Miryoku is an ergonomic, minimal, orthogonal layout for ergo or ortho keyboards, implemented as part of the QMK firmware.
The layout is maintained in emacs org-mode tables and converted to QMK keymap data structures using embedded python scripts. It is mapped onto keyboards with different physical layouts as a subset without code duplication using the QMK userspace feature and C macros.
Please see the development branch for any updates not yet merged into QMK. Additional visualisations are provided outside QMK in the Miryoku (Extras) repository.
- Use layers instead of reaching.
- Use both hands instead of contortions.
- Use the home positions as much as possible.
- Make full use of the thumbs.
- Avoid unnecessary complication.
- 5 columns, 3 rows, 3 thumb keys, 2 hands.
- Can be used on almost any split or non-split ergo or ortho keyboard.
- Includes all keys found on a US layout TKL keyboard, plus media keys and mouse emulation.
- Home row is the middle row, home thumb key is the middle thumb key.
- Maximum 1-u movement from home position for fingers and thumbs, and only along one axis (except for the inner index finger column which is deprioritised compared with the home columns).
- Dual-function modifiers on home row, mirrored on both hands.
- Dual-function layer change on thumbs.
- Layers are designed orthogonally with a single purpose per hand and are accessed by holding a thumb key on the opposite hand.
- All layers on the same hand are based on the same basic key arrangement.
- Holding layer change and modifiers on one hand combined with a single key press on the other hand can produce any combination of modifiers and single keys without any finger contortions.
- Single function mods are also defined on layers on the same hand as the layer change thumb key so layer change and mods can be held in any order or simultaneously without race conditions.
- As mods are only enabled on the opposite hand, auto-repeat is available on the home row on layers for use with cursor and mouse keys.
- Tap-hold auto-repeat is disabled to permit faster tap-hold switching on thumbs, but thumb tap keys are mirrored onto some layers for use with auto-repeat. On other layers thumb keys are redefined with important functions for that layer.
The layers are maintained in tables, with the thumb keys on the bottom row. NP indicates the key is not present and is used to fill in the table around the thumb keys. The grid arrangement of the tables does not imply a particular physical layout.
Basic keycodes are entered without the KC_ prefix. Symbols can be entered as-is (excepting ‘”’ (DQUO) and ‘|’ (PIPE)). Empty cells are unused.
The base layer has both halves of the layout joined for convenience. Other layers are specified as a single hand.
The base layer is maintained as separate tap and hold tables and are combined into the corresponding tap-hold keycodes for mods and layer change. RST and mods will be available on sub layers on the same hand as the layer change thumb key. Unknown names are considered to be layer names.
Base layer alphas are Colemak-DHm. Thumb keys are backspace, enter, delete on the right and space, tab, escape on the left. Dot, comma and apostrophe are included for prose, dot and slash for file and directory names.
| Q | W | F | P | B | J | L | U | Y | ’ |
| A | R | S | T | G | M | N | E | I | O |
| Z | X | C | D | V | K | H | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
| RST | RST | ||||||||
| LGUI | LALT | LCTL | LSFT | LSFT | LCTL | LALT | LGUI | ||
| ALGR | ALGR | ||||||||
| NP | NP | MEDR | NAVR | MOUR | NSSL | NSL | FUNL | NP | NP |
Alternative base layer alphas are provided. To select, append
e.g. MIRYOKU_ALPHAS=QWERTY to the make command line when building.
| Q | W | E | R | T | Y | U | I | O | P |
| A | S | D | F | G | H | J | K | L | ’ |
| Z | X | C | V | B | N | M | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
| ‘ | , | . | P | Y | F | G | C | R | L |
| A | O | E | U | I | D | H | T | N | S |
| / | Q | J | K | X | B | M | W | V | Z |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
| Q | W | F | P | G | J | L | U | Y | ’ |
| A | R | S | T | D | H | N | E | I | O |
| Z | X | C | V | B | K | M | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
| Q | W | F | P | B | J | L | U | Y | ’ |
| A | R | S | T | G | K | N | E | I | O |
| Z | X | C | D | V | M | H | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
| Q | D | R | W | B | J | F | U | P | ’ |
| A | S | H | T | G | Y | N | E | O | I |
| Z | X | M | C | V | K | L | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
Primary right-hand layer (left home thumb) is navigation and editing. Cursor keys are on the home position, line and page movement below, clipboard above, caps and insert on the inner column. Thumb keys are duplicated from the base layer to avoid having to layer change mid edit and to enable auto-repeat.
