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dir.c
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/**********************************************************************
dir.c -
$Author$
created at: Wed Jan 5 09:51:01 JST 1994
Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
**********************************************************************/
#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include "ruby/encoding.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#if defined HAVE_DIRENT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <dirent.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#elif defined HAVE_DIRECT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <direct.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#else
# define dirent direct
# if !defined __NeXT__
# define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
# else
# /* On some versions of NextStep, d_namlen is always zero, so avoid it. */
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
# endif
# if HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
# include <sys/ndir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
# include <sys/dir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_NDIR_H
# include <ndir.h>
# endif
# ifdef _WIN32
# include "win32/dir.h"
# endif
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H
char *getenv();
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_STRING_H
char *strchr(char*,char);
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
#include "ruby/util.h"
#if !defined HAVE_LSTAT && !defined lstat
#define lstat stat
#endif
#define FNM_NOESCAPE 0x01
#define FNM_PATHNAME 0x02
#define FNM_DOTMATCH 0x04
#define FNM_CASEFOLD 0x08
#if CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM
#define FNM_SYSCASE FNM_CASEFOLD
#else
#define FNM_SYSCASE 0
#endif
#define FNM_NOMATCH 1
#define FNM_ERROR 2
# define Next(p, e, enc) (p + rb_enc_mbclen(p, e, enc))
# define Inc(p, e, enc) ((p) = Next(p, e, enc))
static int
char_casecmp(const char *p1, const char *p2, rb_encoding *enc, const int nocase)
{
const char *p1end, *p2end;
unsigned int c1, c2;
if (!*p1 || !*p2) return !!*p1 - !!*p2;
p1end = p1 + strlen(p1);
p2end = p2 + strlen(p2);
c1 = rb_enc_codepoint(p1, p1end, enc);
c2 = rb_enc_codepoint(p2, p2end, enc);
if (c1 == c2) return 0;
if (nocase) {
c1 = rb_enc_toupper(c1, enc);
c2 = rb_enc_toupper(c2, enc);
}
return c1 - c2;
}
static char *
bracket(
const char *p, /* pattern (next to '[') */
const char *s, /* string */
int flags,
rb_encoding *enc)
{
const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
int ok = 0, not = 0;
if (*p == '!' || *p == '^') {
not = 1;
p++;
}
while (*p != ']') {
const char *t1 = p;
if (escape && *t1 == '\\')
t1++;
if (!*t1)
return NULL;
p = Next(t1, pend, enc);
if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
const char *t2 = p + 1;
if (escape && *t2 == '\\')
t2++;
if (!*t2)
return NULL;
p = Next(t2, pend, enc);
if (!ok && char_casecmp(t1, s, enc, nocase) <= 0 && char_casecmp(s, t2, enc, nocase) <= 0)
ok = 1;
}
else
if (!ok && char_casecmp(t1, s, enc, nocase) == 0)
ok = 1;
}
return ok == not ? NULL : (char *)p + 1;
}
/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (upto '/' or '\0')
Otherwise, entire string will be matched.
End marker itself won't be compared.
And if function succeeds, *pcur reaches end marker.
*/
#define UNESCAPE(p) (escape && *(p) == '\\' ? (p) + 1 : (p))
#define ISEND(p) (!*(p) || (pathname && *(p) == '/'))
#define RETURN(val) return *pcur = p, *scur = s, (val);
static int
fnmatch_helper(
const char **pcur, /* pattern */
const char **scur, /* string */
int flags,
rb_encoding *enc)
{
const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;
const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
const char *ptmp = 0;
const char *stmp = 0;
const char *p = *pcur;
const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
const char *s = *scur;
const char *send = s + strlen(s);
if (period && *s == '.' && *UNESCAPE(p) != '.') /* leading period */
RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
while (1) {
switch (*p) {
case '*':
do { p++; } while (*p == '*');
if (ISEND(UNESCAPE(p))) {
p = UNESCAPE(p);
RETURN(0);
}
if (ISEND(s))
RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
ptmp = p;
stmp = s;
continue;
case '?':
if (ISEND(s))
RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
p++;
Inc(s, send, enc);
continue;
case '[': {
const char *t;
if (ISEND(s))
RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
if ((t = bracket(p + 1, s, flags, enc)) != 0) {
p = t;
Inc(s, send, enc);
continue;
}
goto failed;
}
}
/* ordinary */
p = UNESCAPE(p);
if (ISEND(s))
RETURN(ISEND(p) ? 0 : FNM_NOMATCH);
if (ISEND(p))
goto failed;
if (char_casecmp(p, s, enc, nocase) != 0)
goto failed;
Inc(p, pend, enc);
Inc(s, send, enc);
continue;
failed: /* try next '*' position */
if (ptmp && stmp) {
p = ptmp;
