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:mod:`random` -- generate random numbers

.. module:: random
   :synopsis: random numbers

This module implements a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG).

|see_cpython_module| :mod:`python:random` .

Note

The following notation is used for intervals:

  • () are open interval brackets and do not include their endpoints. For example, (0, 1) means greater than 0 and less than 1. In set notation: (0, 1) = {x | 0 < x < 1}.
  • [] are closed interval brackets which include all their limit points. For example, [0, 1] means greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. In set notation: [0, 1] = {x | 0 <= x <= 1}.

Note

The :func:`randrange`, :func:`randint` and :func:`choice` functions are only available if the MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_EXTRA_FUNCS configuration option is enabled.

Functions for integers

.. function:: getrandbits(n)

    Return an integer with *n* random bits (0 <= n <= 32).


.. function:: randint(a, b)

    Return a random integer in the range [*a*, *b*].


.. function:: randrange(stop)
              randrange(start, stop)
              randrange(start, stop[, step])

    The first form returns a random integer from the range [0, *stop*).
    The second form returns a random integer from the range [*start*, *stop*).
    The third form returns a random integer from the range [*start*, *stop*) in
    steps of *step*.  For instance, calling ``randrange(1, 10, 2)`` will
    return odd numbers between 1 and 9 inclusive.

Functions for floats

.. function:: random()

    Return a random floating point number in the range [0.0, 1.0).


.. function:: uniform(a, b)

    Return a random floating point number N such that *a* <= N <= *b* for *a* <= *b*,
    and *b* <= N <= *a* for *b* < *a*.

Other Functions

.. function:: seed(n=None, /)

    Initialise the random number generator module with the seed *n* which should
    be an integer.  When no argument (or ``None``) is passed in it will (if
    supported by the port) initialise the PRNG with a true random number
    (usually a hardware generated random number).

    The ``None`` case only works if ``MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_SEED_INIT_FUNC`` is
    enabled by the port, otherwise it raises ``ValueError``.


.. function:: choice(sequence)

    Chooses and returns one item at random from *sequence* (tuple, list or
    any object that supports the subscript operation).