| AGIN | UNDO | CUT | COPY | PSTE |
| CAPS | LEFT | DOWN | UP | RGHT |
| INS | HOME | PGDN | PGUP | END |
| ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
Secondary RH layer is mouse emulation. Mouse movement mirrors cursor navigation on home and wheel mirrors line / page movement below. Buttons are on the thumbs (L, M, R). Mouse movement, click, and drag with modifiers can be performed from the home position. Unused keys are available for other related functions.
| MS_L | MS_D | MS_U | MS_R | |
| WH_L | WH_D | WH_U | WH_R | |
| BTN1 | BTN3 | BTN2 | NP | NP |
Available for automatic activation depending on keyboard hardware and configuration. Not activated manually.
| NP | NP | BTN1 | BTN3 | BTN2 | NP | NP |
Tertiary RH layer is media control, with volume up / down and next / prev mirroring the navigation keys. Pause, stop and mute are on thumbs. RGB control is on the top row (combine with shift to invert). Unused keys are available for other related functions.
| TOG | MOD | HUI | SAI | VAI |
| MPRV | VOLD | VOLU | MNXT | |
| MSTP | MPLY | MUTE | NP | NP |
Primary left-hand layer (right home thumb) is numerals and symbols. Numerals are in the standard numpad locations with symbols in the remaining positions. Dot is duplicated from the base layer for convenience.
| [ | 7 | 8 | 9 | ] |
| ; | 4 | 5 | 6 | = |
| ` | 1 | 2 | 3 | \ |
| NP | NP | . | 0 | - |
Secondary LH layer has shifted symbols in the same locations to reduce chording when using mods with shifted symbols. Automatically generated from unshifted table.
Tertiary LH layer has function keys mirroring the numerals on the primary layer with extras on the pinkie column, plus system keys on the inner column. App (menu) is on the tertiary thumb key and other thumb keys are duplicated from the base layer to enable auto-repeat.
| F12 | F7 | F8 | F9 | PSCR |
| F11 | F4 | F5 | F6 | SLCK |
| F10 | F1 | F2 | F3 | PAUS |
| NP | NP | APP | SPC | TAB |
Produce base layer from separate tap and hold tables.
width = 19
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
symbol_names_dict = {}
for symbol, name, shifted_symbol, shifted_name in symbol_names_table:
symbol_names_dict[symbol] = name
symbol_names_dict[shifted_symbol] = shifted_name
results = ' [' + layer_name + '] = LAYOUT_miryoku(\n'
for tap_row, hold_row in map(None, tap_table, hold_table):
results += ' '
for tap, hold in map(None, tap_row, hold_row):
if tap == '':
code = 'NU'
elif tap in symbol_names_dict:
code = symbol_names_dict[tap]
else:
code = tap
code = 'KC_' + str(code)
if hold in mods_dict:
code = str(hold) + '_T(' + code + ')'
elif hold != '' and hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST':
code = 'LT(' + str(hold) + ', ' + code + ')'
results += (code + ', ').ljust(width)
results = results.rstrip(' ') + '\n'
results = results.rstrip('\n, ') + '\n )'
return resultsProduce sub layers given layer name and corresponding table for single hand and incorporating mods and reset from base layer. Layer names must end with R or L. A layer with shifted symbols can also be generated.
