link.go

package netlink

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

// Link represents a link device from netlink. Shared link attributes
// like name may be retrieved using the Attrs() method. Unique data
// can be retrieved by casting the object to the proper type.
type Link interface {
	Attrs() *LinkAttrs
	Type() string
}

type (
	NsPid int
	NsFd  int
)

// LinkAttrs represents data shared by most link types
type LinkAttrs struct {
	Index        int
	MTU          int
	TxQLen       int // Transmit Queue Length
	Name         string
	HardwareAddr net.HardwareAddr
	Flags        net.Flags
	RawFlags     uint32
	ParentIndex  int         // index of the parent link device
	MasterIndex  int         // must be the index of a bridge
	Namespace    interface{} // nil | NsPid | NsFd
	Alias        string
	Statistics   *LinkStatistics
	Promisc      int
	Allmulti     int
	Multi        int
	Xdp          *LinkXdp
	EncapType    string
	Protinfo     *Protinfo
	OperState    LinkOperState
	PhysSwitchID int
	NetNsID      int
	NumTxQueues  int
	NumRxQueues  int
	GSOMaxSize   uint32
	GSOMaxSegs   uint32
	GROMaxSize   uint32
	Vfs          []VfInfo // virtual functions available on link
	Group        uint32
	Slave        LinkSlave
}

// LinkSlave represents a slave device.
type LinkSlave interface {
	SlaveType() string
}

// VfInfo represents configuration of virtual function
type VfInfo struct {
	ID        int
	Mac       net.HardwareAddr
	Vlan      int
	Qos       int
	TxRate    int // IFLA_VF_TX_RATE  Max TxRate
	Spoofchk  bool
	LinkState uint32
	MaxTxRate uint32 // IFLA_VF_RATE Max TxRate
	MinTxRate uint32 // IFLA_VF_RATE Min TxRate
	RxPackets uint64
	TxPackets uint64
	RxBytes   uint64
	TxBytes   uint64
	Multicast uint64
	Broadcast uint64
	RxDropped uint64
	TxDropped uint64

	RssQuery uint32
	Trust    uint32
}

// LinkOperState represents the values of the IFLA_OPERSTATE link
// attribute, which contains the RFC2863 state of the interface.
type LinkOperState uint8

const (
	OperUnknown        = iota // Status can't be determined.
	OperNotPresent            // Some component is missing.
	OperDown                  // Down.
	OperLowerLayerDown        // Down due to state of lower layer.
	OperTesting               // In some test mode.
	OperDormant               // Not up but pending an external event.
	OperUp                    // Up, ready to send packets.
)

func (s LinkOperState) String() string {
	switch s {
	case OperNotPresent:
		return "not-present"
	case OperDown:
		return "down"
	case OperLowerLayerDown:
		return "lower-layer-down"
	case OperTesting:
		return "testing"
	case OperDormant:
		return "dormant"
	case OperUp:
		return "up"
	default:
		return "unknown"
	}
}

// NewLinkAttrs returns LinkAttrs structure filled with default values
func NewLinkAttrs() LinkAttrs {
	return LinkAttrs{
		NetNsID: -1,
		TxQLen:  -1,
	}
}

type LinkStatistics LinkStatistics64

/*
Ref: struct rtnl_link_stats {...}
*/
type LinkStatistics32 struct {
	RxPackets         uint32
	TxPackets         uint32
	RxBytes           uint32
	TxBytes           uint32
	RxErrors          uint32
	TxErrors          uint32
	RxDropped         uint32
	TxDropped         uint32
	Multicast         uint32
	Collisions        uint32
	RxLengthErrors    uint32
	RxOverErrors      uint32
	RxCrcErrors       uint32
	RxFrameErrors     uint32
	RxFifoErrors      uint32
	RxMissedErrors    uint32
	TxAbortedErrors   uint32
	TxCarrierErrors   uint32
	TxFifoErrors      uint32
	TxHeartbeatErrors uint32
	TxWindowErrors    uint32
	RxCompressed      uint32
	TxCompressed      uint32
}

