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db_bench.cc
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// Copyright (c) 2013, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
// of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include <cstddef>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gflags/gflags.h>
#include "db/db_impl.h"
#include "db/version_set.h"
#include "db/db_statistics.h"
#include "rocksdb/options.h"
#include "rocksdb/cache.h"
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
#include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "util/bit_set.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/histogram.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/stack_trace.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
DEFINE_string(benchmarks,
"fillseq,"
"fillsync,"
"fillrandom,"
"overwrite,"
"readrandom,"
"readrandom,"
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"compact,"
"readrandom,"
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"readwhilewriting,"
"readrandomwriterandom,"
"updaterandom,"
"randomwithverify,"
"fill100K,"
"crc32c,"
"snappycomp,"
"snappyuncomp,"
"acquireload,"
"fillfromstdin,",
"Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order"
"Actual benchmarks:\n"
"\tfillseq -- write N values in sequential key"
" order in async mode\n"
"\tfillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async"
" mode\n"
"\toverwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in"
" async mode\n"
"\tfillsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in "
"sync mode\n"
"\tfill100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in"
" async mode\n"
"\tdeleteseq -- delete N keys in sequential order\n"
"\tdeleterandom -- delete N keys in random order\n"
"\treadseq -- read N times sequentially\n"
"\treadreverse -- read N times in reverse order\n"
"\treadrandom -- read N times in random order\n"
"\treadmissing -- read N missing keys in random order\n"
"\treadhot -- read N times in random order from 1% section "
"of DB\n"
"\treadwhilewriting -- 1 writer, N threads doing random "
"reads\n"
"\treadrandomwriterandom -- N threads doing random-read, "
"random-write\n"
"\tprefixscanrandom -- prefix scan N times in random order\n"
"\tupdaterandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write for random "
"keys\n"
"\tappendrandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write with "
"growing values\n"
"\tmergerandom -- same as updaterandom/appendrandom using merge"
" operator. "
"Must be used with merge_operator\n"
"\tseekrandom -- N random seeks\n"
"\tcrc32c -- repeated crc32c of 4K of data\n"
"\tacquireload -- load N*1000 times\n"
"Meta operations:\n"
"\tcompact -- Compact the entire DB\n"
"\tstats -- Print DB stats\n"
"\tlevelstats -- Print the number of files and bytes per level\n"
"\tsstables -- Print sstable info\n"
"\theapprofile -- Dump a heap profile (if supported by this"
" port)\n");
DEFINE_int64(num, 1000000, "Number of key/values to place in database");
DEFINE_int64(numdistinct, 1000,
"Number of distinct keys to use. Used in RandomWithVerify to "
"read/write on fewer keys so that gets are more likely to find the"
" key and puts are more likely to update the same key");
DEFINE_int64(reads, -1, "Number of read operations to do. "
"If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.");
DEFINE_int64(read_range, 1, "When ==1 reads use ::Get, when >1 reads use"
" an iterator");
DEFINE_bool(use_prefix_blooms, false, "Whether to place prefixes in blooms");
DEFINE_bool(use_prefix_api, false, "Whether to set ReadOptions.prefix for"
" prefixscanrandom. If true, use_prefix_blooms must also be true.");
DEFINE_int64(seed, 0, "Seed base for random number generators. "
"When 0 it is deterministic.");
DEFINE_int32(threads, 1, "Number of concurrent threads to run.");
DEFINE_int32(duration, 0, "Time in seconds for the random-ops tests to run."
