How to print Image contents

[sajis997]

following the example at https://dahtah.github.io/imager/canny.html and have the following questions:

1. How to print image contents( pixel values), for example nX (mentioned in the above link). I tried with the following though:

   nX
   Image. Width: 433 pix Height: 310 pix Depth: 1 Colour channels: 1
   print(nX)
   Image. Width: 433 pix Height: 310 pix Depth: 1 Colour channels: 1

2. At source https://github.com/dahtah/imager/blob/master/R/interpolation.R and inside the function "interp <- function(im,locations,cubic=FALSE,extrapolate=TRUE)", you have called to the function interp_xy(...) with the following parameter:
   im,locations$x-1,locations$y-1,cubic=cubic

What is reason behind this -1 from both the location x-pos and y-pos ?

[Ax3man]

To your first question: you can coerce to an array to print values, e.g. as.array(nX). Alternatively, use print.default(boats).