func (s32 LinkStatistics32) to64() *LinkStatistics64 {
	return &LinkStatistics64{
		RxPackets:         uint64(s32.RxPackets),
		TxPackets:         uint64(s32.TxPackets),
		RxBytes:           uint64(s32.RxBytes),
		TxBytes:           uint64(s32.TxBytes),
		RxErrors:          uint64(s32.RxErrors),
		TxErrors:          uint64(s32.TxErrors),
		RxDropped:         uint64(s32.RxDropped),
		TxDropped:         uint64(s32.TxDropped),
		Multicast:         uint64(s32.Multicast),
		Collisions:        uint64(s32.Collisions),
		RxLengthErrors:    uint64(s32.RxLengthErrors),
		RxOverErrors:      uint64(s32.RxOverErrors),
		RxCrcErrors:       uint64(s32.RxCrcErrors),
		RxFrameErrors:     uint64(s32.RxFrameErrors),
		RxFifoErrors:      uint64(s32.RxFifoErrors),
		RxMissedErrors:    uint64(s32.RxMissedErrors),
		TxAbortedErrors:   uint64(s32.TxAbortedErrors),
		TxCarrierErrors:   uint64(s32.TxCarrierErrors),
		TxFifoErrors:      uint64(s32.TxFifoErrors),
		TxHeartbeatErrors: uint64(s32.TxHeartbeatErrors),
		TxWindowErrors:    uint64(s32.TxWindowErrors),
		RxCompressed:      uint64(s32.RxCompressed),
		TxCompressed:      uint64(s32.TxCompressed),
	}
}

/*
Ref: struct rtnl_link_stats64 {...}
*/
type LinkStatistics64 struct {
	RxPackets         uint64
	TxPackets         uint64
	RxBytes           uint64
	TxBytes           uint64
	RxErrors          uint64
	TxErrors          uint64
	RxDropped         uint64
	TxDropped         uint64
	Multicast         uint64
	Collisions        uint64
	RxLengthErrors    uint64
	RxOverErrors      uint64
	RxCrcErrors       uint64
	RxFrameErrors     uint64
	RxFifoErrors      uint64
	RxMissedErrors    uint64
	TxAbortedErrors   uint64
	TxCarrierErrors   uint64
	TxFifoErrors      uint64
	TxHeartbeatErrors uint64
	TxWindowErrors    uint64
	RxCompressed      uint64
	TxCompressed      uint64
}

type LinkXdp struct {
	Fd         int
	Attached   bool
	AttachMode uint32
	Flags      uint32
	ProgId     uint32
}

// Device links cannot be created via netlink. These links
// are links created by udev like 'lo' and 'etho0'
type Device struct {
	LinkAttrs
}

func (device *Device) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &device.LinkAttrs
}

func (device *Device) Type() string {
	return "device"
}

// Dummy links are dummy ethernet devices
type Dummy struct {
	LinkAttrs
}

func (dummy *Dummy) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &dummy.LinkAttrs
}

func (dummy *Dummy) Type() string {
	return "dummy"
}

// Ifb links are advanced dummy devices for packet filtering
type Ifb struct {
	LinkAttrs
}

func (ifb *Ifb) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &ifb.LinkAttrs
}

func (ifb *Ifb) Type() string {
	return "ifb"
}

// Bridge links are simple linux bridges
type Bridge struct {
	LinkAttrs
	MulticastSnooping *bool
	AgeingTime        *uint32
	HelloTime         *uint32
	VlanFiltering     *bool
	VlanDefaultPVID   *uint16
}

func (bridge *Bridge) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &bridge.LinkAttrs
}

func (bridge *Bridge) Type() string {
	return "bridge"
}

// Vlan links have ParentIndex set in their Attrs()
type Vlan struct {
	LinkAttrs
	VlanId       int
	VlanProtocol VlanProtocol
}

func (vlan *Vlan) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &vlan.LinkAttrs
}

func (vlan *Vlan) Type() string {
	return "vlan"
}

type MacvlanMode uint16

const (
	MACVLAN_MODE_DEFAULT MacvlanMode = iota
	MACVLAN_MODE_PRIVATE
	MACVLAN_MODE_VEPA
	MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE
	MACVLAN_MODE_PASSTHRU
	MACVLAN_MODE_SOURCE
)

// Macvlan links have ParentIndex set in their Attrs()
type Macvlan struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Mode MacvlanMode