" When 0 then num & reads determine the test duration");
DEFINE_int32(value_size, 100, "Size of each value");
// the maximum size of key in bytes
static const int kMaxKeySize = 128;
static bool ValidateKeySize(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value > kMaxKeySize) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be < %d\n",
flagname, value, kMaxKeySize);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(key_size, 16, "size of each key");
static const bool FLAGS_key_size_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_key_size, &ValidateKeySize);
DEFINE_double(compression_ratio, 0.5, "Arrange to generate values that shrink"
" to this fraction of their original size after compression");
DEFINE_bool(histogram, false, "Print histogram of operation timings");
DEFINE_int32(write_buffer_size, rocksdb::Options().write_buffer_size,
"Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting");
DEFINE_int32(max_write_buffer_number,
rocksdb::Options().max_write_buffer_number,
"The number of in-memory memtables. Each memtable is of size"
"write_buffer_size.");
DEFINE_int32(min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
rocksdb::Options().min_write_buffer_number_to_merge,
"The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together"
"before writing to storage. This is cheap because it is an"
"in-memory merge. If this feature is not enabled, then all these"
"write buffers are flushed to L0 as separate files and this "
"increases read amplification because a get request has to check"
" in all of these files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in"
" writing less data to storage if there are duplicate records "
" in each of these individual write buffers.");
DEFINE_int32(max_background_compactions,
rocksdb::Options().max_background_compactions,
"The maximum number of concurrent background compactions"
" that can occur in parallel.");
static rocksdb::CompactionStyle FLAGS_compaction_style_e;
DEFINE_int32(compaction_style, (int32_t) rocksdb::Options().compaction_style,
"style of compaction: level-based vs universal");
DEFINE_int32(universal_size_ratio, 0,
"Percentage flexibility while comparing file size"
" (for universal compaction only).");
DEFINE_int32(universal_min_merge_width, 0, "The minimum number of files in a"
" single compaction run (for universal compaction only).");
DEFINE_int32(universal_max_merge_width, 0, "The max number of files to compact"
" in universal style compaction");
DEFINE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent, 0,
"The max size amplification for universal style compaction");
DEFINE_int64(cache_size, -1, "Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed"
"data. Negative means use default settings.");
DEFINE_int32(block_size, rocksdb::Options().block_size,
"Number of bytes in a block.");
DEFINE_int64(compressed_cache_size, -1,
"Number of bytes to use as a cache of compressed data.");
DEFINE_int32(open_files, rocksdb::Options().max_open_files,
"Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time"
" (use default if == 0)");
DEFINE_int32(bloom_bits, -1, "Bloom filter bits per key. Negative means"
" use default settings.");
DEFINE_bool(use_existing_db, false, "If true, do not destroy the existing"
" database. If you set this flag and also specify a benchmark that"
" wants a fresh database, that benchmark will fail.");
DEFINE_string(db, "", "Use the db with the following name.");
static bool ValidateCacheNumshardbits(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value >= 20) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be < 20\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(cache_numshardbits, -1, "Number of shards for the block cache"
" is 2 ** cache_numshardbits. Negative means use default settings."
" This is applied only if FLAGS_cache_size is non-negative.");
static const bool FLAGS_cache_numshardbits_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_cache_numshardbits,
&ValidateCacheNumshardbits);
DEFINE_int32(cache_remove_scan_count_limit, 32, "");
DEFINE_bool(verify_checksum, false, "Verify checksum for every block read"
" from storage");
DEFINE_bool(statistics, false, "Database statistics");
static class std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Statistics> dbstats;
DEFINE_int64(writes, -1, "Number of write operations to do. If negative, do"
" --num reads.");
DEFINE_int32(writes_per_second, 0, "Per-thread rate limit on writes per second."
" No limit when <= 0. Only for the readwhilewriting test.");
DEFINE_bool(sync, false, "Sync all writes to disk");
DEFINE_bool(disable_data_sync, false, "If true, do not wait until data is"
" synced to disk.");
DEFINE_bool(use_fsync, false, "If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync");
DEFINE_bool(disable_wal, false, "If true, do not write WAL for write.");
DEFINE_bool(use_snapshot, false, "If true, create a snapshot per query when"
" randomread benchmark is used");
DEFINE_bool(get_approx, false, "If true, call GetApproximateSizes per query"
" when read_range is > 1 and randomread benchmark is used");
DEFINE_int32(num_levels, 7, "The total number of levels");
