merger
// DB interfaces
chainDb ethdb.Database // Block chain database
eventMux *event.TypeMux
engine consensus.Engine
accountManager *accounts.Manager
bloomRequests chan chan *bloombits.Retrieval // Channel receiving bloom data retrieval requests
bloomIndexer *core.ChainIndexer // Bloom indexer operating during block imports
closeBloomHandler chan struct{}
APIBackend *EthAPIBackend
miner *miner.Miner
gasPrice *big.Int
etherbase common.Address
networkID uint64
netRPCService *ethapi.NetAPI
p2pServer *p2p.Server
lock sync.RWMutex // Protects the variadic fields (e.g. gas price and etherbase)
shutdownTracker *shutdowncheck.ShutdownTracker // Tracks if and when the node has shutdown ungracefully
}
// New creates a new Ethereum object (including the
// initialisation of the common Ethereum object)
func New(stack *node.Node, config *ethconfig.Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
// Ensure configuration values are compatible and sane
if config.SyncMode == downloader.LightSync {
return nil, errors.New("can't run eth.Ethereum in light sync mode, light mode has been deprecated")
}
if !config.SyncMode.IsValid() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid sync mode %d", config.SyncMode)
}
if config.Miner.GasPrice == nil || config.Miner.GasPrice.Cmp(common.Big0) <= 0 {
log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid miner gas price", "provided", config.Miner.GasPrice, "updated", ethconfig.Defaults.Miner.GasPrice)
config.Miner.GasPrice = new(big.Int).Set(ethconfig.Defaults.Miner.GasPrice)
}
if config.NoPruning && config.TrieDirtyCache > 0 {
if config.SnapshotCache > 0 {
config.TrieCleanCache += config.TrieDirtyCache * 3 / 5
config.SnapshotCache += config.TrieDirtyCache * 2 / 5
} else {
config.TrieCleanCache += config.TrieDirtyCache
}
config.TrieDirtyCache = 0
}
log.Info("Allocated trie memory caches", "clean", common.StorageSize(config.TrieCleanCache)*1024*1024, "dirty", common.StorageSize(config.TrieDirtyCache)*1024*1024)
// Assemble the Ethereum object
chainDb, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithFreezer("chaindata", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles, config.DatabaseFreezer, "eth/db/chaindata/", false)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
scheme, err := rawdb.ParseStateScheme(config.StateScheme, chainDb)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Try to recover offline state pruning only in hash-based.
if scheme == rawdb.HashScheme {
if err := pruner.RecoverPruning(stack.ResolvePath(""), chainDb); err != nil {
log.Error("Failed to recover state", "error", err)
}
}
// Transfer mining-related config to the ethash config.
chainConfig, err := core.LoadChainConfig(chainDb, config.Genesis)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
engine, err := ethconfig.CreateConsensusEngine(chainConfig, chainDb)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
networkID := config.NetworkId
if networkID == 0 {
networkID = chainConfig.ChainID.Uint64()
}
eth := &Ethereum{
config: config,
merger: consensus.NewMerger(chainDb),
chainDb: chainDb,
eventMux: stack.EventMux(),
accountManager: stack.AccountManager(),
engine: engine,
closeBloomHandler: make(chan struct{}),
networkID: networkID,
gasPrice: config.Miner.GasPrice,
etherbase: config.Miner.Etherbase,
bloomRequests: make(chan chan *bloombits.Retrieval),
bloomIndexer: core.NewBloomIndexer(chainDb, params.BloomBitsBlocks, params.BloomConfirms),
p2pServer: stack.Server(),
shutdownTracker: shutdowncheck.NewShutdownTracker(chainDb),
}
bcVersion := rawdb.ReadDatabaseVersion(chainDb)
var dbVer = "<nil>"
if bcVersion != nil {
dbVer = fmt.Sprintf("%d", *bcVersion)
}
log.Info("Initialising Ethereum protocol", "network", networkID, "dbversion", dbVer)
if !config.SkipBcVersionCheck {
if bcVersion != nil && *bcVersion > core.BlockChainVersion {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("database version is v%d, Geth %s only supports v%d", *bcVersion, params.VersionWithMeta, core.BlockChainVersion)
} else if bcVersion == nil || *bcVersion < core.BlockChainVersion {
if bcVersion != nil { // only print warning on upgrade, not on init
log.Warn("Upgrade blockchain database version", "from", dbVer, "to", core.BlockChainVersion)
}
rawdb.WriteDatabaseVersion(chainDb, core.BlockChainVersion)
}
}
var (
vmConfig = vm.Config{
EnablePreimageRecording: config.EnablePreimageRecording,
}
cacheConfig = &core.CacheConfig{
TrieCleanLimit: config.TrieCleanCache,
TrieCleanNoPrefetch: config.NoPrefetch,
TrieDirtyLimit: config.TrieDirtyCache,
TrieDirtyDisabled: config.NoPruning,
TrieTimeLimit: config.TrieTimeout,
SnapshotLimit: config.SnapshotCache,
Preimages: config.Preimages,
StateHistory: config.StateHistory,
StateScheme: scheme,
}
)
// Override the chain config with provided settings.
