Quine Relay

What this is

This is a Ruby program that generates Rust program that generates Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 18.04 "Bionic Beaver", you can perform the following steps.

1. Install all interpreters/compilers.

First, you have to type the following apt-get command to install all of them.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectc++ aspectj \
  asymptote ats2-lang bash bc bf bison bsdgames bsh clisp clojure cmake \
  cmake coffeescript dafny dc ecere-dev elixir emacs25 erlang f2c fish \
  flex fp-compiler fsharp g++ gap gawk gcc gdb gdc genius gforth \
  gfortran ghc ghostscript gnat gnu-smalltalk gnuplot gobjc golang gpt \
  gri groff groovy guile-2.0 gzip haxe icont iconx intercal iverilog \
  jasmin-sable jq julia ksh libgd-dev libpng-dev lisaac livescript llvm \
  lua5.3 m4 make maxima minizinc mlton mono-devel mono-mcs mono-vbnc \
  nasm neko nescc nickle nim node-typescript nodejs ocaml octave \
  open-cobol openjdk-8-jdk pari-gp parser3-cgi perl php-cli pike8.0 \
  python r-base rakudo ratfor rc regina-rexx ruby ruby-mustache rustc \
  scala scilab sed slsh spin squirrel3 swi-prolog tcl tcsh valac vim \
  xsltproc yabasic yorick zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libgd-dev groff flex bison
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sci
$ scilab -nwni -nb -f QR.sci > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ ./vendor/local/bin/spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sl
$ slsh QR.sl > QR.st
$ gst QR.st > QR.nut
$ squirrel QR.nut > QR.sml
$ mlton @MLton fixed-heap 200M -- QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ vbnc QR.vb && mono ./QR.exe > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ go run vendor/goaheui/main.go QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.cc
$ ag++ -o QR QR.cc && ./QR > QR.aj
$ ajc QR.aj && java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ bf -c500000 QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ mcs QR.cs && mono QR.exe > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dfy
$ dafny QR.dfy && mono QR.exe > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.ec
$ ecp -c QR.ec -o QR.sym && ecc -c QR.ec -o QR.c && ecs -console QR.sym QR.imp -o QR.main.ec &&
  ecp -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.sym && ecc -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.c &&
  gcc -o QR QR.c QR.main.c -lecereCOM && ./QR > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.fsx
$ fsharpc QR.fsx -o QR.exe && mono QR.exe > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.gpt
$ gpt -o QR QR.gpt && ./QR > QR.grass
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.gri
$ gri QR.gri > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.jl
$ julia QR.jl > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mac
$ maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn
$ mzn2fzn QR.mzn && fzn-gecode QR.fzn | solns2out --soln-sep '' QR.ozn > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.nc
$ nescc -o QR QR.nc && ./QR > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.nim
$ nim c QR.nim && ./QR > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && bf -c500000 QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.pike
$ pike QR.pike > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.ppt
$ ppt -d < QR.ppt > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may require huge memory to compile some files.

Arch Linux

Just install quine-relay-git from AUR and run quine-relay. Report any problems as comments to the AUR package or to the respective packages, if one of the many compilers should have issues.

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you are not using these Linux distributions, please find your way yourself. If you could do it, please let me know. Good luck.