width = 9
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
symbol_names_dict = {}
shifted_symbol_names_dict = {}
for symbol, name, shifted_symbol, shifted_name in symbol_names_table:
symbol_names_dict[symbol] = name
symbol_names_dict[shifted_symbol] = shifted_name
shifted_symbol_names_dict[symbol] = shifted_name
length = len(half_table[0])
mode = layer_name[-1:].lower()
results = ' [' + layer_name + '] = LAYOUT_miryoku(\n'
for half_row, hold_row in map(None, half_table, hold_table):
results += ' '
hold_row_l, hold_row_r = hold_row[:length], hold_row[length:]
for lr, hold_row_lr in ('l', hold_row_l), ('r', hold_row_r):
if lr == mode:
for half in half_row:
if half == '':
code = 'NU'
elif shift == "true" and half in shifted_symbol_names_dict:
code = shifted_symbol_names_dict[half]
elif half in symbol_names_dict:
code = symbol_names_dict[half]
else:
code = half
results += ('KC_' + str(code) + ', ').ljust(width)
else:
for hold in hold_row_lr:
if hold == '' or hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST' and hold not in mods_dict:
code = 'NA'
else:
code = hold
results += ('KC_' + str(code) + ', ').ljust(width)
results = results.rstrip(' ') + '\n'
results = results.rstrip('\n, ') + '\n )'
return resultsProduce full layer from single table. Fill for unused keys is configurable.
width = 9
symbol_names_dict = {}
for symbol, name, shifted_symbol, shifted_name in symbol_names_table:
symbol_names_dict[symbol] = name
symbol_names_dict[shifted_symbol] = shifted_name
results = ' [' + layer_name + '] = LAYOUT_miryoku(\n'
for row in table:
results += ' '
for key in row:
if key == '':
code = fill
elif key in symbol_names_dict:
code = symbol_names_dict[key]
else:
code = key
code = 'KC_' + str(code)
results += (code + ', ').ljust(width)
results = results.rstrip(' ') + '\n'
results = results.rstrip('\n, ') + '\n )'
return resultsProduce layer enums from layer names in hold table.
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
results = 'enum layers { BASE, MBO, '
for hold_row in hold_table:
for hold in hold_row:
if hold not in mods_dict and hold != '' and hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST':
results += hold + ', '
results = results.rstrip(', ') + ' };'
return resultsSymbol, name, and shifted symbol mappings for use in tables.
| ` | GRV | ~ | TILD |
| - | MINS | _ | UNDS |
| = | EQL | + | PLUS |
| [ | LBRC | { | LCBR |
| ] | RBRC | } | RCBR |
| \ | BSLS | PIPE | PIPE |
| ; | SCLN | : | COLN |
| ‘ | QUOT | DQUO | DQUO |
| , | COMM | < | LT |
| . | DOT | > | GT |
| / | SLSH | ? | QUES |
| 1 | 1 | ! | EXLM |
| 2 | 2 | @ | AT |
| 3 | 3 | # | HASH |
| 4 | 4 | $ | DLR |
| 5 | 5 | % | PERC |
| 6 | 6 | ^ | CIRC |
| 7 | 7 | & | AMPR |
| 8 | 8 | * | ASTR |
| 9 | 9 | ( | LPRN |
| 0 | 0 | ) | RPRN |
Modifiers usable in hold table. Need to have the same name for KC_ and _T versions.
- LSFT
- LCTL
- LALT
- LGUI
- ALGR
Header for tangled src files.
generated from users/manna-harbour_miryoku/miryoku.org -*- buffer-read-only: t -*-The keymap, build options, and configuration are shared between keyboards. The layout is mapped onto keyboards with different physical layouts as a subset.
The keymap is defined for LAYOUT_miryoku which is 10x4, with the outer 2 positions on the bottom row unused and the rest of the bottom row being the thumb keys.