var overrides core.ChainOverrides
if config.OverrideCancun != nil {
overrides.OverrideCancun = config.OverrideCancun
}
if config.OverrideVerkle != nil {
overrides.OverrideVerkle = config.OverrideVerkle
}
eth.blockchain, err = core.NewBlockChain(chainDb, cacheConfig, config.Genesis, &overrides, eth.engine, vmConfig, eth.shouldPreserve, &config.TransactionHistory)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
eth.bloomIndexer.Start(eth.blockchain)
if config.BlobPool.Datadir != "" {
config.BlobPool.Datadir = stack.ResolvePath(config.BlobPool.Datadir)
}
blobPool := blobpool.New(config.BlobPool, eth.blockchain)
if config.TxPool.Journal != "" {
config.TxPool.Journal = stack.ResolvePath(config.TxPool.Journal)
}
legacyPool := legacypool.New(config.TxPool, eth.blockchain)
eth.txPool, err = txpool.New(new(big.Int).SetUint64(config.TxPool.PriceLimit), eth.blockchain, []txpool.SubPool{legacyPool, blobPool})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Permit the downloader to use the trie cache allowance during fast sync
cacheLimit := cacheConfig.TrieCleanLimit + cacheConfig.TrieDirtyLimit + cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit
if eth.handler, err = newHandler(&handlerConfig{
Database: chainDb,
Chain: eth.blockchain,
TxPool: eth.txPool,
Merger: eth.merger,
Network: networkID,
Sync: config.SyncMode,
BloomCache: uint64(cacheLimit),
EventMux: eth.eventMux,
RequiredBlocks: config.RequiredBlocks,
}); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
eth.miner = miner.New(eth, &config.Miner, eth.blockchain.Config(), eth.EventMux(), eth.engine, eth.isLocalBlock)
eth.miner.SetExtra(makeExtraData(config.Miner.ExtraData))
eth.APIBackend = &EthAPIBackend{stack.Config().ExtRPCEnabled(), stack.Config().AllowUnprotectedTxs, eth, nil}
if eth.APIBackend.allowUnprotectedTxs {
log.Info("Unprotected transactions allowed")
}
gpoParams := config.GPO
if gpoParams.Default == nil {
gpoParams.Default = config.Miner.GasPrice
}
eth.APIBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(eth.APIBackend, gpoParams)
// Setup DNS discovery iterators.
dnsclient := dnsdisc.NewClient(dnsdisc.Config{})
eth.ethDialCandidates, err = dnsclient.NewIterator(eth.config.EthDiscoveryURLs...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
eth.snapDialCandidates, err = dnsclient.NewIterator(eth.config.SnapDiscoveryURLs...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Start the RPC service
eth.netRPCService = ethapi.NewNetAPI(eth.p2pServer, networkID)
// Register the backend on the node
stack.RegisterAPIs(eth.APIs())
stack.RegisterProtocols(eth.Protocols())
stack.RegisterLifecycle(eth)
// Successful startup; push a marker and check previous unclean shutdowns.
eth.shutdownTracker.MarkStartup()
return eth, nil
}
func makeExtraData(extra []byte) []byte {
if len(extra) == 0 {
// create default extradata
extra, _ = rlp.EncodeToBytes([]interface{}{
uint(params.VersionMajor<<16 | params.VersionMinor<<8 | params.VersionPatch),
"geth",
runtime.Version(),
runtime.GOOS,
})
}
if uint64(len(extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize {
log.Warn("Miner extra data exceed limit", "extra", hexutil.Bytes(extra), "limit", params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
extra = nil
}
return extra
}
// APIs return the collection of RPC services the ethereum package offers.
