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<h1 id="java-多线程梳理"><a href="#java-多线程梳理" class="headerlink" title="java 多线程梳理"></a>java 多线程梳理</h1><p>start和run方法区别，start 方法开启一个新的线程区执行，run是当前线程发起。可以看jvm.cpp有一个jvm_startThread 的方法。</p>
<p>runnable 接口和thread 关系，runnable就是一个有run方法的接口而已。</p>
<p>线程的6个状态，new ，runnable，waiting ，timed-wating ，blocked，terminated</p>
<p>sleep只会让出cpu，wait会让出cpu和锁。 sleep只能和synchronized 结合使用。 </p>
<p>wait 和while经常一起使用为什么？不是wait 和if </p>
<p>构造一个固定大小的同步容器怎么实现？<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>使用condition ReentrantLock await() ，signalAll()；</p>
<p>Threadlocal 线程的局部变量！</p>
<p>内部的结构了解下</p>
<p>volatile 内存可见性，防止指令重排，内部是用内存屏障 保证。强制刷新到主内存的。</p>
<p>variable handle api jdk 9 需要看看。</p>
<h2 id="synchronized和lock"><a href="#synchronized和lock" class="headerlink" title="synchronized和lock"></a>synchronized和lock</h2><p>synchronized 底层是用对象头 mark word，实例数据，对齐填充</p>
<p>mark word 中存储 对象年龄，hashcode，锁类型，锁标位</p>
<p>preBlockPin 参数</p>
<p>自旋锁，自适应自旋锁，锁消除，锁粗化</p>
<p>一个线程在进入同步代码时候，默认进入偏向锁，同时修改mark word 扩大把当线程的id 设置成synchronized Markword 中的threadid，这样省去获取锁的时间。</p>
<p>当第二个线程加入锁竞争的时候，就会膨胀位轻量级锁00，如果有多个线程竞争，那么升级为重量级锁</p>
<p>synchronized 修饰普通方法是锁定this对象，修饰到静态方法是锁定class对象。</p>
<p>synchronized 是可重入锁，底层是jvm 命令monitor enter 和exit ，修饰到代码块是常量池ACC_SYNCHRONIZED标识修饰，如果发生异常jvm底层自动释放锁的。</p>
<p>ReentrantLock 可以替代synchronized ，发生异常需要手工释放锁。另外还有trylock方法尝试加锁，trylock（5，timeunit.second）</p>
<p>Unsafe.park 方法的</p>
<p>实现多路的通知，配合condition </p>
<p>Lock.lockinterrunptibly(); 打断另外线程占有的锁，从而响应中断操作。</p>
<p>还可以配合condition 结合使用，底层是AQS实现。 AQS是 CAS实现，可以通过构造方法构造是否为公平锁。</p>
<h2 id="理解-Java-对象头与-Monitor"><a href="#理解-Java-对象头与-Monitor" class="headerlink" title="理解 Java 对象头与 Monitor"></a>理解 Java 对象头与 Monitor</h2><p>jmm java 内存规范 </p>
<p>happen-before ，可见性，指令重排 </p>
<p>同步容器</p>
<p>CurrentLinkedQueue poll 拿数据</p>
<p>CurrentHashMap，currentSkipListMap，</p>
<p>有序的map </p>
<p>TreeMap 需要实现compare接口，SortedMap，LinkedMap</p>
<p>CopyOnWriteArrayList 写时复制 ，读效率高，写效率低</p>
<p>currentLinkedQueue 无界队列 offer ，peek拿不删 ，poll 拿出来删除</p>
<p>BlockingQueue put 和 take 方法都是阻塞的</p>
<p> LinkedBlockingQueue</p>
<p> ArrayBlockingQueue 有界队列 注意put 阻塞方法</p>
<p>DelayQueue 添加元素要实现Delayed 实现compare接口</p>
<p>transferQueue 先启动消费者，p发现有消费者直接消费，不用加入队列。 Transfer阻塞方法</p>
<p>SynchronusQueue 无容量队列，注意区分put阻塞 和add 二个方法，add 报错队列满。</p>
<h2 id="Executor接口"><a href="#Executor接口" class="headerlink" title="Executor接口"></a>Executor接口</h2><p>ExecutorService接口，submit等接口，runnable，callerable 接口，可以抛出checkedException 有返回值</p>
<p>Executors 操作Executor的工具类</p>
<p>ThreadPool 接口</p>
<p>Executors.newfixedThreadPool</p>
<p>Future 和FutureTask 后者包装了一个callable ，future.get() 阻塞future.isdone()</p>
<p>newCachedThreadPool 默认60s销毁，最大线程为Integer.maxValue</p>
<p>ScheduleThreadPool 4个参数，commnd ，时间，周期，time单位。</p>
<p>workingStealingPool 用forkJoinPool 实现</p>
<p>ForkJoinPool ForkJoinTask —》RecursiveTask（有返回值） 或者RecursiveAction （无）</p>
<p>对数据进行切分，执行fork方法</p>
<p>ThreadPoolExecutor 除了scheduleThreadPool其他的线程池都是拿它进行实现。</p>
<p>核心线程数，最大线程数，存活时间，存活时间单位，阻塞队列，拒绝策略</p>
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