	// MACAddrs is only populated for Macvlan SOURCE links
	MACAddrs []net.HardwareAddr
}

func (macvlan *Macvlan) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &macvlan.LinkAttrs
}

func (macvlan *Macvlan) Type() string {
	return "macvlan"
}

// Macvtap - macvtap is a virtual interfaces based on macvlan
type Macvtap struct {
	Macvlan
}

func (macvtap Macvtap) Type() string {
	return "macvtap"
}

type TuntapMode uint16
type TuntapFlag uint16

// Tuntap links created via /dev/tun/tap, but can be destroyed via netlink
type Tuntap struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Mode       TuntapMode
	Flags      TuntapFlag
	NonPersist bool
	Queues     int
	Fds        []*os.File
	Owner      uint32
	Group      uint32
}

func (tuntap *Tuntap) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &tuntap.LinkAttrs
}

func (tuntap *Tuntap) Type() string {
	return "tuntap"
}

// Veth devices must specify PeerName on create
type Veth struct {
	LinkAttrs
	PeerName         string // veth on create only
	PeerHardwareAddr net.HardwareAddr
	PeerNamespace    interface{}
}

func (veth *Veth) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &veth.LinkAttrs
}

func (veth *Veth) Type() string {
	return "veth"
}

// Wireguard represent links of type "wireguard", see https://www.wireguard.com/
type Wireguard struct {
	LinkAttrs
}

func (wg *Wireguard) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &wg.LinkAttrs
}

func (wg *Wireguard) Type() string {
	return "wireguard"
}

// GenericLink links represent types that are not currently understood
// by this netlink library.
type GenericLink struct {
	LinkAttrs
	LinkType string
}

func (generic *GenericLink) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &generic.LinkAttrs
}

func (generic *GenericLink) Type() string {
	return generic.LinkType
}

type Vxlan struct {
	LinkAttrs
	VxlanId        int
	VtepDevIndex   int
	SrcAddr        net.IP
	Group          net.IP
	TTL            int
	TOS            int
	Learning       bool
	Proxy          bool
	RSC            bool
	L2miss         bool
	L3miss         bool
	UDPCSum        bool
	UDP6ZeroCSumTx bool
	UDP6ZeroCSumRx bool
	NoAge          bool
	GBP            bool
	FlowBased      bool
	Age            int
	Limit          int
	Port           int
	PortLow        int
	PortHigh       int
}

func (vxlan *Vxlan) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &vxlan.LinkAttrs
}

func (vxlan *Vxlan) Type() string {
	return "vxlan"
}

type IPVlanMode uint16

const (
	IPVLAN_MODE_L2 IPVlanMode = iota
	IPVLAN_MODE_L3
	IPVLAN_MODE_L3S
	IPVLAN_MODE_MAX
)

type IPVlanFlag uint16

const (
	IPVLAN_FLAG_BRIDGE IPVlanFlag = iota
	IPVLAN_FLAG_PRIVATE
	IPVLAN_FLAG_VEPA
)

type IPVlan struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Mode IPVlanMode
	Flag IPVlanFlag
}

func (ipvlan *IPVlan) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &ipvlan.LinkAttrs
}

func (ipvlan *IPVlan) Type() string {
	return "ipvlan"
}

// IPVtap - IPVtap is a virtual interfaces based on ipvlan
type IPVtap struct {
	IPVlan
}

func (ipvtap *IPVtap) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &ipvtap.LinkAttrs
}

func (ipvtap IPVtap) Type() string {
	return "ipvtap"
}

// VlanProtocol type
type VlanProtocol int

func (p VlanProtocol) String() string {
	s, ok := VlanProtocolToString[p]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("VlanProtocol(%d)", p)
	}
	return s
}

// StringToVlanProtocol returns vlan protocol, or unknown is the s is invalid.
func StringToVlanProtocol(s string) VlanProtocol {
	mode, ok := StringToVlanProtocolMap[s]
	if !ok {
		return VLAN_PROTOCOL_UNKNOWN
	}
	return mode
}

// VlanProtocol possible values
const (
	VLAN_PROTOCOL_UNKNOWN VlanProtocol = 0
	VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021Q   VlanProtocol = 0x8100
	VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021AD  VlanProtocol = 0x88A8
)

var VlanProtocolToString = map[VlanProtocol]string{
	VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021Q:  "802.1q",
	VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021AD: "802.1ad",
}

var StringToVlanProtocolMap = map[string]VlanProtocol{
	"802.1q":  VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021Q,
	"802.1ad": VLAN_PROTOCOL_8021AD,
}

