OCI Registry As Storage

Registries are evolving as Cloud Native Artifact Stores. To enable this goal, Microsoft has donated ORAS as a means to enable various client libraries with a way to push OCI Artifacts to OCI Conformant registries.

ORAS is both a CLI for initial testing and a Go Module to be included with your CLI, enabling a native experience: myclient push artifacts.azurecr.io/myartifact:1.0 ./mything.thang

Table of Contents

• ORAS Background
• Supported Registries
• Artifacts Implementing ORAS
• Getting Started
• ORAS CLI
• ORAS Go Module
• Contributing
• Maintainers

ORAS Background

• OCI Image Support Comes to Open Source Docker Registry
• Registries Are Evolving as Cloud Native Artifact Stores
• OCI Adopts Artifacts Project
• GitHub: OCI Artifacts Project

Getting Started

Select from one the registries that support OCI Artifacts. Each registry identifies how they support authentication.

ORAS CLI

ORAS is both a CLI for initial testing and a Go Module to be included with your CLI, enabling a native experience: myclient push artifacts.azurecr.io/myartifact:1.0 ./mything.thang

CLI Installation

• Install oras using GoFish:

  gofish install oras
  ==> Installing oras...
  🐠  oras 0.8.1: installed in 65.131245ms

• Install from the latest release artifacts:

  • Linux

    curl -LO https://github.com/deislabs/oras/releases/download/v0.8.1/oras_0.8.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
    mkdir -p oras-install/
    tar -zxf oras_0.8.1_*.tar.gz -C oras-install/
    mv oras-install/oras /usr/local/bin/
    rm -rf oras_0.8.1_*.tar.gz oras-install/

  • macOS

    curl -LO https://github.com/deislabs/oras/releases/download/v0.8.1/oras_0.8.1_darwin_amd64.tar.gz
    mkdir -p oras-install/
    tar -zxf oras_0.8.1_*.tar.gz -C oras-install/
    mv oras-install/oras /usr/local/bin/
    rm -rf oras_0.8.1_*.tar.gz oras-install/

  • Windows

    Add %USERPROFILE%\bin\ to your PATH environment variable so that oras.exe can be found.

    curl.exe -sLO  https://github.com/deislabs/oras/releases/download/v0.8.1/oras_0.8.1_windows_amd64.tar.gz
    tar.exe -xvzf oras_0.8.1_windows_amd64.tar.gz
    mkdir -p %USERPROFILE%\bin\
    copy oras.exe %USERPROFILE%\bin\
    set PATH=%USERPROFILE%\bin\;%PATH%

  • Docker Image

    A public Docker image containing the CLI is available on Docker Hub:

    docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/workspace orasbot/oras:v0.8.1 help

    Note: the default WORKDIR in the image is /workspace.

ORAS Authentication

Run oras login in advance for any private registries. By default, this will store credentials in ~/.docker/config.json (same file used by the docker client). If you have previously authenticated to a registry using docker login, the credentials will be reused.

Use the -c/--config option to specify an alternate location.

While ORAS leverages the local docker client config store, ORAS does NOT have a dependency on Docker Desktop running or being installed. ORAS can be used independently of a local docker daemon.

oras also accepts explicit credentials via options, for example,

oras pull -u username -p password myregistry.io/myimage:latest

See Supported Registries for registry specific authentication usage.

Pushing Artifacts with Single Files

Pushing single files involves referencing the unique artifact type and at least one file. Defining an Artifact uses the config.mediaType as the unique artifact type. If a config object is provided, the mediaType extension defines the config filetype. If a null config is passed, the config extension must be removed.

See: Defining a Unique Artifact Type

The following sample defines a new Artifact Type of Acme Rocket, using application/vnd.acme.rocket.config as the manifest.config.mediaType.

• Create a sample file to push/pull as an artifact

  echo "hello world" > artifact.txt

• Push the sample file to the registry:

  oras push localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v1 \
  --manifest-config /dev/null:application/vnd.acme.rocket.config \
  ./artifact.txt

• Pull the file from the registry:

  rm -f artifact.txt # first delete the file
  oras pull localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v1
  cat artifact.txt  # should print "hello world"

• Push the sample file, with a layer mediaType, using the format filename[:type]:

  oras push localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v2 \
  --manifest-config /dev/null:application/vnd.acme.rocket.config \
    artifact.txt:text/plain

Pushing Artifacts with Config Files

The OCI distribution-spec provides for storing optional config objects. These can be used by the artifact to determine how or where to process and/or route the blobs. When providing a config object, the version and file type is required.

