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Employee Attrition Prediction

This is a supervised machine learning project based on building a predictive model focused in understanding whether an employee will be churned or not based off several variables. Click link here for more project details.

Data Analysis Process

Model used

  1. random forest classifier
  2. XGBoost
  3. LightGB model

Data Assessment and Cleaning

num_var = num_var[1:]

# Calculate the number of rows and columns needed based on the number of numerical variables
num_rows = len(num_var) // 3 + (len(num_var) % 3 > 0)
num_cols = min(len(num_var), 3)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3 * num_rows))
fig, axes = plt.subplots(num_rows, num_cols, figsize=(12, 3 * num_rows))

for i, var in enumerate(num_var):
    row, col = i // num_cols, i % num_cols
    sns.distplot(Employee[var], hist=False, ax=axes[row, col])
    axes[row, col].set_title(f'Histogram of {var}')

# Remove empty subplots if there are more than needed
for i in range(len(num_var), num_rows * num_cols):
    fig.delaxes(axes.flatten()[i])

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

The code checks for distribution of different variables as it might have direct biasness effect to the model if not taken care of.

Feature Selection

This was done using the mutual info regression model to get variables relating to our independent variable

for col in x.select_dtypes('O'):
    x[col],_ = x[col].factorize()
mi_scores = mutual_info_regression(x,y, random_state = 0)
mi_scores = pd.Series(mi_scores, name = 'Scores', index = x.columns)
best_features = mi_scores.sort_values(ascending = False).head(17)

Encoding Technique

# Encoding JobRole using target encoding (regularized encoding)
JobRole_impact = X_train.groupby('JobRole')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['JobRole_encoded'] = X_train['JobRole'].map(JobRole_impact)

# Encoding marital status
Marital_impact = X_train.groupby('MaritalStatus')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['MaritalStatus_encoded'] =  X_train['MaritalStatus'].map(Marital_impact)

# Encoding Department
Department_impact = X_train.groupby('Department')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['Department_encoded'] = X_train['Department'].map(Department_impact)
# Encoding BusinessTravel using target encoding (regularized encoding)
BusinessTravel_impact = X_train.groupby('BusinessTravel')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['BusinessTravel_encoded'] = X_train['BusinessTravel'].map(BusinessTravel_impact)

# Encoding OverTime
OverTime_impact = X_train.groupby('OverTime')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['OverTime_encoded'] =  X_train['OverTime'].map(OverTime_impact)

# Encoding EducationField
EducationField_impact = X_train.groupby('EducationField')['Attrition'].mean()
X_train['EducationField_encoded'] = X_train['EducationField'].map(EducationField_impact)

Model Training

Random Forest Classifier

param_grid = {
    'n_estimators': [100, 200, 300],
    'ccp_alpha':[0.0, 0.1, 0.2],
    'min_samples_split':[2, 5, 10],
    'min_samples_leaf':[1, 2, 4]}

roc_auc_scorer = make_scorer(roc_auc_score, greater_is_better=True)

rf_classifier = RandomForestClassifier(random_state=0)
grid_search = GridSearchCV(estimator= rf_classifier, param_grid=param_grid, cv=5, scoring=roc_auc_scorer, verbose=2)

grid_search.fit(x_train, y_train)

# Get the best parameters and best score
best_params = grid_search.best_params_
best_roc_auc = grid_search.best_score_

print("Best Parameters:", best_params)
print("Best ROC AUC:", best_roc_auc)
# Splitting data to training and testing set
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_train, Y_train, test_size = 0.33, random_state = 42)

# setting parameters and training model
class_weights = {0: 1, 1: 2}
rf_classifier = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators = 100, 
                                       max_depth = 5,
                                       class_weight = class_weights, 
                                       random_state = 42)
model = rf_classifier.fit(x_train, y_train)

Using random forest classifier, the model evaluated '83%' accuracy for the test set.

XGBoost

param_grid = {
    'n_estimators': [50, 100, 200],
    'learning_rate':[0.01, 0.1, 0.2],
    'max_depth':[3, 5, 7],
    'gamma':[0, 0.1, 0.2],
    'scale_pos_weight':[1,2,5]}

roc_auc_scorer = make_scorer(roc_auc_score, greater_is_better=True)

xgb = XGBClassifier(random_state= 42)
grid_search = GridSearchCV(estimator= xgb, param_grid=param_grid, cv=5, scoring=roc_auc_scorer, verbose=2)

grid_search.fit(x_train, y_train)

# Get the best parameters and best score
best_params = grid_search.best_params_
best_roc_auc = grid_search.best_score_

print("Best Parameters:", best_params)
print("Best ROC AUC:", best_roc_auc)

This gave us 82% accuracy score on the test set.

LightGB model