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This file gives an overview of what is necessary to build binary releases for NumPy.

Current build and release info

The current info on building and releasing NumPy and SciPy is scattered in several places. It should be summarized in one place, updated, and where necessary described in more detail. The sections below list all places where useful info can be found.

Source tree

  • INSTALL.rst.txt
  • release.sh
  • pavement.py

NumPy Docs

SciPy.org wiki

Doc wiki

Release Scripts

Supported platforms and versions

NEP 29 outlines which Python versions are supported; For the first half of 2020, this will be Python >= 3.6. We test NumPy against all these versions every time we merge code to master. Binary installers may be available for a subset of these versions (see below).

OS X

OS X versions >= 10.9 are supported, for Python version support see NEP 29. We build binary wheels for OSX that are compatible with Python.org Python, system Python, homebrew and macports - see this OSX wheel building summary for details.

Windows

We build 32- and 64-bit wheels on Windows. Windows 7, 8 and 10 are supported. We build NumPy using the mingw-w64 toolchain on Appveyor.

Linux

We build and ship manylinux1 wheels for NumPy. Many Linux distributions include their own binary builds of NumPy.

BSD / Solaris

No binaries are provided, but successful builds on Solaris and BSD have been reported.

Tool chain

We build all our wheels on cloud infrastructure - so this list of compilers is for information and debugging builds locally. See the .travis.yml and appveyor.yml scripts in the numpy wheels repo for the definitive source of the build recipes. Packages that are available using pip are noted.

Compilers

The same gcc version is used as the one with which Python itself is built on each platform. At the moment this means:

  • OS X builds on travis currently use clang. It appears that binary wheels for OSX >= 10.6 can be safely built from the travis-ci OSX 10.9 VMs when building against the Python from the Python.org installers;
  • Windows builds use the mingw-w64 toolchain;
  • Manylinux1 wheels use the gcc provided on the Manylinux docker images.

You will need Cython for building the binaries. Cython compiles the .pyx files in the NumPy distribution to .c files.

OpenBLAS

All the wheels link to a version of OpenBLAS supplied via the openblas-libs repo. The shared object (or DLL) is shipped with in the wheel, renamed to prevent name collisions with other OpenBLAS shared objects that may exist in the filesystem.

Building source archives and wheels

You will need write permission for numpy-wheels in order to trigger wheel builds.

Building docs

Building the documents requires a number of latex .sty files. Install them all to avoid aggravation.

  • Sphinx (pip)
  • numpydoc (pip)
  • Matplotlib
  • Texlive (or MikTeX on Windows)

Uploading to PyPI

Generating author/pr lists

You will need a personal access token https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-personal-access-token-for-the-command-line/ so that scripts can access the github NumPy repository.

  • gitpython (pip)
  • pygithub (pip)

Virtualenv

Virtualenv is a very useful tool to keep several versions of packages around. It is also used in the Paver script to build the docs.

What is released

Wheels

We currently support Python 3.6-3.8 on Windows, OSX, and Linux

  • Windows: 32-bit and 64-bit wheels built using Appveyor;
  • OSX: x64_86 OSX wheels built using travis-ci;
  • Linux: 32-bit and 64-bit Manylinux1 wheels built using travis-ci.

See the numpy wheels building repository for more detail.

Other

  • Release Notes
  • Changelog

Source distribution

We build source releases in both .zip and .tar.gz formats.

Release process

Agree on a release schedule

A typical release schedule is one beta, two release candidates and a final release. It's best to discuss the timing on the mailing list first, in order for people to get their commits in on time, get doc wiki edits merged, etc. After a date is set, create a new maintenance/x.y.z branch, add new empty release notes for the next version in the master branch and update the Trac Milestones.

Make sure current branch builds a package correctly

git clean -fxd
python setup.py bdist
python setup.py sdist

To actually build the binaries after everything is set up correctly, the release.sh script can be used. For details of the build process itself, it is best to read the pavement.py script.

Note

The following steps are repeated for the beta(s), release candidates(s) and the final release.