DEFINE_int32(target_file_size_base, 2 * 1048576, "Target file size at level-1");
DEFINE_int32(target_file_size_multiplier, 1,
"A multiplier to compute target level-N file size (N >= 2)");
DEFINE_uint64(max_bytes_for_level_base, 10 * 1048576, "Max bytes for level-1");
DEFINE_int32(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier, 10,
"A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N (N >= 2)");
static std::vector<int> FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional_v;
DEFINE_string(max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional, "",
"A vector that specifies additional fanout per level");
DEFINE_int32(level0_stop_writes_trigger, 12, "Number of files in level-0"
" that will trigger put stop.");
DEFINE_int32(level0_slowdown_writes_trigger, 8, "Number of files in level-0"
" that will slow down writes.");
DEFINE_int32(level0_file_num_compaction_trigger, 4, "Number of files in level-0"
" when compactions start");
static bool ValidateInt32Percent(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value <= 0 || value>=100) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, 0< pct <100 \n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(readwritepercent, 90, "Ratio of reads to reads/writes (expressed"
" as percentage) for the ReadRandomWriteRandom workload. The "
"default value 90 means 90% operations out of all reads and writes"
" operations are reads. In other words, 9 gets for every 1 put.");
static const bool FLAGS_readwritepercent_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_readwritepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
DEFINE_int32(deletepercent, 2, "Percentage of deletes out of reads/writes/"
"deletes (used in RandomWithVerify only). RandomWithVerify "
"calculates writepercent as (100 - FLAGS_readwritepercent - "
"deletepercent), so deletepercent must be smaller than (100 - "
"FLAGS_readwritepercent)");
static const bool FLAGS_deletepercent_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_deletepercent, &ValidateInt32Percent);
DEFINE_int32(disable_seek_compaction, false, "Option to disable compaction"
" triggered by read.");
DEFINE_uint64(delete_obsolete_files_period_micros, 0, "Option to delete "
"obsolete files periodically. 0 means that obsolete files are"
" deleted after every compaction run.");
enum rocksdb::CompressionType StringToCompressionType(const char* ctype) {
assert(ctype);
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
return rocksdb::kNoCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
return rocksdb::kZlibCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
return rocksdb::kBZip2Compression;
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse compression type '%s'\n", ctype);
return rocksdb::kSnappyCompression; //default value
}
DEFINE_string(compression_type, "snappy",
"Algorithm to use to compress the database");
static enum rocksdb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type_e =
rocksdb::kSnappyCompression;
DEFINE_int32(min_level_to_compress, -1, "If non-negative, compression starts"
" from this level. Levels with number < min_level_to_compress are"
" not compressed. Otherwise, apply compression_type to "
"all levels.");
static bool ValidateTableCacheNumshardbits(const char* flagname,
int32_t value) {
if (0 >= value || value > 20) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d, must be 0 < val <= 20\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(table_cache_numshardbits, 4, "");
static const bool FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits,
&ValidateTableCacheNumshardbits);
DEFINE_string(hdfs, "", "Name of hdfs environment");
// posix or hdfs environment
static rocksdb::Env* FLAGS_env = rocksdb::Env::Default();
DEFINE_int64(stats_interval, 0, "Stats are reported every N operations when "
"this is greater than zero. When 0 the interval grows over time.");
DEFINE_int32(stats_per_interval, 0, "Reports additional stats per interval when"
" this is greater than 0.");
static bool ValidateRateLimit(const char* flagname, double value) {
static constexpr double EPSILON = 1e-10;
if ( value < -EPSILON ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %12.6f, must be >= 0.0\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_double(soft_rate_limit, 0.0, "");
static const bool FLAGS_soft_rate_limit_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_soft_rate_limit, &ValidateRateLimit);
DEFINE_double(hard_rate_limit, 0.0, "When not equal to 0 this make threads "
"sleep at each stats reporting interval until the compaction"
" score for all levels is less than or equal to this value.");
static const bool FLAGS_hard_rate_limit_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_hard_rate_limit, &ValidateRateLimit);
DEFINE_int32(rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds, 1000,
"When hard_rate_limit is set then this is the max time a put will"
" be stalled.");
DEFINE_int32(max_grandparent_overlap_factor, 10, "Control maximum bytes of "
"overlaps in grandparent (i.e., level+2) before we stop building a"
" single file in a level->level+1 compaction.");
DEFINE_bool(readonly, false, "Run read only benchmarks.");
DEFINE_bool(disable_auto_compactions, false, "Do not auto trigger compactions");
