Fortran was designed from the ground up to naturally and simply translate mathematics to code that compiles and runs at maximum speed. And being specifically targeted for such fundamentally computational tasks, it contains a broad range of key functionality within the language itself, standard across all platforms, with no need for external libraries that may or may not be well optimized or maintained, at present or down the road.
Some highlights:
- Multidimensional arrays which can be allocated and indexed as the math/science dictates (not restricted to start at 0 or 1) and can be sliced as desired (as, e.g., in MATLAB);
- Operators which operate naturally upon the aforementioned arrays/matrices, as they do scalars;
- Complex numbers;
- Special functions;
- Structures and pointers for more general data representation.
Because the essentials are contained in the language itself, it is simple to read and write, without need of choosing from among or deciphering a proliferation of external classes to do the same thing. And because the essentials are self-contained, compilers can provide detailed compile-time (e.g., argument mismatch) and run-time (e.g., memory access) checks, as well as highly optimized executables, directly from natural, readable code without need of extensive optimization heroics by the developer.
See our blog posts for more information:
Fortran is relatively quick to learn because it is so much simpler and smaller than C/C++ (in practice, that is, with all needed libraries included). If you are interested in learning more, please see our webpage at fortran90.org with recommended practices for writing code, side by side comparison with Python/NumPy, links to other online Fortran resources and books, and an FAQ.