Check deprecations

Before the release branch is made, it should be checked that all deprecated code that should be removed is actually removed, and all new deprecations say in the docstring or deprecation warning at what version the code will be removed.

Check the C API version number

The C API version needs to be tracked in three places

  • numpy/core/setup_common.py
  • numpy/core/code_generators/cversions.txt
  • numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h

There are three steps to the process.

  1. If the API has changed, increment the C_API_VERSION in setup_common.py. The API is unchanged only if any code compiled against the current API will be backward compatible with the last released NumPy version. Any changes to C structures or additions to the public interface will make the new API not backward compatible.

  2. If the C_API_VERSION in the first step has changed, or if the hash of the API has changed, the cversions.txt file needs to be updated. To check the hash, run the script numpy/core/cversions.py and note the API hash that is printed. If that hash does not match the last hash in numpy/core/code_generators/cversions.txt the hash has changed. Using both the appropriate C_API_VERSION and hash, add a new entry to cversions.txt. If the API version was not changed, but the hash differs, you will need to comment out the previous entry for that API version. For instance, in NumPy 1.9 annotations were added, which changed the hash, but the API was the same as in 1.8. The hash serves as a check for API changes, but it is not definitive.

    If steps 1 and 2 are done correctly, compiling the release should not give a warning "API mismatch detect at the beginning of the build".

  3. The numpy/core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h will need a new NPY_X_Y_API_VERSION macro, where X and Y are the major and minor version numbers of the release. The value given to that macro only needs to be increased from the previous version if some of the functions or macros in the include files were deprecated.

The C ABI version number in numpy/core/setup_common.py should only be updated for a major release.

Check the release notes

Use towncrier to build the release note and commit the changes. This will remove all the fragments from doc/release/upcoming_changes and add doc/release/<version>-note.rst. Note that currently towncrier must be installed from its master branch as the last release (19.2.0) is outdated.

towncrier --version "<version>" git commit -m"Create release note"

Check that the release notes are up-to-date.

Update the release notes with a Highlights section. Mention some of the following:

  • major new features
  • deprecated and removed features
  • supported Python versions
  • for SciPy, supported NumPy version(s)
  • outlook for the near future

Update the release status and create a release "tag"

Identify the commit hash of the release, e.g. 1b2e1d63ff.

::
git co 1b2e1d63ff # gives warning about detached head

First, change/check the following variables in pavement.py depending on the release version:

RELEASE_NOTES = 'doc/release/1.7.0-notes.rst'
LOG_START = 'v1.6.0'
LOG_END = 'maintenance/1.7.x'

Do any other changes. When you are ready to release, do the following changes:

diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index b1f53e3..8b36dbe 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ PLATFORMS           = ["Windows", "Linux", "Solaris", "Mac OS-
 MAJOR               = 1
 MINOR               = 7
 MICRO               = 0
-ISRELEASED          = False
+ISRELEASED          = True
 VERSION             = '%d.%d.%drc1' % (MAJOR, MINOR, MICRO)

 # Return the git revision as a string

And make sure the VERSION variable is set properly.

Now you can make the release commit and tag. We recommend you don't push the commit or tag immediately, just in case you need to do more cleanup. We prefer to defer the push of the tag until we're confident this is the exact form of the released code (see: :ref:`push-tag-and-commit`):

git commit -s -m "REL: Release." setup.py git tag -s <version>

The -s flag makes a PGP (usually GPG) signed tag. Please do sign the release tags.

The release tag should have the release number in the annotation (tag message). Unfortunately, the name of a tag can be changed without breaking the signature, the contents of the message cannot.

See: scipy/scipy#4919 for a discussion of signing release tags, and https://keyring.debian.org/creating-key.html for instructions on creating a GPG key if you do not have one.

To make your key more readily identifiable as you, consider sending your key to public keyservers, with a command such as:

gpg --send-keys <yourkeyid>

Update the version of the master branch

Increment the release number in setup.py. Release candidates should have "rc1" (or "rc2", "rcN") appended to the X.Y.Z format.