DEFINE_int32(source_compaction_factor, 1, "Cap the size of data in level-K for"
" a compaction run that compacts Level-K with Level-(K+1) (for"
" K >= 1)");
DEFINE_uint64(wal_ttl_seconds, 0, "Set the TTL for the WAL Files in seconds.");
DEFINE_uint64(wal_size_limit_MB, 0, "Set the size limit for the WAL Files"
" in MB.");
DEFINE_bool(bufferedio, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_os_buffer,
"Allow buffered io using OS buffers");
DEFINE_bool(mmap_read, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_reads,
"Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files");
DEFINE_bool(mmap_write, rocksdb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_writes,
"Allow writes to occur via mmap-ing files");
DEFINE_bool(advise_random_on_open, rocksdb::Options().advise_random_on_open,
"Advise random access on table file open");
DEFINE_string(compaction_fadvice, "NORMAL",
"Access pattern advice when a file is compacted");
static auto FLAGS_compaction_fadvice_e =
rocksdb::Options().access_hint_on_compaction_start;
DEFINE_bool(use_multiget, false,
"Use multiget to access a series of keys instead of get");
DEFINE_int64(keys_per_multiget, 90, "If use_multiget is true, determines number"
" of keys to group per call Arbitrary default is good because it"
" agrees with readwritepercent");
// TODO: Apply this flag to generic Get calls too. Currently only with Multiget
DEFINE_bool(warn_missing_keys, true, "Print a message to user when a key is"
" missing in a Get/MultiGet call");
DEFINE_bool(use_adaptive_mutex, rocksdb::Options().use_adaptive_mutex,
"Use adaptive mutex");
DEFINE_uint64(bytes_per_sync, rocksdb::Options().bytes_per_sync,
"Allows OS to incrementally sync files to disk while they are"
" being written, in the background. Issue one request for every"
" bytes_per_sync written. 0 turns it off.");
DEFINE_bool(filter_deletes, false, " On true, deletes use bloom-filter and drop"
" the delete if key not present");
static bool ValidatePrefixSize(const char* flagname, int32_t value) {
if (value < 0 || value>=2000000000) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid value for --%s: %d. 0<= PrefixSize <=2000000000\n",
flagname, value);
return false;
}
return true;
}
DEFINE_int32(prefix_size, 0, "Control the prefix size for PrefixHashRep");
static const bool FLAGS_prefix_size_dummy =
google::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_prefix_size, &ValidatePrefixSize);
enum RepFactory {
kSkipList,
kPrefixHash,
kUnsorted,
kVectorRep
};
enum RepFactory StringToRepFactory(const char* ctype) {
assert(ctype);
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "skip_list"))
return kSkipList;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "prefix_hash"))
return kPrefixHash;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "unsorted"))
return kUnsorted;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "vector"))
return kVectorRep;
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse memreptable %s\n", ctype);
return kSkipList;
}
static enum RepFactory FLAGS_rep_factory;
DEFINE_string(memtablerep, "skip_list", "");
DEFINE_string(merge_operator, "", "The merge operator to use with the database."
"If a new merge operator is specified, be sure to use fresh"
" database The possible merge operators are defined in"
" utilities/merge_operators.h");
namespace rocksdb {
// Helper for quickly generating random data.
class RandomGenerator {
private:
std::string data_;
unsigned int pos_;
public:
RandomGenerator() {
// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
Random rnd(301);
std::string piece;
while (data_.size() < (unsigned)std::max(1048576, FLAGS_value_size)) {
// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
data_.append(piece);
}
pos_ = 0;
}
Slice Generate(unsigned int len) {
if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
pos_ = 0;
assert(len < data_.size());
}
pos_ += len;
return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
}
};
static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
unsigned int start = 0;
while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
start++;
}
unsigned int limit = s.size();
while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
limit--;
}
return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
}
static void AppendWithSpace(std::string* str, Slice msg) {
if (msg.empty()) return;
if (!str->empty()) {
str->push_back(' ');
}
str->append(msg.data(), msg.size());
}
class Stats {
private:
int id_;
double start_;
double finish_;
double seconds_;
long long done_;
long long last_report_done_;
long long next_report_;
int64_t bytes_;
double last_op_finish_;
double last_report_finish_;
HistogramImpl hist_;
std::string message_;
bool exclude_from_merge_;
public:
Stats() { Start(-1); }
void Start(int id) {
id_ = id;
next_report_ = FLAGS_stats_interval ? FLAGS_stats_interval : 100;
last_op_finish_ = start_;
hist_.Clear();
done_ = 0;
last_report_done_ = 0;
bytes_ = 0;
seconds_ = 0;
start_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
finish_ = start_;
last_report_finish_ = start_;
message_.clear();
// When set, stats from this thread won't be merged with others.
