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australasia
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australasia
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# <pre>
# @(#)australasia 8.11
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
###############################################################################
# Australia
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 Aus CST
# Western Australia
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
8:00 AW WST
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
8:45 AW CWST
# Queensland
#
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
# Queensland ceased to.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
# so use Lindeman.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AQ EST
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
10:00 Holiday EST
# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 Aus CST 1971
9:30 AS CST
# Tasmania
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1967
10:00 AT EST
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
10:00 AT EST
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AV EST
# New South Wales
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 Aus EST 1971
10:00 AN EST
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
9:00 - CST 1899 May
9:30 Aus CST 1971
9:30 AN CST 2000
9:30 AS CST
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
10:30 LH LHST
# Australian miscellany
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
# no times are set
#
# Coral Sea Is
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
# no times are set
#
# Macquarie
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
# like Australia/Hobart
# Christmas
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
# Cook Is
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
-10:00 Cook CK%sT
# Cocos
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
# Fiji
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
# it is uninhabited.
# Guam
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
# Kiribati
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
-11:00 - PHOT 1995
13:00 - PHOT
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
-10:00 - LINT 1995
14:00 - LINT
# N Mariana Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
# Marshall Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
12:00 - MHT
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
12:00 - MHT
# Micronesia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
12:00 - KOST 1999
11:00 - KOST
# Nauru
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
11:30 - NRT 1979 May
12:00 - NRT
# New Caledonia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
11:00 NC NC%sT
###############################################################################
# New Zealand
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
# Auckland Is
# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
# Campbell I
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
###############################################################################
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
-11:00 - NUT
# Norfolk
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
# Palau (Belau)
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
# Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
# Samoa
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
-11:00 - WST # Samoa Time
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
# Tokelau Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
-10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
# Tonga
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
13:00 - TOT 1999
13:00 Tonga TO%sT
# Tuvalu
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
# US minor outlying islands
# Howland, Baker
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
# uninhabited thereafter.
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
# until they were abandoned after the war.
# Jarvis
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
# uninhabited thereafter.
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Johnston
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
# Kingman
# uninhabited
# Midway
#
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
# designations that I've never seen before:....
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
#
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
# Palmyra
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Wake
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
# Vanuatu
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
# Wallis and Futuna
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
###############################################################################
# NOTES
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# [email protected] for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
# 9:00 JST Japan
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
#
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
###############################################################################
# Australia
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
# time'.
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
# versus "AEST" etc.:
#
# I see the following points of dispute:
#
# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
#
# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
#
# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
#
# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
#
# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
# Time, for example.
#
# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
# tiebreaker.
#
# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
# the word "Australian"?
#
# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
# following count of page hits:
#
# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
#
# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
#
# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
# are the hit counts anyway:
#
# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
#
# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
#
# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
#
# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
# the ambiguities involved.
#
# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
#
# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
# understood in Australia.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
#
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
# relevant entries in this database.
#
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
# </a>
# ACT
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
# </a>
# SA
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act, 1898
# </a>
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
# to extend DST together in 2006.
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
# allude to it.
# But not Queensland
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
# Northern Territory
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
# ...
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
# Western Australia
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
# # before reaching parliament.
# ...
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
# ...
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
# work at 9.00am.)
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
# everybody again.
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
# Queensland
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
# ...
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
# October 1989).
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
# me.)
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
# ...
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
# ...
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
# Australia and Western Australia....
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
#
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
# coast of the continent.
#
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
# the largest population centre in this zone....
#
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
#
# (2006-12-09):
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
# introduction of standard time in 1895.
# southeast Australia
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
# South Australia
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# ...
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
# ...
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
# is on...
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
# Tasmania
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
# (but nothing new about that).
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
# Victoria
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
# in Melbourne, Australia.
#
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
# expected time.
#
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
#
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.