Keymap-related definitions. Included from manna-harbour_miryoku.c. Can be included from keymap or layout keymap.c if needed.
users/manna-harbour_miryoku/manna-harbour_miryoku.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
#include QMK_KEYBOARD_H
#define KC_NP KC_NO // key is not present
#define KC_NA KC_NO // present but not available for use
#define KC_NU KC_NO // available but not used
// non-KC_ keycodes
#define KC_RST RESET
#define KC_TOG RGB_TOG
#define KC_MOD RGB_MOD
#define KC_HUI RGB_HUI
#define KC_SAI RGB_SAI
#define KC_VAI RGB_VAI
<<table-enums()>>Contains the keymap. Added from rules.mk.
users/manna-harbour_miryoku/manna-harbour_miryoku.c
// <<header>>
#include "manna-harbour_miryoku.h"
const uint16_t PROGMEM keymaps[][MATRIX_ROWS][MATRIX_COLS] = {
#if defined MIRYOKU_ALPHAS_QWERTY
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=qwerty, hold_table=hold)>>,
#elif defined MIRYOKU_ALPHAS_DVORAK
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=dvorak, hold_table=hold)>>,
#elif defined MIRYOKU_ALPHAS_COLEMAK
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=colemak, hold_table=hold)>>,
#elif defined MIRYOKU_ALPHAS_COLEMAKDH
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=colemakdh, hold_table=hold)>>,
#elif defined MIRYOKU_ALPHAS_WORKMAN
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=workman, hold_table=hold)>>,
#else
<<table-layout-taphold(layer_name="BASE", tap_table=colemakdhm, hold_table=hold)>>,
#endif
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NAVR", half_table=navr)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="MOUR", half_table=mour)>>,
<<table-layout-full(layer_name="MBO", table=mbo, fill="TRNS")>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="MEDR", half_table=medr)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="FUNL", half_table=funl)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NSL", half_table=nsl)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NSSL", half_table=nsl, shift="true")>>
};Config options. Automatically included.
users/manna-harbour_miryoku/config.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
// default but important
#define TAPPING_TERM 200
// Prevent normal rollover on alphas from accidentally triggering mods.
#define IGNORE_MOD_TAP_INTERRUPT
// Enable rapid switch from tap to hold, disables double tap hold auto-repeat.
#define TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD
// Recommended for heavy chording.
#define QMK_KEYS_PER_SCAN 4
// Mouse key speed and acceleration.
#undef MOUSEKEY_DELAY
#define MOUSEKEY_DELAY 0
#undef MOUSEKEY_INTERVAL
#define MOUSEKEY_INTERVAL 16
#undef MOUSEKEY_WHEEL_DELAY
#define MOUSEKEY_WHEEL_DELAY 0
#undef MOUSEKEY_MAX_SPEED
#define MOUSEKEY_MAX_SPEED 6
#undef MOUSEKEY_TIME_TO_MAX
#define MOUSEKEY_TIME_TO_MAX 64Build options. Automatically included.
users/manna-harbour_miryoku/rules.mk
# <<header>>
MOUSEKEY_ENABLE = yes # Mouse keys
EXTRAKEY_ENABLE = yes # Audio control and System control
SRC += manna-harbour_miryoku.c # keymap
# select alternative base layer alphas
ifneq ($(strip $(MIRYOKU_ALPHAS)),)
OPT_DEFS += -DMIRYOKU_ALPHAS_$(MIRYOKU_ALPHAS)
endif
# select alternative subset mappings
ifneq ($(strip $(MIRYOKU_MAPPING)),)
OPT_DEFS += -DMIRYOKU_MAPPING_$(MIRYOKU_MAPPING)
endifTo use the keymap on a keyboard supporting the layouts feature, LAYOUT_miryoku is defined as a macro mapping onto the layout’s own LAYOUT macro, leaving the unused keys as KC_NO.
The following are example layouts.
For the ergodox layout, the main 5x3 alphas are used as usual. The primary and secondary thumb keys are the inner and outer 2u thumb keys and the tertiary thumb key is the innermost key of the partial bottom row. The remaining keys are unused.