// BondMode type
type BondMode int

func (b BondMode) String() string {
	s, ok := bondModeToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondMode(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// StringToBondMode returns bond mode, or unknown is the s is invalid.
func StringToBondMode(s string) BondMode {
	mode, ok := StringToBondModeMap[s]
	if !ok {
		return BOND_MODE_UNKNOWN
	}
	return mode
}

// Possible BondMode
const (
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_RR BondMode = iota
	BOND_MODE_ACTIVE_BACKUP
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_XOR
	BOND_MODE_BROADCAST
	BOND_MODE_802_3AD
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_TLB
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_ALB
	BOND_MODE_UNKNOWN
)

var bondModeToString = map[BondMode]string{
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_RR:    "balance-rr",
	BOND_MODE_ACTIVE_BACKUP: "active-backup",
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_XOR:   "balance-xor",
	BOND_MODE_BROADCAST:     "broadcast",
	BOND_MODE_802_3AD:       "802.3ad",
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_TLB:   "balance-tlb",
	BOND_MODE_BALANCE_ALB:   "balance-alb",
}
var StringToBondModeMap = map[string]BondMode{
	"balance-rr":    BOND_MODE_BALANCE_RR,
	"active-backup": BOND_MODE_ACTIVE_BACKUP,
	"balance-xor":   BOND_MODE_BALANCE_XOR,
	"broadcast":     BOND_MODE_BROADCAST,
	"802.3ad":       BOND_MODE_802_3AD,
	"balance-tlb":   BOND_MODE_BALANCE_TLB,
	"balance-alb":   BOND_MODE_BALANCE_ALB,
}

// BondArpValidate type
type BondArpValidate int

// Possible BondArpValidate value
const (
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_NONE BondArpValidate = iota
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ACTIVE
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_BACKUP
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ALL
)

var bondArpValidateToString = map[BondArpValidate]string{
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_NONE:   "none",
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ACTIVE: "active",
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_BACKUP: "backup",
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ALL:    "none",
}
var StringToBondArpValidateMap = map[string]BondArpValidate{
	"none":   BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_NONE,
	"active": BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ACTIVE,
	"backup": BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_BACKUP,
	"all":    BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_ALL,
}

func (b BondArpValidate) String() string {
	s, ok := bondArpValidateToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondArpValidate(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// BondPrimaryReselect type
type BondPrimaryReselect int

// Possible BondPrimaryReselect value
const (
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_ALWAYS BondPrimaryReselect = iota
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_BETTER
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_FAILURE
)

var bondPrimaryReselectToString = map[BondPrimaryReselect]string{
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_ALWAYS:  "always",
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_BETTER:  "better",
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_FAILURE: "failure",
}
var StringToBondPrimaryReselectMap = map[string]BondPrimaryReselect{
	"always":  BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_ALWAYS,
	"better":  BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_BETTER,
	"failure": BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_FAILURE,
}

func (b BondPrimaryReselect) String() string {
	s, ok := bondPrimaryReselectToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondPrimaryReselect(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// BondArpAllTargets type
type BondArpAllTargets int

// Possible BondArpAllTargets value
const (
	BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ANY BondArpAllTargets = iota
	BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ALL
)

var bondArpAllTargetsToString = map[BondArpAllTargets]string{
	BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ANY: "any",
	BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ALL: "all",
}
var StringToBondArpAllTargetsMap = map[string]BondArpAllTargets{
	"any": BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ANY,
	"all": BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_ALL,
}

func (b BondArpAllTargets) String() string {
	s, ok := bondArpAllTargetsToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondArpAllTargets(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// BondFailOverMac type
type BondFailOverMac int

// Possible BondFailOverMac value
const (
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_NONE BondFailOverMac = iota
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_ACTIVE
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_FOLLOW
)

var bondFailOverMacToString = map[BondFailOverMac]string{
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_NONE:   "none",
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_ACTIVE: "active",
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_FOLLOW: "follow",
}
var StringToBondFailOverMacMap = map[string]BondFailOverMac{
	"none":   BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_NONE,
	"active": BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_ACTIVE,
	"follow": BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_FOLLOW,
}

func (b BondFailOverMac) String() string {
	s, ok := bondFailOverMacToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondFailOverMac(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// BondXmitHashPolicy type
type BondXmitHashPolicy int

func (b BondXmitHashPolicy) String() string {
	s, ok := bondXmitHashPolicyToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("XmitHashPolicy(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// StringToBondXmitHashPolicy returns bond lacp arte, or unknown is the s is invalid.
func StringToBondXmitHashPolicy(s string) BondXmitHashPolicy {
	lacp, ok := StringToBondXmitHashPolicyMap[s]
	if !ok {
		return BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_UNKNOWN
	}
	return lacp
}