// NOTE, some of these services probably need to be moved to somewhere else.
func (s *Ethereum) APIs() []rpc.API {
apis := ethapi.GetAPIs(s.APIBackend)
// Append any APIs exposed explicitly by the consensus engine
apis = append(apis, s.engine.APIs(s.BlockChain())...)
// Append all the local APIs and return
return append(apis, []rpc.API{
{
Namespace: "eth",
Service: NewEthereumAPI(s),
}, {
Namespace: "miner",
Service: NewMinerAPI(s),
}, {
Namespace: "eth",
Service: downloader.NewDownloaderAPI(s.handler.downloader, s.eventMux),
}, {
Namespace: "admin",
Service: NewAdminAPI(s),
}, {
Namespace: "debug",
Service: NewDebugAPI(s),
}, {
Namespace: "net",
Service: s.netRPCService,
},
}...)
}
func (s *Ethereum) ResetWithGenesisBlock(gb *types.Block) {
s.blockchain.ResetWithGenesisBlock(gb)
}
func (s *Ethereum) Etherbase() (eb common.Address, err error) {
s.lock.RLock()
etherbase := s.etherbase
s.lock.RUnlock()
if etherbase != (common.Address{}) {
return etherbase, nil
}
return common.Address{}, errors.New("etherbase must be explicitly specified")
}
// isLocalBlock checks whether the specified block is mined
// by local miner accounts.
//
// We regard two types of accounts as local miner account: etherbase
// and accounts specified via `txpool.locals` flag.
func (s *Ethereum) isLocalBlock(header *types.Header) bool {
author, err := s.engine.Author(header)
if err != nil {
log.Warn("Failed to retrieve block author", "number", header.Number.Uint64(), "hash", header.Hash(), "err", err)
return false
}
// Check whether the given address is etherbase.
s.lock.RLock()
etherbase := s.etherbase
s.lock.RUnlock()
if author == etherbase {
return true
}
// Check whether the given address is specified by `txpool.local`
// CLI flag.
for _, account := range s.config.TxPool.Locals {
if account == author {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// shouldPreserve checks whether we should preserve the given block
// during the chain reorg depending on whether the author of block
// is a local account.
func (s *Ethereum) shouldPreserve(header *types.Header) bool {
// The reason we need to disable the self-reorg preserving for clique
// is it can be probable to introduce a deadlock.
//
// e.g. If there are 7 available signers
//
// r1 A
// r2 B
// r3 C
// r4 D
// r5 A [X] F G
// r6 [X]
//
// In the round5, the in-turn signer E is offline, so the worst case
// is A, F and G sign the block of round5 and reject the block of opponents
// and in the round6, the last available signer B is offline, the whole
// network is stuck.
if _, ok := s.engine.(*clique.Clique); ok {
return false
}
return s.isLocalBlock(header)
}
// SetEtherbase sets the mining reward address.
func (s *Ethereum) SetEtherbase(etherbase common.Address) {
s.lock.Lock()
s.etherbase = etherbase
s.lock.Unlock()
s.miner.SetEtherbase(etherbase)
}
// StartMining starts the miner with the given number of CPU threads. If mining
// is already running, this method adjust the number of threads allowed to use
// and updates the minimum price required by the transaction pool.
func (s *Ethereum) StartMining() error {
// If the miner was not running, initialize it
if !s.IsMining() {
// Propagate the initial price point to the transaction pool
s.lock.RLock()
price := s.gasPrice
s.lock.RUnlock()
s.txPool.SetGasTip(price)
// Configure the local mining address
eb, err := s.Etherbase()
if err != nil {
log.Error("Cannot start mining without etherbase", "err", err)
return fmt.Errorf("etherbase missing: %v", err)
}
var cli *clique.Clique
if c, ok := s.engine.(*clique.Clique); ok {
cli = c
} else if cl, ok := s.engine.(*beacon.Beacon); ok {
if c, ok := cl.InnerEngine().(*clique.Clique); ok {
cli = c
}
}
if cli != nil {
wallet, err := s.accountManager.Find(accounts.Account{Address: eb})
if wallet == nil || err != nil {
log.Error("Etherbase account unavailable locally", "err", err)
return fmt.Errorf("signer missing: %v", err)
}
cli.Authorize(eb, wallet.SignData)
}
// If mining is started, we can disable the transaction rejection mechanism
// introduced to speed sync times.