To build for any keyboard using the this layout (ergodone, ergodox_ez, ergodox_infinity, hotdox) e.g. the ergodox_ez,
make ergodox_ez:manna-harbour_miryoku:flashContains subset mapping.
layouts/community/ergodox/manna-harbour_miryoku/config.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
#define LAYOUT_miryoku(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39\
)\
LAYOUT_ergodox_pretty( \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, KC_NO, KC_NO, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, KC_NO, KC_NO, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, K32, K37, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, \
K33, K34, KC_NO, KC_NO, K35, K36 \
)Required by the build system.
layouts/community/ergodox/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>For the ortho_4x12 layout, the middle two columns, and the 2 keys on each end of the bottom row are unused. This allows the hands to be positioned without ulnar deviation of the wrists.
In the implementation, the 2 unused middle columns bottom row keys are mapped as duplicates of their adjacent keys to support alternative bottom row physical layouts including 1x2uC (MIT), 1x2uR, 1x2uL, and 2x2u.
For split keyboards using this layout the halves can be positioned and rotated
for each hand and so an alternative mapping is provided. The right half is as
follows: The rightmost column bottom 3 keys is the pinkie column. The middle 4
columns top 3 rows are for the remaining fingers. The pinkie column is one row
lower than the other columns to provide some column stagger. The bottom row
left 3 keys are the thumb keys. The remaining keys are unused. To select this
mapping, append MIRYOKU_MAPPING=SPLIT to the make command line when building.
To build for any keyboard using this layout (4x4, nori, chimera_ls, contra, divergetm2, jj40, lets_split, lets_split_eh, meira, niu_mini, planck, telophase, vitamins_included, zinc, zlant, ortho48, kbd4x, levinson, wavelet, plaid):
make planck/rev6:manna-harbour_miryoku:flash # planck
make keebio/levinson:manna-harbour_miryoku:flash MIRYOKU_MAPPING=SPLIT # levinsonContains subset mapping.
layouts/community/ortho_4x12/manna-harbour_miryoku/config.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
#if defined MIRYOKU_MAPPING_SPLIT
#define LAYOUT_miryoku(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39\
)\
LAYOUT_ortho_4x12(\
KC_NO, K01, K02, K03, K04, KC_NO, KC_NO, K05, K06, K07, K08, KC_NO,\
K00, K11, K12, K13, K14, KC_NO, KC_NO, K15, K16, K17, K18, K09,\
K10, K21, K22, K23, K24, KC_NO, KC_NO, K25, K26, K27, K28, K19,\
K20, KC_NO, KC_NO, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, KC_NO, KC_NO, K29\
)
#else
#define LAYOUT_miryoku(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39\
)\
LAYOUT_ortho_4x12(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, KC_NO, KC_NO, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, KC_NO, KC_NO, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, KC_NO, KC_NO, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
KC_NO, KC_NO, K32, K33, K34, K34, K35, K35, K36, K37, KC_NO, KC_NO\
)
#endifRequired by the build system.
layouts/community/ortho_4x12/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>To use the keymap on a keyboard which does not support the layouts feature, LAYOUT_miryoku is defined as a macro mapping onto the keyboard’s own LAYOUT macro, leaving the unused keys as KC_NO.
The following are example keyboards.
The outer columns are unused.
To build for this keyboard,
make crkbd:manna-harbour_miryoku:flashContains subset mapping.
keyboards/crkbd/keymaps/manna-harbour_miryoku/config.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
#define LAYOUT_miryoku( \
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, \
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, \
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, \
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39 \
) \
LAYOUT( \
KC_NO, K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, KC_NO, \
K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37 \
)Required by the build system.
keyboards/crkbd/keymaps/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>- https://qmk.fm/
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/getting_started_introduction
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/config_options
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/keycodes
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_advanced_keycodes
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_layers
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/mod_tap
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_layouts
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_userspace
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_mouse_keys
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/getting_started_make_guide
- https://orgmode.org/
- https://orgmode.org/manual/Tables.html
- https://orgmode.org/manual/Working-with-Source-Code.html
For issues with this branch, or to request support for additional base layer alphas, layouts, or keyboards, please open an issue.
For more general discussion, please join a relevant recent thread or send a PM.