// Possible BondXmitHashPolicy value
const (
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2 BondXmitHashPolicy = iota
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER3_4
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2_3
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP2_3
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP3_4
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_UNKNOWN
)

var bondXmitHashPolicyToString = map[BondXmitHashPolicy]string{
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2:   "layer2",
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER3_4: "layer3+4",
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2_3: "layer2+3",
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP2_3: "encap2+3",
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP3_4: "encap3+4",
}
var StringToBondXmitHashPolicyMap = map[string]BondXmitHashPolicy{
	"layer2":   BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2,
	"layer3+4": BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER3_4,
	"layer2+3": BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_LAYER2_3,
	"encap2+3": BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP2_3,
	"encap3+4": BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_ENCAP3_4,
}

// BondLacpRate type
type BondLacpRate int

func (b BondLacpRate) String() string {
	s, ok := bondLacpRateToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("LacpRate(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// StringToBondLacpRate returns bond lacp arte, or unknown is the s is invalid.
func StringToBondLacpRate(s string) BondLacpRate {
	lacp, ok := StringToBondLacpRateMap[s]
	if !ok {
		return BOND_LACP_RATE_UNKNOWN
	}
	return lacp
}

// Possible BondLacpRate value
const (
	BOND_LACP_RATE_SLOW BondLacpRate = iota
	BOND_LACP_RATE_FAST
	BOND_LACP_RATE_UNKNOWN
)

var bondLacpRateToString = map[BondLacpRate]string{
	BOND_LACP_RATE_SLOW: "slow",
	BOND_LACP_RATE_FAST: "fast",
}
var StringToBondLacpRateMap = map[string]BondLacpRate{
	"slow": BOND_LACP_RATE_SLOW,
	"fast": BOND_LACP_RATE_FAST,
}

// BondAdSelect type
type BondAdSelect int

// Possible BondAdSelect value
const (
	BOND_AD_SELECT_STABLE BondAdSelect = iota
	BOND_AD_SELECT_BANDWIDTH
	BOND_AD_SELECT_COUNT
)

var bondAdSelectToString = map[BondAdSelect]string{
	BOND_AD_SELECT_STABLE:    "stable",
	BOND_AD_SELECT_BANDWIDTH: "bandwidth",
	BOND_AD_SELECT_COUNT:     "count",
}
var StringToBondAdSelectMap = map[string]BondAdSelect{
	"stable":    BOND_AD_SELECT_STABLE,
	"bandwidth": BOND_AD_SELECT_BANDWIDTH,
	"count":     BOND_AD_SELECT_COUNT,
}

func (b BondAdSelect) String() string {
	s, ok := bondAdSelectToString[b]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("BondAdSelect(%d)", b)
	}
	return s
}

// BondAdInfo represents ad info for bond
type BondAdInfo struct {
	AggregatorId int
	NumPorts     int
	ActorKey     int
	PartnerKey   int
	PartnerMac   net.HardwareAddr
}

// Bond representation
type Bond struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Mode            BondMode
	ActiveSlave     int
	Miimon          int
	UpDelay         int
	DownDelay       int
	UseCarrier      int
	ArpInterval     int
	ArpIpTargets    []net.IP
	ArpValidate     BondArpValidate
	ArpAllTargets   BondArpAllTargets
	Primary         int
	PrimaryReselect BondPrimaryReselect
	FailOverMac     BondFailOverMac
	XmitHashPolicy  BondXmitHashPolicy
	ResendIgmp      int
	NumPeerNotif    int
	AllSlavesActive int
	MinLinks        int
	LpInterval      int
	PacketsPerSlave int
	LacpRate        BondLacpRate
	AdSelect        BondAdSelect
	// looking at iproute tool AdInfo can only be retrived. It can't be set.
	AdInfo         *BondAdInfo
	AdActorSysPrio int
	AdUserPortKey  int
	AdActorSystem  net.HardwareAddr
	TlbDynamicLb   int
}