s.handler.enableSyncedFeatures()
go s.miner.Start()
}
return nil
}
// StopMining terminates the miner, both at the consensus engine level as well as
// at the block creation level.
func (s *Ethereum) StopMining() {
// Update the thread count within the consensus engine
type threaded interface {
SetThreads(threads int)
}
if th, ok := s.engine.(threaded); ok {
th.SetThreads(-1)
}
// Stop the block creating itself
s.miner.Stop()
}
func (s *Ethereum) IsMining() bool { return s.miner.Mining() }
func (s *Ethereum) Miner() *miner.Miner { return s.miner }
func (s *Ethereum) AccountManager() *accounts.Manager { return s.accountManager }
func (s *Ethereum) BlockChain() *core.BlockChain { return s.blockchain }
func (s *Ethereum) TxPool() *txpool.TxPool { return s.txPool }
func (s *Ethereum) EventMux() *event.TypeMux { return s.eventMux }
func (s *Ethereum) Engine() consensus.Engine { return s.engine }
func (s *Ethereum) ChainDb() ethdb.Database { return s.chainDb }
func (s *Ethereum) IsListening() bool { return true } // Always listening
func (s *Ethereum) Downloader() *downloader.Downloader { return s.handler.downloader }
func (s *Ethereum) Synced() bool { return s.handler.synced.Load() }
func (s *Ethereum) SetSynced() { s.handler.enableSyncedFeatures() }
func (s *Ethereum) ArchiveMode() bool { return s.config.NoPruning }
func (s *Ethereum) BloomIndexer() *core.ChainIndexer { return s.bloomIndexer }
func (s *Ethereum) Merger() *consensus.Merger { return s.merger }
func (s *Ethereum) SyncMode() downloader.SyncMode {
mode, _ := s.handler.chainSync.modeAndLocalHead()
return mode
}
// Protocols returns all the currently configured
// network protocols to start.
func (s *Ethereum) Protocols() []p2p.Protocol {
protos := eth.MakeProtocols((*ethHandler)(s.handler), s.networkID, s.ethDialCandidates)
if s.config.SnapshotCache > 0 {
protos = append(protos, snap.MakeProtocols((*snapHandler)(s.handler), s.snapDialCandidates)...)
}
return protos
}
// Start implements node.Lifecycle, starting all internal goroutines needed by the
// Ethereum protocol implementation.
func (s *Ethereum) Start() error {
eth.StartENRUpdater(s.blockchain, s.p2pServer.LocalNode())
// Start the bloom bits servicing goroutines
s.startBloomHandlers(params.BloomBitsBlocks)
// Regularly update shutdown marker
s.shutdownTracker.Start()
// Figure out a max peers count based on the server limits
maxPeers := s.p2pServer.MaxPeers
if s.config.LightServ > 0 {
if s.config.LightPeers >= s.p2pServer.MaxPeers {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid peer config: light peer count (%d) >= total peer count (%d)", s.config.LightPeers, s.p2pServer.MaxPeers)
}
maxPeers -= s.config.LightPeers
}
// Start the networking layer and the light server if requested
s.handler.Start(maxPeers)
return nil
}
// Stop implements node.Lifecycle, terminating all internal goroutines used by the
// Ethereum protocol.
func (s *Ethereum) Stop() error {
// Stop all the peer-related stuff first.
s.ethDialCandidates.Close()
s.snapDialCandidates.Close()
s.handler.Stop()
// Then stop everything else.
s.bloomIndexer.Close()
close(s.closeBloomHandler)
s.txPool.Close()
s.miner.Close()
s.blockchain.Stop()
s.engine.Close()
// Clean shutdown marker as the last thing before closing db
s.shutdownTracker.Stop()
s.chainDb.Close()
s.eventMux.Stop()
return nil
}