exclude_from_merge_ = false;
}
void Merge(const Stats& other) {
if (other.exclude_from_merge_)
return;
hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
done_ += other.done_;
bytes_ += other.bytes_;
seconds_ += other.seconds_;
if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
// Just keep the messages from one thread
if (message_.empty()) message_ = other.message_;
}
void Stop() {
finish_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
}
void AddMessage(Slice msg) {
AppendWithSpace(&message_, msg);
}
void SetId(int id) { id_ = id; }
void SetExcludeFromMerge() { exclude_from_merge_ = true; }
void FinishedSingleOp(DB* db) {
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double micros = now - last_op_finish_;
hist_.Add(micros);
if (micros > 20000 && !FLAGS_stats_interval) {
fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
fflush(stderr);
}
last_op_finish_ = now;
}
done_++;
if (done_ >= next_report_) {
if (!FLAGS_stats_interval) {
if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
else next_report_ += 100000;
fprintf(stderr, "... finished %lld ops%30s\r", done_, "");
fflush(stderr);
} else {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
fprintf(stderr,
"%s ... thread %d: (%lld,%lld) ops and "
"(%.1f,%.1f) ops/second in (%.6f,%.6f) seconds\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str(),
id_,
done_ - last_report_done_, done_,
(done_ - last_report_done_) /
((now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0),
done_ / ((now - start_) / 1000000.0),
(now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0,
(now - start_) / 1000000.0);
if (FLAGS_stats_per_interval) {
std::string stats;
if (db && db->GetProperty("rocksdb.stats", &stats))
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
fflush(stderr);
next_report_ += FLAGS_stats_interval;
last_report_finish_ = now;
last_report_done_ = done_;
}
}
}
void AddBytes(int64_t n) {
bytes_ += n;
}
void Report(const Slice& name) {
// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
// that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
std::string extra;
if (bytes_ > 0) {
// Rate is computed on actual elapsed time, not the sum of per-thread
// elapsed times.
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
char rate[100];
snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsed);
extra = rate;
}
AppendWithSpace(&extra, message_);
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
double throughput = (double)done_/elapsed;
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec;%s%s\n",
name.ToString().c_str(),
elapsed * 1e6 / done_,
(long)throughput,
(extra.empty() ? "" : " "),
extra.c_str());
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
}
fflush(stdout);
}
};
// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct SharedState {
port::Mutex mu;
port::CondVar cv;
int total;
// Each thread goes through the following states:
// (1) initializing
// (2) waiting for others to be initialized
// (3) running
// (4) done
long num_initialized;
long num_done;
bool start;
SharedState() : cv(&mu) { }
};
// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct ThreadState {
int tid; // 0..n-1 when running in n threads
Random64 rand; // Has different seeds for different threads
Stats stats;
SharedState* shared;
/* implicit */ ThreadState(int index)
: tid(index),
rand((FLAGS_seed ? FLAGS_seed : 1000) + index) {
}
};
class Duration {
public:
Duration(int max_seconds, long long max_ops) {
max_seconds_ = max_seconds;
max_ops_= max_ops;
ops_ = 0;
start_at_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
}
bool Done(int increment) {
if (increment <= 0) increment = 1; // avoid Done(0) and infinite loops
ops_ += increment;
if (max_seconds_) {
// Recheck every appx 1000 ops (exact iff increment is factor of 1000)
if ((ops_/1000) != ((ops_-increment)/1000)) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
return ((now - start_at_) / 1000000.0) >= max_seconds_;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
return ops_ > max_ops_;
}
}
private:
int max_seconds_;
long long max_ops_;
long long ops_;
double start_at_;
};
class Benchmark {
private:
shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
shared_ptr<Cache> compressed_cache_;
const FilterPolicy* filter_policy_;
const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor_;
DB* db_;
long long num_;
int value_size_;
int key_size_;
int entries_per_batch_;
WriteOptions write_options_;
long long reads_;
long long writes_;
long long readwrites_;
int heap_counter_;
char keyFormat_[100]; // will contain the format of key. e.g "%016d"
void PrintHeader() {
PrintEnvironment();
fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", FLAGS_key_size);
fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
FLAGS_value_size,
static_cast<int>(FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio + 0.5));
fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %lld\n", num_);
fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
((static_cast<int64_t>(FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "FileSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
(((FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio)
* num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "Write rate limit: %d\n", FLAGS_writes_per_second);
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case rocksdb::kNoCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: none\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kSnappyCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: snappy\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kZlibCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: zlib\n");
break;
case rocksdb::kBZip2Compression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: bzip2\n");
break;
}
switch (FLAGS_rep_factory) {
case kPrefixHash:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: prefix_hash\n");
break;
case kSkipList:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: skip_list\n");
break;
case kUnsorted:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: unsorted\n");
break;
case kVectorRep:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: vector\n");
break;
}
PrintWarnings();
fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void PrintWarnings() {
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
);
#endif
#ifndef NDEBUG
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
#endif
if (FLAGS_compression_type_e != rocksdb::kNoCompression) {
// The test string should not be too small.