func NewLinkBond(atr LinkAttrs) *Bond {
	return &Bond{
		LinkAttrs:       atr,
		Mode:            -1,
		ActiveSlave:     -1,
		Miimon:          -1,
		UpDelay:         -1,
		DownDelay:       -1,
		UseCarrier:      -1,
		ArpInterval:     -1,
		ArpIpTargets:    nil,
		ArpValidate:     -1,
		ArpAllTargets:   -1,
		Primary:         -1,
		PrimaryReselect: -1,
		FailOverMac:     -1,
		XmitHashPolicy:  -1,
		ResendIgmp:      -1,
		NumPeerNotif:    -1,
		AllSlavesActive: -1,
		MinLinks:        -1,
		LpInterval:      -1,
		PacketsPerSlave: -1,
		LacpRate:        -1,
		AdSelect:        -1,
		AdActorSysPrio:  -1,
		AdUserPortKey:   -1,
		AdActorSystem:   nil,
		TlbDynamicLb:    -1,
	}
}

// Flag mask for bond options. Bond.Flagmask must be set to on for option to work.
const (
	BOND_MODE_MASK uint64 = 1 << (1 + iota)
	BOND_ACTIVE_SLAVE_MASK
	BOND_MIIMON_MASK
	BOND_UPDELAY_MASK
	BOND_DOWNDELAY_MASK
	BOND_USE_CARRIER_MASK
	BOND_ARP_INTERVAL_MASK
	BOND_ARP_VALIDATE_MASK
	BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS_MASK
	BOND_PRIMARY_MASK
	BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT_MASK
	BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC_MASK
	BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY_MASK
	BOND_RESEND_IGMP_MASK
	BOND_NUM_PEER_NOTIF_MASK
	BOND_ALL_SLAVES_ACTIVE_MASK
	BOND_MIN_LINKS_MASK
	BOND_LP_INTERVAL_MASK
	BOND_PACKETS_PER_SLAVE_MASK
	BOND_LACP_RATE_MASK
	BOND_AD_SELECT_MASK
)

// Attrs implementation.
func (bond *Bond) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &bond.LinkAttrs
}

// Type implementation fro Vxlan.
func (bond *Bond) Type() string {
	return "bond"
}

// BondSlaveState represents the values of the IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_STATE bond slave
// attribute, which contains the state of the bond slave.
type BondSlaveState uint8

const (
	//BondStateActive Link is active.
	BondStateActive BondSlaveState = iota
	//BondStateBackup Link is backup.
	BondStateBackup
)

func (s BondSlaveState) String() string {
	switch s {
	case BondStateActive:
		return "ACTIVE"
	case BondStateBackup:
		return "BACKUP"
	default:
		return strconv.Itoa(int(s))
	}
}

// BondSlaveMiiStatus represents the values of the IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_MII_STATUS bond slave
// attribute, which contains the status of MII link monitoring
type BondSlaveMiiStatus uint8

const (
	//BondLinkUp link is up and running.
	BondLinkUp BondSlaveMiiStatus = iota
	//BondLinkFail link has just gone down.
	BondLinkFail
	//BondLinkDown link has been down for too long time.
	BondLinkDown
	//BondLinkBack link is going back.
	BondLinkBack
)

func (s BondSlaveMiiStatus) String() string {
	switch s {
	case BondLinkUp:
		return "UP"
	case BondLinkFail:
		return "GOING_DOWN"
	case BondLinkDown:
		return "DOWN"
	case BondLinkBack:
		return "GOING_BACK"
	default:
		return strconv.Itoa(int(s))
	}
}

type BondSlave struct {
	State                  BondSlaveState
	MiiStatus              BondSlaveMiiStatus
	LinkFailureCount       uint32
	PermHardwareAddr       net.HardwareAddr
	QueueId                uint16
	AggregatorId           uint16
	AdActorOperPortState   uint8
	AdPartnerOperPortState uint16
}

func (b *BondSlave) SlaveType() string {
	return "bond"
}

type VrfSlave struct {
	Table uint32
}

func (v *VrfSlave) SlaveType() string {
	return "vrf"
}

// Geneve devices must specify RemoteIP and ID (VNI) on create
// https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/47ec5303d73ea344e84f46660fff693c57641386/drivers/net/geneve.c#L1209-L1223
type Geneve struct {
	LinkAttrs
	ID             uint32 // vni
	Remote         net.IP
	Ttl            uint8
	Tos            uint8
	Dport          uint16
	UdpCsum        uint8
	UdpZeroCsum6Tx uint8
	UdpZeroCsum6Rx uint8
	Link           uint32
	FlowBased      bool
}

