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translate_qplot_base.Rd
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% Generated by roxygen2 (4.1.1): do not edit by hand
% Please edit documentation in R/translate-qplot-base.r
\name{translate_qplot_base}
\alias{translate_qplot_base}
\title{Translating between qplot and base graphics}
\description{
There are two types of graphics functions in base graphics, those that draw
complete graphics and those that add to existing graphics.
}
\details{
qplot() has been designed to mimic plot(), and can do the job of all other
high-level plotting commands. There are only two graph types from base
graphics that cannot be replicated with ggplot2: filled.contour() and
persp()
}
\examples{
\donttest{
# High-level plotting commands
x <- runif(10)
y <- 1:10
plot(x, y); dotchart(x, y)
qplot(x, y)
plot(x, y, type = "l")
qplot(x, y, geom = "line")
plot(x, y, type = "s")
qplot(x, y, geom = "step")
plot(x, y, type = "b")
qplot(x, y, geom = c("point", "line"))
boxplot(x, y)
qplot(x, y, geom = "boxplot")
hist(x)
qplot(x, geom = "histogram")
# cdplot(factor(x), y)
# qplot(x, fill = y, geom = "density", position = "fill")
# coplot(y ~ x | a + b)
# qplot(x, y, facets = a ~ b)
# Many of the geoms are parameterised differently than base graphics. For
# example, hist() is parameterised in terms of the number of bins, while
# geom_histogram() is parameterised in terms of the width of each bin.
hist(x, bins = 10)
qplot(x, geom = "histogram", binwidth = .1)
# qplot() often requires data in a slightly different format to the base
# graphics functions. For example, the bar geom works with untabulated data,
# not tabulated data like barplot(); the tile and contour geoms expect data
# in a data frame, not a matrix like image() and contour().
barplot(table(x))
qplot(x, geom = "bar")
barplot(x)
qplot(seq_along(x), x, geom = "bar", stat = "identity")
# image(x)
# qplot(X1, X2, data = melt(x), geom = "tile", fill = value)
# contour(x)
# qplot(X1, X2, data = melt(x), geom = "contour", fill = value)
# Generally, the base graphics functions work with individual vectors, not
# data frames like ggplot2. qplot() will try to construct a data frame if one
# is not specified, but it is not always possible. If you get strange errors,
# you may need to create the data frame yourself.
df <- data.frame(x = x, y = y)
with(df, plot(x, y))
qplot(x, y, data = df)
# By default, qplot() maps values to aesthetics with a scale. To override
# this behaviour and set aesthetics, overriding the defaults, you need to use I().
plot(x, y, col = "red", cex = 1)
qplot(x, y, colour = I("red"), size = I(1))
# Low-level drawing
# The low-level drawing functions which add to an existing plot are equivalent
# to adding a new layer in ggplot2.
# Base function ggplot2 layer
# curve() geom_curve()
# hline() geom_hline()
# lines() geom_line()
# points() geom_point()
# polygon() geom_polygon()
# rect() geom_rect()
# rug() geom_rug()
# segments() geom_segment()
# text() geom_text()
# vline() geom_vline()
# abline(lm(y ~ x)) geom_smooth(method = "lm")
# lines(density(x)) geom_density()
# lines(loess(x, y)) geom_smooth()
plot(x, y)
lines(x, y)
qplot(x, y) + geom_line()
# Or, building up piece-meal
qplot(x, y)
last_plot() + geom_line()
# Legends, axes and grid lines
# In ggplot2, the appearance of legends and axes is controlled by the scales.
# Axes are produced by the x and y scales, while all other scales produce legends.
# See ?theme for help changing the appearance of axes and legends.
# The appearance of grid lines is controlled by the grid.major and grid.minor
# theme options, and their position by the breaks of the x and y scales.
# Colour palettes
# Instead of global colour palettes, ggplot2 has scales for individual plots. Much
# of the time you can rely on the default colour scale (which has somewhat better
# perceptual properties), but if you want to reuse an existing colour palette, you
# can use scale_colour_manual(). You will need to make sure that the colour
# is a factor for this to work.
palette(rainbow(5))
plot(1:5, 1:5, col = 1:5, pch = 19, cex = 4)
qplot(1:5, 1:5, col = factor(1:5), size = I(4))
last_plot() + scale_colour_manual(values = rainbow(5))
# In ggplot2, you can also use palettes with continuous values,
# with intermediate values being linearly interpolated.
qplot(0:100, 0:100, col = 0:100, size = I(4)) +
scale_colour_gradientn(colours = rainbow(7))
last_plot() + scale_colour_gradientn(colours = terrain.colors(7))
# Graphical parameters
# The majority of par settings have some analogue within the theme system, or
# in the defaults of the geoms and scales. The appearance plot border drawn
# by box() can be controlled in a similar way by the panel.background and
# plot.background theme elements. Instead of using title(), the plot title is
# set with the title option. See ?theme for more theme elements.
last_plot() + labs(title = "My Plot Title")
}
}