Tested interpreter/compiler versions

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

#	language	ubuntu package	version
1	Ruby	ruby	1:2.3.3
2	Rust	rustc	1.22.1+dfsg1+llvm-0ubuntu2~17.10.2
3	Scala	scala	2.11.8-2
4	Scheme	guile-2.0	2.0.13+1-4
5	Scilab	scilab	5.5.2-4ubuntu2
6	sed	sed	4.4-1
7	Shakespeare	N/A	-
8	S-Lang	slsh	2.3.1-5ubuntu1
9	Smalltalk	gnu-smalltalk	3.2.5-1build3
10	Squirrel	squirrel3	3.1-4
11	Standard ML	mlton	20130715-3
12	Subleq	N/A	-
13	Tcl	tcl	8.6.0+9
14	tcsh	tcsh	6.20.00-7
15	Thue	N/A	-
16	TypeScript	node-typescript	2.5.2-1
17	Unlambda	N/A	-
18	Vala	valac	0.36.6-1
19	Velato	N/A	-
20	Verilog	iverilog	10.1-0.1build1
21	Vimscript	vim	2:8.0.0197-4ubuntu5
22	Visual Basic	mono-vbnc	4.0.1-1
23	Whitespace	N/A	-
24	XSLT	xsltproc	1.1.29-2.1ubuntu1
25	Yabasic	yabasic	1:2.78.2-2
26	Yorick	yorick	2.2.04+dfsg1-6build1
27	Zoem	zoem	11-166-1.2
28	zsh	zsh	5.2-5ubuntu1.2
29	A+	aplus-fsf	4.22.1-9
30	Ada	gnat	7ubuntu1
31	AFNIX	afnix	2.8.0-3
32	Aheui	N/A	-
33	ALGOL 68	algol68g	2.8-2
34	Ante	N/A	-
35	AspectC++	aspectc++	1:2.2+git20170823-1
36	AspectJ	aspectj	1.8.9-2
37	Asymptote	asymptote	2.41-2build1
38	ATS	ats2-lang	0.2.9-1
39	Awk	gawk	1:4.1.4+dfsg-1
40	bash	bash	4.4-5ubuntu1
41	bc	bc	1.06.95-9build2
42	BeanShell	bsh	2.0b4-18
43	Befunge	N/A	-
44	BLC8	N/A	-
45	Brainfuck	bf	20041219ubuntu5
46	C	gcc	4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
47	C++	g++	4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
48	C#	mono-mcs	4.6.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu1
49	Chef	N/A	-
50	Clojure	clojure	1.8.0-3
51	CMake	cmake	3.9.1-1
52	Cobol	open-cobol	1.1-2
53	CoffeeScript	coffeescript	1.10.0~dfsg-1
54	Common Lisp	clisp	1:2.49-10build1
55	D	gdc	4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
56	Dafny	dafny	1.9.7-1
57	dc	dc	1.06.95-9build2
58	eC	ecere-dev	0.44.15-1
59	Elixir	elixir	1.3.3-2
60	Emacs Lisp	emacs25	25.2+1-6
61	Erlang	erlang	1:20.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
62	F#	fsharp	4.0.0.4+dfsg2-2
63	FALSE	N/A	-
64	Flex	flex	2.6.1-1.3
65	Fish	fish	2.6.0-1
66	Forth	gforth	0.7.3+dfsg-4
67	FORTRAN77	f2c	20100827-3
68	Fortran90	gfortran	4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
69	GAP	gap	4r8p7-1
70	GDB	gdb	8.0.1-0ubuntu1
71	GEL (Genius)	genius	1.0.23-2
72	Gnuplot	gnuplot	5.0.7+dfsg1-1
73	Go	golang	2:1.8~1ubuntu1
74	GolfScript	N/A	-
75	G-Portugol	gpt	1.1-4
76	Grass	N/A	-
77	Gri	gri	2.12.26-1
78	Groovy	groovy	2.4.8-2
79	Gzip	gzip	1.6-5ubuntu1
80	Haskell	ghc	8.0.2-10
81	Haxe	haxe	1:3.4.2-1ubuntu1
82	Icon	icont, iconx	9.4.3-6ubuntu1
83	INTERCAL	intercal	30:0.30-1
84	Jasmin	jasmin-sable	2.5.0-1
85	Java	openjdk-8-jdk	8u162-b12-0ubuntu0.17.10.2
86	JavaScript	nodejs	6.11.4~dfsg-1ubuntu1
87	Jq	jq	1.5+dfsg-2
88	JSFuck	nodejs	6.11.4~dfsg-1ubuntu1
89	Julia	julia	0.4.7-7build2
90	ksh	ksh	93u+20120801-3.1ubuntu1
91	Lazy K	N/A	-
92	Lisaac	lisaac	1:0.39~rc1-3
93	LiveScript	livescript	1.5.0+dfsg-3build2
94	LLVM asm	llvm	1:4.0-37~exp3ubuntu1
95	LOLCODE	N/A	-
96	Lua	lua5.3	5.3.3-1
97	M4	m4	1.4.18-1
98	Makefile	make	4.1-9.1
99	Maxima	maxima	5.40.0-1
100	MiniZinc	minizinc	2.0.14+dfsg1-1
101	MSIL	mono-devel	4.6.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu1
102	Mustache	ruby-mustache	1.0.2-1
103	NASM	nasm	2.13.01-2
104	Neko	neko	2.1.0-4
105	nesC	nescc	1.3.5-1
106	Nickle	nickle	2.79-2
107	Nim	nim	0.17.2-1ubuntu1
108	Objective-C	gobjc	4:7.2.0-1ubuntu1
109	OCaml	ocaml	4.04.0-2ubuntu4
110	Octave	octave	4.2.1-2build1
111	Ook!	N/A	-
112	PARI/GP	pari-gp	2.9.3-1
113	Parser 3	parser3-cgi	3.4.5-2
114	Pascal	fp-compiler	3.0.2+dfsg-5ubuntu1
115	Perl 5	perl	5.26.0-8ubuntu1.1
116	Perl 6	rakudo	2017.06-1
117	PHP	php-cli	1:7.1+54ubuntu1
118	Piet	N/A	-
119	Pike	pike8.0	8.0.438-1
120	PostScript	ghostscript	9.21~dfsg+1-0ubuntu3
121	PPT (Punched tape)	bsdgames	2.17-25
122	Prolog	swi-prolog	7.4.2+dfsg-2
123	Promela (Spin)	spin	6.4.6+dfsg-2
124	Python	python	2.7.14-2ubuntu1
125	R	r-base	3.4.2-1ubuntu1
126	Ratfor	ratfor	1.0-16
127	rc	rc	1.7.4-1
128	REXX	regina-rexx	3.6-2.1

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository includes their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README in detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I published a book, "The world of obfuscated, esoteric, artistic programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and a uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques to write such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you could translate it to English and help me earn royalties.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the criteria for language inclusion in detail. (In short: please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

Q. Does it really work?

A.

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Do you try to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit into my display!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

A.

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.

---

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Yusuke Endoh (@mametter), @hirekoke

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.