const int len = FLAGS_block_size;
char* text = (char*) malloc(len+1);
bool result = true;
const char* name = nullptr;
std::string compressed;
memset(text, (int) 'y', len);
text[len] = '\0';
switch (FLAGS_compression_type_e) {
case kSnappyCompression:
result = port::Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Snappy";
break;
case kZlibCompression:
result = port::Zlib_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Zlib";
break;
case kBZip2Compression:
result = port::BZip2_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "BZip2";
break;
case kNoCompression:
assert(false); // cannot happen
break;
}
if (!result) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not enabled\n", name);
} else if (name && compressed.size() >= strlen(text)) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not effective\n", name);
}
free(text);
}
}
void PrintEnvironment() {
fprintf(stderr, "LevelDB: version %d.%d\n",
kMajorVersion, kMinorVersion);
#if defined(__linux)
time_t now = time(nullptr);
fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
if (cpuinfo != nullptr) {
char line[1000];
int num_cpus = 0;
std::string cpu_type;
std::string cache_size;
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
if (sep == nullptr) {
continue;
}
Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
if (key == "model name") {
++num_cpus;
cpu_type = val.ToString();
} else if (key == "cache size") {
cache_size = val.ToString();
}
}
fclose(cpuinfo);
fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
}
#endif
}
public:
Benchmark()
: cache_(FLAGS_cache_size >= 0 ?
(FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1 ?
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits,
FLAGS_cache_remove_scan_count_limit) :
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size)) : nullptr),
compressed_cache_(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size >= 0 ?
(FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1 ?
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits) :
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_compressed_cache_size)) : nullptr),
filter_policy_(FLAGS_bloom_bits >= 0
? NewBloomFilterPolicy(FLAGS_bloom_bits)
: nullptr),
prefix_extractor_(NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_key_size-1)),
db_(nullptr),
num_(FLAGS_num),
value_size_(FLAGS_value_size),
key_size_(FLAGS_key_size),
entries_per_batch_(1),
reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
writes_(FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes),
readwrites_((FLAGS_writes < 0 && FLAGS_reads < 0)? FLAGS_num :
((FLAGS_writes > FLAGS_reads) ? FLAGS_writes : FLAGS_reads)
),
heap_counter_(0) {
std::vector<std::string> files;
FLAGS_env->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &files);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("heap-")) {
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(FLAGS_db + "/" + files[i]);
}
}
if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
}
}
~Benchmark() {
delete db_;
delete filter_policy_;
delete prefix_extractor_;
}
//this function will construct string format for key. e.g "%016lld"
void ConstructStrFormatForKey(char* str, int keySize) {
str[0] = '%';
str[1] = '0';
sprintf(str+2, "%dlld%s", keySize, "%s");
}
unique_ptr<char []> GenerateKeyFromInt(long long v, const char* suffix = "") {
unique_ptr<char []> keyInStr(new char[kMaxKeySize]);
snprintf(keyInStr.get(), kMaxKeySize, keyFormat_, v, suffix);
return keyInStr;
}
void Run() {
PrintHeader();
Open();
const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks.c_str();
while (benchmarks != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
Slice name;
if (sep == nullptr) {
name = benchmarks;
benchmarks = nullptr;
} else {
name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
benchmarks = sep + 1;
}
// Sanitize parameters
num_ = FLAGS_num;
reads_ = (FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads);
writes_ = (FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes);
value_size_ = FLAGS_value_size;
key_size_ = FLAGS_key_size;
ConstructStrFormatForKey(keyFormat_, key_size_);
entries_per_batch_ = 1;
write_options_ = WriteOptions();
if (FLAGS_sync) {
write_options_.sync = true;
}
write_options_.disableWAL = FLAGS_disable_wal;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*) = nullptr;
bool fresh_db = false;
int num_threads = FLAGS_threads;
if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillbatch")) {
fresh_db = true;
entries_per_batch_ = 1000;