Inc(stmp, send, enc); /* !ISEND(*stmp) */
s = stmp;
continue;
}
RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
}
}
static int
fnmatch(
const char *pattern,
rb_encoding *enc,
const char *string,
int flags)
{
const char *p = pattern;
const char *s = string;
const char *send = s + strlen(string);
const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;
const char *ptmp = 0;
const char *stmp = 0;
if (pathname) {
while (1) {
if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
do { p += 3; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
ptmp = p;
stmp = s;
}
if (fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc) == 0) {
while (*s && *s != '/') Inc(s, send, enc);
if (*p && *s) {
p++;
s++;
continue;
}
if (!*p && !*s)
return 0;
}
/* failed : try next recursion */
if (ptmp && stmp && !(period && *stmp == '.')) {
while (*stmp && *stmp != '/') Inc(stmp, send, enc);
if (*stmp) {
p = ptmp;
stmp++;
s = stmp;
continue;
}
}
return FNM_NOMATCH;
}
}
else
return fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc);
}
VALUE rb_cDir;
struct dir_data {
DIR *dir;
VALUE path;
rb_encoding *enc;
};
static void
mark_dir(struct dir_data *dir)
{
rb_gc_mark(dir->path);
}
static void
free_dir(struct dir_data *dir)
{
if (dir) {
if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
}
xfree(dir);
}
static VALUE dir_close(VALUE);
static VALUE
dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, mark_dir, free_dir, dirp);
dirp->dir = NULL;
dirp->path = Qnil;
dirp->enc = NULL;
return obj;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
*
* Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
*/
static VALUE
dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dp;
rb_encoding *fsenc;
VALUE dirname, opt;
static VALUE sym_enc;
if (!sym_enc) {
sym_enc = ID2SYM(rb_intern("encoding"));
}
fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &dirname, &opt);
if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
VALUE v, enc=Qnil;
opt = rb_convert_type(opt, T_HASH, "Hash", "to_hash");
v = rb_hash_aref(opt, sym_enc);
if (!NIL_P(v)) enc = v;
if (!NIL_P(enc)) {
fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
}
}
FilePathValue(dirname);
Data_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, dp);
if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
dp->dir = NULL;
dp->path = Qnil;
dp->enc = fsenc;
dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
if (dp->dir == NULL) {
if (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE) {
rb_gc();
dp->dir = opendir(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
}
if (dp->dir == NULL) {
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(dirname));
}
}
dp->path = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
return dir;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.open( string ) => aDir
* Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } => anObject
*
* With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for
* <code>Dir::new</code>. If a block is present, it is passed
* <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of
* the block, and <code>Dir::open</code> returns the value of the
* block.
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
struct dir_data *dp;
VALUE dir = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, mark_dir, free_dir, dp);
dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
}
return dir;
}
static void
dir_closed(void)
{
rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closed directory");
}
static void
dir_check(VALUE dir)
{
if (!OBJ_UNTRUSTED(dir) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: operation on trusted Dir");
rb_check_frozen(dir);
}
#define GetDIR(obj, dirp) do {\
dir_check(dir);\
Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct dir_data, dirp);\
if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();\
} while (0)
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.inspect => string
*
* Return a string describing this Dir object.
*/
static VALUE
dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
Data_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, dirp);
if (!NIL_P(dirp->path)) {
const char *c = rb_obj_classname(dir);
return rb_sprintf("#<%s:%s>", c, RSTRING_PTR(dirp->path));
}
return rb_funcall(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.path => string or nil
*
* Returns the path parameter passed to <em>dir</em>'s constructor.
*
* d = Dir.new("..")
* d.path #=> ".."
*/
static VALUE
dir_path(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
Data_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, dirp);
if (NIL_P(dirp->path)) return Qnil;
return rb_str_dup(dirp->path);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.read => string or nil
*
* Reads the next entry from <em>dir</em> and returns it as a string.
* Returns <code>nil</code> at the end of the stream.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir")
* d.read #=> "."
* d.read #=> ".."