• Create a config file

  echo "{\"name\":\"foo\",\"value\":\"bar\"}" > config.json

• Push an the artifact, with the config.json file

  oras push localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v2 \
  --manifest-config config.json:application/vnd.acme.rocket.config.v1+json \
    artifact.txt:text/plain

Pushing Artifacts with Multiple Files

Just as container images support multiple "layers" represented as blobs, ORAS supports pushing multiple layers. The layer type is up to the artifact author. You may push .tar representing a collection of files, individual files like .yaml, .txt or whatever your artifact should be represented as. Each layer type should have a mediaType representing the type of blob content. In this example, we'll push a collection of files.

• A single file (artifact.txt) that represents overview content that might be displayed as a repository overview
• A collection of files (docs/*) that represents detailed content. When specifying a directory, ORAS will automatically tar the contents.

See OCI Artifacts for more details.

• Create additional blobs

  mkdir docs
  echo "Docs on this artifact" > ./docs/readme.md
  echo "More content for this artifact" > ./docs/readme2.md

• Create a config file, referencing the entry doc file

  echo "{\"doc\":\"readme.md\"}" > config.json

• Push multiple files with different mediaTypes:

  oras push localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v2 \
    --manifest-config config.json:application/vnd.acme.rocket.config.v1+json \
    artifact.txt:text/plain \
    ./docs/:application/vnd.acme.rocket.docs.layer.v1+tar

• The push would generate the following manifest:

  {
    "schemaVersion": 2,
    "config": {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.acme.rocket.config.v1+json",
      "digest": "sha256:7aa5d0dee9a3a73c81db4356cf7aa5666e175d96e68ee763eeb977bd7ba59ee5",
      "size": 20
    },
    "layers": [
      {
        "mediaType": "text/plain",
        "digest": "sha256:a948904f2f0f479b8f8197694b30184b0d2ed1c1cd2a1ec0fb85d299a192a447",
        "size": 12,
        "annotations": {
          "org.opencontainers.image.title": "artifact.txt"
        }
      },
      {
        "mediaType": "application/vnd.acme.rocket.docs.layer.v1+tar",
        "digest": "sha256:20ae7d51e2365405e6942439140d897548e1d4610db60354aef8a5ce1f1699a7",
        "size": 196,
        "annotations": {
          "io.deis.oras.content.digest": "sha256:4329ea6c620ca4e9cedc5f5e8040432114cb5d64fc53107ea870db149e3d2b9e",
          "io.deis.oras.content.unpack": "true",
          "org.opencontainers.image.title": "docs"
        }
      }
    ]
  }

Pulling Artifacts

Pulling artifacts involves specifying the content addressable artifact, along with the type of artifact.

See: Issue 130 for eliminating -a and --media-type

oras pull localhost:5000/hello-artifact:v2 -a

ORAS Go Module

While the ORAS CLI provides a great way to get started, and test registry support for OCI Artifacts, the primary experience enables a native experience for your artifact of choice. Using the ORAS Go Module, you can develop your own push/pull experience: myclient push artifacts.azurecr.io/myartifact:1.0 ./mything.thang

The package github.com/deislabs/oras/pkg/oras can quickly be imported in other Go-based tools that wish to benefit from the ability to store arbitrary content in container registries.

ORAS Go Module Example

Source

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/deislabs/oras/pkg/content"
	"github.com/deislabs/oras/pkg/oras"

	"github.com/containerd/containerd/remotes/docker"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
)

func check(e error) {
	if e != nil {
		panic(e)
	}
}

func main() {
	ref := "localhost:5000/oras:test"
	fileName := "hello.txt"
	fileContent := []byte("Hello World!\n")
	customMediaType := "my.custom.media.type"

	ctx := context.Background()
	resolver := docker.NewResolver(docker.ResolverOptions{})

	// Push file(s) w custom mediatype to registry
	memoryStore := content.NewMemoryStore()
	desc := memoryStore.Add(fileName, customMediaType, fileContent)
	pushContents := []ocispec.Descriptor{desc}
	fmt.Printf("Pushing %s to %s...\n", fileName, ref)
	desc, err := oras.Push(ctx, resolver, ref, memoryStore, pushContents)
	check(err)
	fmt.Printf("Pushed to %s with digest %s\n", ref, desc.Digest)

	// Pull file(s) from registry and save to disk
	fmt.Printf("Pulling from %s and saving to %s...\n", ref, fileName)
	fileStore := content.NewFileStore("")
	defer fileStore.Close()
	allowedMediaTypes := []string{customMediaType}
	desc, _, err = oras.Pull(ctx, resolver, ref, fileStore, oras.WithAllowedMediaTypes(allowedMediaTypes))
	check(err)
	fmt.Printf("Pulled from %s with digest %s\n", ref, desc.Digest)
	fmt.Printf("Try running 'cat %s'\n", fileName)
}

Contributing

Want to reach the ORAS community and developers? We're very interested in feedback and contributions for other artifacts.

Join us at CNCF Slack under the #oras channel