Also create a new version hash in cversions.txt and a corresponding version define NPY_x_y_API_VERSION in numpyconfig.h

Trigger the wheel builds on travis-ci and Appveyor

See the numpy wheels repository.

In that repository edit the files:

  • .travis.yml;
  • appveyor.yml.

In both cases, set the BUILD_COMMIT variable to the current release tag - e.g. v1.11.1.

Make sure that the release tag has been pushed.

Trigger a build by doing a commit of your edits to .travis.yml and appveyor.yml to the repository:

cd /path/to/numpy-wheels
# Edit .travis.yml, appveyor.yml
git commit
git push

The wheels, once built, appear at a Rackspace container pointed at by:

The HTTP address may update first, and you should wait 15 minutes after the build finishes before fetching the binaries.

Make the release

Build the changelog and notes for upload with:

paver write_release

Build and archive documentation

Do:

cd doc/
make dist

to check that the documentation is in a buildable state. Then, after tagging, create an archive of the documentation in the numpy/doc repo:

# This checks out github.com/numpy/doc and adds (``git add``) the
# documentation to the checked out repo.
make merge-doc
# Now edit the ``index.html`` file in the repo to reflect the new content,
# and commit the changes
git -C build/merge commit -am "Add documentation for <version>"
# Push to numpy/doc repo
git -C build/merge push

Update PyPI

The wheels and source should be uploaded to PyPI.

You should upload the wheels first, and the source formats last, to make sure that pip users don't accidentally get a source install when they were expecting a binary wheel.

You can do this automatically using the wheel-uploader script from https://github.com/MacPython/terryfy. Here is the recommended incantation for downloading all the Windows, Manylinux, OSX wheels and uploading to PyPI.

NPY_WHLS=~/wheelhouse   # local directory to cache wheel downloads
CDN_URL=https://3f23b170c54c2533c070-1c8a9b3114517dc5fe17b7c3f8c63a43.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com
wheel-uploader -u $CDN_URL -w $NPY_WHLS -v -s -t win numpy 1.11.1rc1
wheel-uploader -u $CDN_URL -w warehouse -v -s -t macosx numpy 1.11.1rc1
wheel-uploader -u $CDN_URL -w warehouse -v -s -t manylinux1 numpy 1.11.1rc1

The -v flag gives verbose feedback, -s causes the script to sign the wheels with your GPG key before upload. Don't forget to upload the wheels before the source tarball, so there is no period for which people switch from an expected binary install to a source install from PyPI.

There are two ways to update the source release on PyPI, the first one is:

$ git clean -fxd  # to be safe
$ python setup.py sdist --formats=gztar,zip  # to check
# python setup.py sdist --formats=gztar,zip upload --sign

This will ask for your key PGP passphrase, in order to sign the built source packages.

The second way is to upload the PKG_INFO file inside the sdist dir in the web interface of PyPI. The source tarball can also be uploaded through this interface.

Push the release tag and commit

Finally, now you are confident this tag correctly defines the source code that you released you can push the tag and release commit up to github:

git push  # Push release commit
git push upstream <version>  # Push tag named <version>

where upstream points to the main https://github.com/numpy/numpy.git repository.

Update scipy.org

A release announcement with a link to the download site should be placed in the sidebar of the front page of scipy.org.

The scipy.org should be a PR at https://github.com/scipy/scipy.org. The file that needs modification is www/index.rst. Search for News.

Announce to the lists

The release should be announced on the mailing lists of NumPy and SciPy, to python-announce, and possibly also those of Matplotlib, IPython and/or Pygame.

During the beta/RC phase, an explicit request for testing the binaries with several other libraries (SciPy/Matplotlib/Pygame) should be posted on the mailing list.

Announce to Linux Weekly News

Email the editor of LWN to let them know of the release. Directions at: https://lwn.net/op/FAQ.lwn#contact

After the final release

After the final release is announced, a few administrative tasks are left to be done:

  • Forward port changes in the release branch to release notes and release scripts, if any, to master branch.
  • Update the Milestones in Trac.