* d.read #=> "config.h"
*/
static VALUE
dir_read(VALUE dir)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
# define READDIR(dir, enc) rb_w32_readdir_with_enc(dir, enc)
#else
# define READDIR(dir, enc) readdir(dir)
#endif
struct dir_data *dirp;
struct dirent *dp;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
errno = 0;
dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc);
if (dp) {
return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
}
else if (errno == 0) { /* end of stream */
return Qnil;
}
else {
rb_sys_fail(0);
}
return Qnil; /* not reached */
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.each { |filename| block } => dir
*
* Calls the block once for each entry in this directory, passing the
* filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir")
* d.each {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
*
* <em>produces:</em>
*
* Got .
* Got ..
* Got config.h
* Got main.rb
*/
static VALUE
dir_each(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
struct dirent *dp;
RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
rewinddir(dirp->dir);
for (dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc); dp != NULL; dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) {
rb_yield(rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc));
if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
}
return dir;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.pos => integer
* dir.tell => integer
*
* Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also
* <code>Dir#seek</code>.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir")
* d.tell #=> 0
* d.read #=> "."
* d.tell #=> 12
*/
static VALUE
dir_tell(VALUE dir)
{
#ifdef HAVE_TELLDIR
struct dir_data *dirp;
long pos;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
pos = telldir(dirp->dir);
return rb_int2inum(pos);
#else
rb_notimplement();
#endif
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.seek( integer ) => dir
*
* Seeks to a particular location in <em>dir</em>. <i>integer</i>
* must be a value returned by <code>Dir#tell</code>.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
* d.read #=> "."
* i = d.tell #=> 12
* d.read #=> ".."
* d.seek(i) #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
* d.read #=> ".."
*/
static VALUE
dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
long p = NUM2LONG(pos);
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
seekdir(dirp->dir, p);
return dir;
#else
rb_notimplement();
#endif
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.pos( integer ) => integer
*
* Synonym for <code>Dir#seek</code>, but returns the position
* parameter.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir") #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
* d.read #=> "."
* i = d.pos #=> 12
* d.read #=> ".."
* d.pos = i #=> 12
* d.read #=> ".."
*/
static VALUE
dir_set_pos(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
dir_seek(dir, pos);
return pos;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.rewind => dir
*
* Repositions <em>dir</em> to the first entry.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir")
* d.read #=> "."
* d.rewind #=> #<Dir:0x401b3fb0>
* d.read #=> "."
*/
static VALUE
dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_UNTRUSTED(dir)) {
rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't close");
}
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
rewinddir(dirp->dir);
return dir;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* dir.close => nil
*
* Closes the directory stream. Any further attempts to access
* <em>dir</em> will raise an <code>IOError</code>.
*
* d = Dir.new("testdir")
* d.close #=> nil
*/
static VALUE
dir_close(VALUE dir)
{
struct dir_data *dirp;
GetDIR(dir, dirp);
closedir(dirp->dir);
dirp->dir = NULL;
return Qnil;
}
static void
dir_chdir(VALUE path)
{
if (chdir(RSTRING_PTR(path)) < 0)
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
}
static int chdir_blocking = 0;
static VALUE chdir_thread = Qnil;
struct chdir_data {
VALUE old_path, new_path;
int done;
};
static VALUE
chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
{
dir_chdir(args->new_path);
args->done = Qtrue;
chdir_blocking++;
if (chdir_thread == Qnil)
chdir_thread = rb_thread_current();
return rb_yield(args->new_path);
}
static VALUE
chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
{
if (args->done) {
chdir_blocking--;
if (chdir_blocking == 0)
chdir_thread = Qnil;
dir_chdir(args->old_path);
}
return Qnil;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.chdir( [ string] ) => 0
* Dir.chdir( [ string] ) {| path | block } => anObject
*
* Changes the current working directory of the process to the given
* string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to
* the value of the environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or
* <code>LOGDIR</code>. <code>SystemCallError</code> (probably
* <code>Errno::ENOENT</code>) if the target directory does not exist.
*
* If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current
* directory, and the block is executed with that as the current
* directory. The original working directory is restored when the block
* exits. The return value of <code>chdir</code> is the value of the
* block. <code>chdir</code> blocks can be nested, but in a
* multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts
* to open a <code>chdir</code> block while another thread has one
* open.