func (geneve *Geneve) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &geneve.LinkAttrs
}

func (geneve *Geneve) Type() string {
	return "geneve"
}

// Gretap devices must specify LocalIP and RemoteIP on create
type Gretap struct {
	LinkAttrs
	IKey       uint32
	OKey       uint32
	EncapSport uint16
	EncapDport uint16
	Local      net.IP
	Remote     net.IP
	IFlags     uint16
	OFlags     uint16
	PMtuDisc   uint8
	Ttl        uint8
	Tos        uint8
	EncapType  uint16
	EncapFlags uint16
	Link       uint32
	FlowBased  bool
}

func (gretap *Gretap) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &gretap.LinkAttrs
}

func (gretap *Gretap) Type() string {
	if gretap.Local.To4() == nil {
		return "ip6gretap"
	}
	return "gretap"
}

type Iptun struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Ttl        uint8
	Tos        uint8
	PMtuDisc   uint8
	Link       uint32
	Local      net.IP
	Remote     net.IP
	EncapSport uint16
	EncapDport uint16
	EncapType  uint16
	EncapFlags uint16
	FlowBased  bool
	Proto      uint8
}

func (iptun *Iptun) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &iptun.LinkAttrs
}

func (iptun *Iptun) Type() string {
	return "ipip"
}

type Ip6tnl struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Link       uint32
	Local      net.IP
	Remote     net.IP
	Ttl        uint8
	Tos        uint8
	Flags      uint32
	Proto      uint8
	FlowInfo   uint32
	EncapLimit uint8
	EncapType  uint16
	EncapFlags uint16
	EncapSport uint16
	EncapDport uint16
}

func (ip6tnl *Ip6tnl) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &ip6tnl.LinkAttrs
}

func (ip6tnl *Ip6tnl) Type() string {
	return "ip6tnl"
}

// from https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.15.4/source/include/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h#L84
type TunnelEncapType uint16

const (
	None TunnelEncapType = iota
	FOU
	GUE
)

// from https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.15.4/source/include/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h#L91
type TunnelEncapFlag uint16

const (
	CSum    TunnelEncapFlag = 1 << 0
	CSum6                   = 1 << 1
	RemCSum                 = 1 << 2
)

// from https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/include/uapi/linux/ip6_tunnel.h#L12
type IP6TunnelFlag uint16

const (
	IP6_TNL_F_IGN_ENCAP_LIMIT    IP6TunnelFlag = 1  // don't add encapsulation limit if one isn't present in inner packet
	IP6_TNL_F_USE_ORIG_TCLASS                  = 2  // copy the traffic class field from the inner packet
	IP6_TNL_F_USE_ORIG_FLOWLABEL               = 4  // copy the flowlabel from the inner packet
	IP6_TNL_F_MIP6_DEV                         = 8  // being used for Mobile IPv6
	IP6_TNL_F_RCV_DSCP_COPY                    = 10 // copy DSCP from the outer packet
	IP6_TNL_F_USE_ORIG_FWMARK                  = 20 // copy fwmark from inner packet
	IP6_TNL_F_ALLOW_LOCAL_REMOTE               = 40 // allow remote endpoint on the local node
)

type Sittun struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Link       uint32
	Ttl        uint8
	Tos        uint8
	PMtuDisc   uint8
	Proto      uint8
	Local      net.IP
	Remote     net.IP
	EncapLimit uint8
	EncapType  uint16
	EncapFlags uint16
	EncapSport uint16
	EncapDport uint16
}

func (sittun *Sittun) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &sittun.LinkAttrs
}

func (sittun *Sittun) Type() string {
	return "sit"
}

type Vti struct {
	LinkAttrs
	IKey   uint32
	OKey   uint32
	Link   uint32
	Local  net.IP
	Remote net.IP
}

func (vti *Vti) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &vti.LinkAttrs
}

func (vti *Vti) Type() string {
	if vti.Local.To4() == nil {
		return "vti6"
	}
	return "vti"
}

