SpinQuant

This repository contains the code of SpinQuant introduced in our work: "SpinQuant: LLM Quantization with Learned Rotations"

In this work, we found that

1. Rotation is a principle way to remove outliers in the LLMs and assist quantization;
2. Not all rotation helps equally and random rotations produce a large variance in quantized models;
3. Learning rotation with Cayley optimization greatly enhance the final performance.

As a result, SpinQuant narrows the accuracy gap of W4A4KV4 quantization with full precision to merely 2.9 points for the LLaMA-2 7B model on zero-shot reasoning tasks, surpassing LLM-QAT by 19.1 points and SmoothQuant by 25.0 points.

Citation

If you find our code useful for your research, please consider citing:

@article{liu2024spinquant,
    title={SpinQuant--LLM quantization with learned rotations},
    author={Liu, Zechun and Zhao, Changsheng and Fedorov, Igor and Soran, Bilge and Choudhary, Dhruv and Krishnamoorthi, Raghuraman and Chandra, Vikas and Tian, Yuandong and Blankevoort, Tijmen},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.16406},
    year={2024}
}

Run

1. Requirements:

• python 3.9, pytorch >= 2.0
• pip install -r requirement.txt
• git clone https://github.com/Dao-AILab/fast-hadamard-transform.git
  cd fast-hadamard-transform
  pip install .

2. Steps to run:

For the scripts here, set output_rotation_path output_dir logging_dir optimized_rotation_path to your own locations.

Step 1: Optimize Rotation Matrix

• For LLaMA-2 7B/13B and LLaMA-3 8B models:
  bash 10_optimize_rotation.sh $model_name $w_bit $a_bit $kv_bit
  e.g., bash scripts/10_optimize_rotation.sh meta-llama/Llama-2-7b 4 4 4 for 4-bit weight 4-bit activation and 4-bit kv-cache on Llama-2-7b model.
• For LLaMA-2 70B and LLaMA-3 70B models:
  bash 11_optimize_rotation_fsdp.sh $model_name $w_bit $a_bit $kv_bit
  e.g., bash scripts/11_optimize_rotation_fsdp.sh meta-llama/Llama-2-70b 4 4 4 for 4-bit weight 4-bit activation and 4-bit kv-cache on Llama-2-70b model.

Step 2: Run PTQ evaluation with optimized rotation

After obtaining the optimized_rotation, put the rotation matrix into optimized_rotation_path for evaluation.

• bash scripts/2_eval_ptq.sh $model_name $w_bit $a_bit $kv_bit

3. Export to ExecuTorch

We also support exporting the quantized model to ExecuTorch, which allows us to utilize the quantization kernels and achieve real-time speedup. For more information on kernel implementation details, please see ExecuTorch, and ExecuTorch for LLaMA. We currently support 4-bit weight (set group-size to 256 for 8B model and to 32 for smaller model) and 8-bit dynamic activation quantization.

To obtain ExecuTorch-compatible quantized models, you can use the following scripts:

• bash scripts/31_optimize_rotation_executorch.sh $model_name
• bash scripts/32_eval_ptq_executorch.sh $model_name

Note

• If using GPTQ quantization method in Step 2 for quantizing both weight and activations, we optimize the rotation matrices with respect to a network where only activations are quantized.
  e.g. bash 10_optimize_rotation.sh meta-llama/Llama-2-7b 16 4 4 followed by bash 2_eval_ptq.sh meta-llama/Llama-2-7b 4 4 4 with the --optimized_rotation_path pointing to the rotation optimized for W16A4KV4.

Arguments

• --input_model: The model name (or path to the weights)
• --output_rotation_path: The local path we want to store the oprimized rotation matrix
• --per_device_train_batch_size: The batch size for rotation optimization
• --per_device_eval_batch_size: The batch size for PPL evaluation
• --a_bits: The number of bits for activation quantization
• --w_bits: The number of bits for weight quantization
• --v_bits: The number of bits for value quantization
• --k_bits: The number of bits for key quantization
• --w_clip: Whether using the grid search to find best weight clipping range
• --w_rtn: Whether we want to use round-to-nearest quantization. If not having --w_rtn, we are using GPTQ quantization.
• --w_groupsize: The group size for group-wise weight quantization.
• --rotate: Whether we want to rotate the model
• --optimized_rotation_path: The checkpoint path of optimized rotation; Use random rotation if path is not given

Quantized Models

Model	LLaMA-3 8B		LLaMA-3 70B		LLaMA-2 7B		LLaMA-2 13B		LLaMA-2 70B
Method	Zero-shot	Wiki2	Zero-shot	Wiki2	Zero-shot	Wiki2	Zero-shot	Wiki2	Zero-shot	Wiki2
FloatingPoint	69.6	6.1	74.5	2.8	66.9	5.5	68.3	5.0	72.9	3.3
W4A16KV16
RTN	65.4	7.8	35.5	1e5	63.6	7.2	57.9	6.4	69.2	4.6
SmoothQuant	61.0	10.7	66.9	12.0	59.1	7.5	63.3	6.1	70.2	4.1
LLM-QAT	67.7	7.1	--	--	64.9	5.9	--	--	--	--
GPTQ	66.5	7.2	35.7	1e5	64.5	11.3	64.7	5.6	71.9	3.9
QuaRot	68.4	6.4	70.3	7.9	65.8	5.6	68.3	5.0	72.2	3.5
SpinQuant	68.5	6.4	71.6	4.8	65.9	5.6	68.5	5.0	72.6	3.5
W4A4KV16
RTN	38.5	9e2	35.6	1e5	35.6	2e3	35.3	7e3	35.1	2e5
SmoothQuant	40.3	8e2	55.3	18.0	41.8	2e2	44.9	34.5	64.6	57.1
LLM-QAT	44.9	42.9	--	--	47.8	12.9	--	--	--	--
GPTQ	37.0	9e2	35.3	1e5	36.8	8e3	35.3	5e3	35.5	2e6
QuaRot	63.8	7.9	65.4	20.4	63.5	6.1	66.7	5.4	70.4	3.9
SpinQuant	65.8	7.1	69.5	5.5	64.1	5.9	67.2	5.2	71.0	3.8
W4A4KV4
RTN	38.2	1e3	35.2	1e5	37.1	2e3	35.4	7e3	35.0	2e5
SmoothQuant	38.7	1e3	52.4	22.1	39.0	6e2	40.5	56.6	55.9	10.5
LLM-QAT	43.2	52.5	--	--	44.9	14.9	--	--	--	--
GPTQ	37.1	1e3	35.1	1e5	36.8	9e3	35.2	5e3	35.6	1e6
QuaRot	63.3	8.0	65.1	20.2	62.5	6.4	66.2	5.4	70.3	3.9
SpinQuant	65.2	7.3	69.3	5.5	64.0	5.9	66.9	5.3	71.2	3.8

You can download the optimized rotation matrices here.

Acknowledgement

The results reported in the paper is run with the internal LLaMA codebase in Meta. We reproduced our experiments with HuggingFace codebase and released code here, which partially based on HuggingFace transformers, QuaRot, QuIP# and Optimization-on-Stiefel-Manifold-via-Cayley-Transform.

Contact

Zechun Liu, Reality Labs, Meta Inc (zechunliu at meta dot com)

Changsheng Zhao, Reality Labs, Meta Inc (cszhao at meta dot com)

Relevant Projects

MobileLLM: Optimizing Sub-billion Parameter Language Models for On-Device Use Cases [Paper] [Code]

LLM-QAT: Data-Free Quantization Aware Training for Large Language Models [Paper] [Code]

License

BiT is CC-BY-NC 4.0 licensed as of now.