*
* Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
* puts Dir.pwd
* Dir.chdir("/tmp") do
* puts Dir.pwd
* Dir.chdir("/usr") do
* puts Dir.pwd
* end
* puts Dir.pwd
* end
* puts Dir.pwd
*
* <em>produces:</em>
*
* /var/spool/mail
* /tmp
* /usr
* /tmp
* /var/spool/mail
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE path = Qnil;
rb_secure(2);
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
FilePathValue(path);
}
else {
const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
if (!dist) {
dist = getenv("LOGDIR");
if (!dist) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "HOME/LOGDIR not set");
}
path = rb_str_new2(dist);
}
if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
}
if (rb_block_given_p()) {
struct chdir_data args;
char *cwd = my_getcwd();
args.old_path = rb_tainted_str_new2(cwd); xfree(cwd);
args.new_path = path;
args.done = Qfalse;
return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
}
dir_chdir(path);
return INT2FIX(0);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.getwd => string
* Dir.pwd => string
*
* Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as
* a string.
*
* Dir.chdir("/tmp") #=> 0
* Dir.getwd #=> "/tmp"
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
{
char *path;
VALUE cwd;
rb_secure(4);
path = my_getcwd();
cwd = rb_tainted_str_new2(path);
xfree(path);
return cwd;
}
static void
check_dirname(volatile VALUE *dir)
{
char *path, *pend;
rb_secure(2);
FilePathValue(*dir);
path = RSTRING_PTR(*dir);
if (path && *(pend = rb_path_end(rb_path_skip_prefix(path)))) {
*dir = rb_str_new(path, pend - path);
}
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.chroot( string ) => 0
*
* Changes this process's idea of the file system root. Only a
* privileged process may make this call. Not available on all
* platforms. On Unix systems, see <code>chroot(2)</code> for more
* information.
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
{
#if defined(HAVE_CHROOT) && !defined(__CHECKER__)
check_dirname(&path);
if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
return INT2FIX(0);
#else
rb_notimplement();
return Qnil; /* not reached */
#endif
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) => 0
*
* Makes a new directory named by <i>string</i>, with permissions
* specified by the optional parameter <i>anInteger</i>. The
* permissions may be modified by the value of
* <code>File::umask</code>, and are ignored on NT. Raises a
* <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory cannot be created. See
* also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for
* <code>File</code>.
*
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
VALUE path, vmode;
int mode;
if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
}
else {
mode = 0777;
}
check_dirname(&path);
if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(path));
return INT2FIX(0);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* Dir.delete( string ) => 0
* Dir.rmdir( string ) => 0
* Dir.unlink( string ) => 0
*
* Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of
* <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory isn't empty.
*/
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
check_dirname(&dir);
if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
rb_sys_fail(RSTRING_PTR(dir));
return INT2FIX(0);
}
static void
sys_warning_1(const char* mesg)
{
rb_sys_warning("%s", mesg);
}
#define GLOB_VERBOSE (1UL << (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
#define sys_warning(val) \
(void)((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) && rb_protect((VALUE (*)(VALUE))sys_warning_1, (VALUE)(val), 0))
#define GLOB_ALLOC(type) (type *)malloc(sizeof(type))
#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) (type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (n))
#define GLOB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
#define GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status) ((status == -1) ? rb_memerror() : rb_jump_tag(status))
/*
* ENOTDIR can be returned by stat(2) if a non-leaf element of the path
* is not a directory.
*/
#define to_be_ignored(e) ((e) == ENOENT || (e) == ENOTDIR)
/* System call with warning */
static int
do_stat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)
{
int ret = stat(path, pst);
if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
sys_warning(path);
return ret;
}
static int
do_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags)
{
int ret = lstat(path, pst);
if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
sys_warning(path);
return ret;
}
static DIR *
do_opendir(const char *path, int flags)
{
DIR *dirp = opendir(path);
if (dirp == NULL && !to_be_ignored(errno))
sys_warning(path);
return dirp;
}
/* Return nonzero if S has any special globbing chars in it. */
static int
has_magic(const char *s, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
register const char *p = s;
register const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
register char c;
while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
switch (c) {
case '*':
case '?':
case '[':
return 1;
case '\\':
if (escape && !(c = *p++))
return 0;
continue;
default:
if (!FNM_SYSCASE && ISALPHA(c) && nocase)
return 1;
}
p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
}
return 0;
}
/* Find separator in globbing pattern. */
static char *
find_dirsep(const char *s, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
register const char *p = s;
register const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
register char c;
int open = 0;
while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
switch (c) {
case '[':
open = 1;
continue;
case ']':
open = 0;
continue;
case '/':
if (!open)
return (char *)p-1;
continue;