Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
263 lines (202 loc) · 10.3 KB

tutorial-url-route-cli.md

File metadata and controls

263 lines (202 loc) · 10.3 KB
title description services author ms.service ms.topic ms.date ms.author ms.custom
Tutorial - Route web traffic based on the URL - Azure CLI
In this tutorial, learn how to route web traffic based on the URL to specific scalable pools of servers using the Azure CLI.
application-gateway
vhorne
application-gateway
tutorial
10/25/2018
victorh
mvc

Tutorial: Route web traffic based on the URL using the Azure CLI

As an IT administrator managing web traffic, you want to help your customers or users get the information they need as quickly as possible. One way you can optimize their experience is by routing different kinds of web traffic to different server resources. This tutorial shows you how to use the Azure CLI to set up and configure Application Gateway routing for different types of traffic from your application. The routing then directs the traffic to different server pools based on the URL.

URL routing example

In this tutorial, you learn how to:

[!div class="checklist"]

  • Create a resource group for the network resources you’ll need
  • Create the network resources
  • Create an application gateway for the traffic coming from your application
  • Specify server pools and routing rules for the different types of traffic
  • Create a scale set for each pool so the pool can automatically scale
  • Run a test so you can verify that the different types of traffic go to the correct pool

If you prefer, you can complete this tutorial using Azure PowerShell or the Azure portal.

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.

[!INCLUDE cloud-shell-try-it.md]

If you choose to install and use the CLI locally, this tutorial requires you to run the Azure CLI version 2.0.4 or later. To find the version, run az --version. If you need to install or upgrade, see Install Azure CLI.

Create a resource group

A resource group is a logical container where Azure resources are deployed and managed. Create a resource group using az group create.

The following example creates a resource group named myResourceGroupAG in the eastus location.

az group create --name myResourceGroupAG --location eastus

Create network resources

Create the virtual network named myVNet and the subnet named myAGSubnet using az network vnet create. Then add a subnet named myBackendSubnet that's needed by the backend servers using az network vnet subnet create. Create the public IP address named myAGPublicIPAddress using az network public-ip create.

az network vnet create \
  --name myVNet \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --location eastus \
  --address-prefix 10.0.0.0/16 \
  --subnet-name myAGSubnet \
  --subnet-prefix 10.0.1.0/24

az network vnet subnet create \
  --name myBackendSubnet \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --vnet-name myVNet \
  --address-prefix 10.0.2.0/24

az network public-ip create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --name myAGPublicIPAddress

Create the app gateway with a URL map

Use az network application-gateway create to create an application gateway named myAppGateway. When you create an application gateway using the Azure CLI, you specify configuration information, such as capacity, sku, and HTTP settings. The application gateway is assigned to myAGSubnet and myAGPublicIPAddress that you previously created.

az network application-gateway create \
  --name myAppGateway \
  --location eastus \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --vnet-name myVNet \
  --subnet myAGsubnet \
  --capacity 2 \
  --sku Standard_Medium \
  --http-settings-cookie-based-affinity Disabled \
  --frontend-port 80 \
  --http-settings-port 80 \
  --http-settings-protocol Http \
  --public-ip-address myAGPublicIPAddress

It may take several minutes to create the application gateway. After the application gateway is created, you can see these new features:

Feature Description
appGatewayBackendPool An application gateway must have at least one backend address pool.
appGatewayBackendHttpSettings Specifies that port 80 and an HTTP protocol is used for communication.
appGatewayHttpListener The default listener associated with appGatewayBackendPool
appGatewayFrontendIP Assigns myAGPublicIPAddress to appGatewayHttpListener.
rule1 The default routing rule that is associated with appGatewayHttpListener.

Add image and video backend pools and a port

Add backend pools named imagesBackendPool and videoBackendPool to your application gateway by using az network application-gateway address-pool create. You add the frontend port for the pools using az network application-gateway frontend-port create.

az network application-gateway address-pool create \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --name imagesBackendPool

az network application-gateway address-pool create \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --name videoBackendPool

az network application-gateway frontend-port create \
  --port 8080 \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --name port8080

Add a backend listener

Add the backend listener named backendListener that's needed to route traffic using az network application-gateway http-listener create.

az network application-gateway http-listener create \
  --name backendListener \
  --frontend-ip appGatewayFrontendIP \
  --frontend-port port8080 \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway

Add a URL path map

URL path maps ensure that specific URLs are routed to specific backend pools. Create URL path maps named imagePathRule and videoPathRule using az network application-gateway url-path-map create and az network application-gateway url-path-map rule create.

az network application-gateway url-path-map create \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --name myPathMap \
  --paths /images/* \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --address-pool imagesBackendPool \
  --default-address-pool appGatewayBackendPool \
  --default-http-settings appGatewayBackendHttpSettings \
  --http-settings appGatewayBackendHttpSettings \
  --rule-name imagePathRule

az network application-gateway url-path-map rule create \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --name videoPathRule \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --path-map-name myPathMap \
  --paths /video/* \
  --address-pool videoBackendPool

Add a routing rule

The routing rule associates the URL maps with the listener that you created. Add a rule named rule2 using az network application-gateway rule create.

az network application-gateway rule create \
  --gateway-name myAppGateway \
  --name rule2 \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --http-listener backendListener \
  --rule-type PathBasedRouting \
  --url-path-map myPathMap \
  --address-pool appGatewayBackendPool

Create VM scale sets

In this tutorial, you create three virtual machine scale sets that support the three backend pools you created. You create scale sets named myvmss1, myvmss2, and myvmss3. Each scale set contains two virtual machine instances where you install NGINX.

for i in `seq 1 3`; do

  if [ $i -eq 1 ]
  then
    poolName="appGatewayBackendPool" 
  fi

  if [ $i -eq 2 ]
  then
    poolName="imagesBackendPool"
  fi

  if [ $i -eq 3 ]
  then
    poolName="videoBackendPool"
  fi

  az vmss create \
    --name myvmss$i \
    --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
    --image UbuntuLTS \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --admin-password Azure123456! \
    --instance-count 2 \
    --vnet-name myVNet \
    --subnet myBackendSubnet \
    --vm-sku Standard_DS2 \
    --upgrade-policy-mode Automatic \
    --app-gateway myAppGateway \
    --backend-pool-name $poolName
done

Install NGINX

for i in `seq 1 3`; do
  az vmss extension set \
    --publisher Microsoft.Azure.Extensions \
    --version 2.0 \
    --name CustomScript \
    --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
    --vmss-name myvmss$i \
    --settings '{ "fileUris": ["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-powershell-samples/master/application-gateway/iis/install_nginx.sh"], "commandToExecute": "./install_nginx.sh" }'
done

Test the application gateway

To get the public IP address of the application gateway, use az network public-ip show. Copy the public IP address, and then paste it into the address bar of your browser. Such as, http://40.121.222.19, http://40.121.222.19:8080/images/test.htm, or http://40.121.222.19:8080/video/test.htm.

az network public-ip show \
  --resource-group myResourceGroupAG \
  --name myAGPublicIPAddress \
  --query [ipAddress] \
  --output tsv

Test base URL in application gateway

Change the URL to http://<ip-address>:8080/images/test.html, substituting your IP address for <ip-address>, and you should see something like the following example:

Test images URL in application gateway

Change the URL to http://<ip-address>:8080/video/test.html, substituting your IP address for <ip-address>, and you should see something like the following example.

Test video URL in application gateway

Clean up resources

When they're no longer needed, remove the resource group, application gateway, and all related resources.

az group delete --name myResourceGroupAG --location eastus

Next steps

[!div class="nextstepaction"] Create an application gateway with URL path-based redirection