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Spell book

Various tricks, snippets, commands for doing things.

Manjaro package management

Check what package a file belongs to pacman -Qo

Check updateable packages pacman -Qu

Show value of an option in Tmux

:show -A <option name> More info

Adding a program to autostart

Find it's .desktop file (pacman -Fl caffeine-ng | grep .desktop) and copy it ~/.config/autostart.

Filesystem management

setup LUKS1-type partition sudo cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks1 /dev/drive

backup LUKS headers sudo cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup --header-backup-file backup-location /dev/nvme0n1p5

closing LVM and LUKS container sudo vgchange -a n vg0 && sudo cryptsetup close cryptdisk

LVM: resize a filesystem

  • sudo lvm lvscan to get the volumes, let's say it's /dev/data/root
  • sudo e2fsck -f /dev/data/root
  • sudo resize2fs -P /dev/data/root 75G (last bit is the size)

Shrink LVM container inside a LUKS container https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Resizing_LVM-on-LUKS#Resize_LVM_physical_Volume

  • [find $LV and $VG]
  • sudo lvs

  • the units here are gibibytes!

  • sudo lvresize -L 68G --resizefs $VG/$LV

  • [optionally] defragment the PV: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/193971

  • TODO maybe a reload is needed here? sudo lvm pvscan shows nice values

  • sudo pvdisplay <opened luks partition, e.g. "/dev/mapper/crypt_pop_os">
  • NEW_VOLUME_BYTES = 4* PE_SIZE * TOTAL_PE + UNUSABLE_SIZE

  • if shrinking, calculate the size you want in mebibytes (this is safe, won't let you go below what's taken)

  • sudo pvresize --setphysicalvolumesize 69619M

  • get luks sector size

  • sudo cryptsetup status crypt_pop_os

  • figure out the bytes to give to cryptsetup

  • sudo pvdisplay /dev/mapper/crypt_pop_os
  • NEW_LUKS_SECTOR_COUNT = TOTAL PE * PE Size [BYTES] / LUKS_SECTOR_SIZE [BYTES]

  • close the LVM

  • sudo vgchange -a n data

  • change the LUKS sector count

  • sudo cryptsetup -b $NEW_LUKS_SECTOR_COUNT resize crypt_pop_os

  • closing the luks container

  • sudo cryptsetup close crypt_pop_os

  • resize partition

  • sudo parted /dev/nvme0n1

    unit s p[rint]

    sectors are NEW_LUKS_SECTOR_COUNT + offset sectors from "cryptsetup status"

    NEW_PARTITION_SECTOR_END = PARTITION_SECTOR_START + NEW_LUKS_SECTOR_COUNT - 1

    resizepart 3 NEW_PARTITION_SECTOR_END

Move a partition (100 MiB backwards) echo '+100M,' | sudo sfdisk --move-data /dev/nvme0n1 -N 3

Grow partition to take up the unallocated space after it echo ", +" | ./sfdisk -N 1 /dev/sdc

Convert a set of images into a PDF

convert <image paths> output.pdf or magick convert <image paths> output.pdf convert / magick is part of imagemagick

Check open ports / sockets

ss

iptables, IP forwarding

nftables

WiFi CLI

iw

Drive diagnostics

sudo smartctl -a <drive device>

Enabling Toggl Track integration with Trello, Gitlab, Github

Has to be done for every synced Brave instance, it seems. Toggl extension installed in the browser as an extension. Open extension settings for Toggl, enable Trello, Gitlab, Github.

EFI boot management

efibootmgr -v - show boot options sudo efibootmgr --delete-bootnum --bootnum 0000 - removing a boot option sudo efibootmgr --bootorder 0007,0009,0002,0001,0004,0000 - boot order

SSH port tunnelling

access port on the remote host from local port ssh <user>@<address> -N -L <local port>:localhost:<port on remote machine>

allow for remote host to access a local port ssh -f -N <user>@<address> -R <remote port>:localhost:<local port>

Play a sound

canberra-gtk-play -i bell

Connect to a WiFi network

nmcli device wifi connect

Check the active graphics card

lspci -vnnn | grep "VGA controller"

Systemd service running a single command, created for the user

Create ~/.config/systemd/user/a-service.service:

[Unit]
Description=Disable Gnome's toolkit-accessibility to prevent QT apps from freezing the desktop
After=graphical.targer

[Service]
Type=oneshot
# the service will be marked as healthy after its process exits
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface toolkit-accessibility false"

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Enable it: systemctl --user enable a-service.service

Operating Borg backup

# Create the backup repo from an empty folder:
mkdir ${BACKUP_REPO_DIRECTORY}
borg init ${BACKUP_REPO_DIRECTORY} --encryption repokey
# save the key from here to password manager (e.g. KeePassXC), or to encrypted Git repo (e.g. Keybase Git repo)
borg key export ${BACKUP_REPO_DIRECTORY}
borg create --stats --progress \
    "${BACKUP_REPO_DIRECTORY}::$(date --iso-8601=seconds --utc)-${BACKUP_REPO_NAME}" ${DIR_TO_BACKUP}

Check battery health

# first check available batteries
upower -e
# then check, for example
upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0

Git - using custom SSH key and user for a repo

GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_priv -o IdentitiesOnly=yes' git clone [email protected]:butla/bultrowicz.com
git config --local core.sshCommand "/usr/bin/ssh -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -i /home/butla/.ssh/id_rsa_priv"
git config --local user.email "[email protected]"

Find media/photo files older alphabetically lower than (older) than a file

from pathlib import Path
import shutil

src = Path('src_dir')
dest = Path('dest_dir')

older = sorted([p for p in src.iterdir() if (p.suffix.lower() in ('.mp4', '.jpg', '.xmp')) and p.name < '20230310'])
for older_media_file in older:
    shutil.move(older_media_file, dest)

Setting battery charge thresholds

Change /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_control_start_threshold and /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_control_end_threshold.

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-set-battery-charge-thresholds-on-linux

My original values: start - 90, end - 100