type Gretun struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Link       uint32
	IFlags     uint16
	OFlags     uint16
	IKey       uint32
	OKey       uint32
	Local      net.IP
	Remote     net.IP
	Ttl        uint8
	Tos        uint8
	PMtuDisc   uint8
	EncapType  uint16
	EncapFlags uint16
	EncapSport uint16
	EncapDport uint16
	FlowBased  bool
}

func (gretun *Gretun) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &gretun.LinkAttrs
}

func (gretun *Gretun) Type() string {
	if gretun.Local.To4() == nil {
		return "ip6gre"
	}
	return "gre"
}

type Vrf struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Table uint32
}

func (vrf *Vrf) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &vrf.LinkAttrs
}

func (vrf *Vrf) Type() string {
	return "vrf"
}

type GTP struct {
	LinkAttrs
	FD0         int
	FD1         int
	Role        int
	PDPHashsize int
}

func (gtp *GTP) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &gtp.LinkAttrs
}

func (gtp *GTP) Type() string {
	return "gtp"
}

// Virtual XFRM Interfaces
//
//	Named "xfrmi" to prevent confusion with XFRM objects
type Xfrmi struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Ifid uint32
}

func (xfrm *Xfrmi) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &xfrm.LinkAttrs
}

func (xfrm *Xfrmi) Type() string {
	return "xfrm"
}

// IPoIB interface

type IPoIBMode uint16

func (m *IPoIBMode) String() string {
	str, ok := iPoIBModeToString[*m]
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Sprintf("mode(%d)", *m)
	}
	return str
}

const (
	IPOIB_MODE_DATAGRAM = iota
	IPOIB_MODE_CONNECTED
)

var iPoIBModeToString = map[IPoIBMode]string{
	IPOIB_MODE_DATAGRAM:  "datagram",
	IPOIB_MODE_CONNECTED: "connected",
}

var StringToIPoIBMode = map[string]IPoIBMode{
	"datagram":  IPOIB_MODE_DATAGRAM,
	"connected": IPOIB_MODE_CONNECTED,
}

const (
	CAN_STATE_ERROR_ACTIVE = iota
	CAN_STATE_ERROR_WARNING
	CAN_STATE_ERROR_PASSIVE
	CAN_STATE_BUS_OFF
	CAN_STATE_STOPPED
	CAN_STATE_SLEEPING
)

type Can struct {
	LinkAttrs

	BitRate            uint32
	SamplePoint        uint32
	TimeQuanta         uint32
	PropagationSegment uint32
	PhaseSegment1      uint32
	PhaseSegment2      uint32
	SyncJumpWidth      uint32
	BitRatePreScaler   uint32

	Name                string
	TimeSegment1Min     uint32
	TimeSegment1Max     uint32
	TimeSegment2Min     uint32
	TimeSegment2Max     uint32
	SyncJumpWidthMax    uint32
	BitRatePreScalerMin uint32
	BitRatePreScalerMax uint32
	BitRatePreScalerInc uint32

	ClockFrequency uint32

	State uint32

	Mask  uint32
	Flags uint32

	TxError uint16
	RxError uint16

	RestartMs uint32
}

func (can *Can) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &can.LinkAttrs
}

func (can *Can) Type() string {
	return "can"
}

type IPoIB struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Pkey   uint16
	Mode   IPoIBMode
	Umcast uint16
}

func (ipoib *IPoIB) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &ipoib.LinkAttrs
}

func (ipoib *IPoIB) Type() string {
	return "ipoib"
}

type BareUDP struct {
	LinkAttrs
	Port       uint16
	EtherType  uint16
	SrcPortMin uint16
	MultiProto bool
}

func (bareudp *BareUDP) Attrs() *LinkAttrs {
	return &bareudp.LinkAttrs
}

func (bareudp *BareUDP) Type() string {
	return "bareudp"
}

// iproute2 supported devices;
// vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | macvtap |
// bridge | bond | ipoib | ip6tnl | ipip | sit | vxlan |
// gre | gretap | ip6gre | ip6gretap | vti | vti6 | nlmon |
// bond_slave | ipvlan | xfrm | bareudp

// LinkNotFoundError wraps the various not found errors when
// getting/reading links. This is intended for better error
// handling by dependent code so that "not found error" can
// be distinguished from other errors
type LinkNotFoundError struct {
	error
}