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The reference implementation of the Linux FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) interface
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General Information =================== FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) is a simple interface for userspace programs to export a virtual filesystem to the Linux kernel. FUSE also aims to provide a secure method for non privileged users to create and mount their own filesystem implementations. You can download the source code releases from http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse or alternatively you can use CVS to get the very latest development version by setting the cvsroot to :pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/fuse and checking out the 'fuse' module. Dependencies ============ Linux kernel version 2.4.X where X >= 21 (some vendor kernels earlier than this are also known to work). Linux kernel version 2.6.X where X >= 0. Installation ============ ./configure make make install modprobe fuse You may also need to add '/usr/local/lib' to '/etc/ld.so.conf' and/or run ldconfig. Linux kernels 2.6.14 or later contain FUSE support out of the box. If FUSE support is detected, the kernel module in this package will not be compiled. It is possible to override this with the '--enable-kernel-module' configure option. If './configure' cannot find the kernel source or it says the kernel source should be prepared, you may either try ./configure --disable-kernel-module or if your kernel does not already contain FUSE support, do the following: - Extract the kernel source to some directory - Copy the running kernel's config (usually found in /boot/config-X.Y.Z) to .config at the top of the source tree - Run 'make prepare' For more details see the file 'INSTALL' How To Use ========== FUSE is made up of three main parts: - A kernel filesystem module - A userspace library - A mount/unmount program Here's how to create your very own virtual filesystem in five easy steps (after installing FUSE): 1) Edit the file example/fusexmp.c to do whatever you want... 2) Build the fusexmp program 3) run 'example/fusexmp /mnt/fuse -d' 4) ls -al /mnt/fuse 5) Be glad If it doesn't work out, please ask! Also see the file 'include/fuse.h' for detailed documentation of the library interface. Security ======== If you run 'make install', the fusermount program is installed set-user-id to root. This is done to allow normal users to mount their own filesystem implementations. There must however be some limitations, in order to prevent Bad User from doing nasty things. Currently those limitations are: - The user can only mount on a mountpoint, for which it has write permission - The mountpoint is not a sticky directory which isn't owned by the user (like /tmp usually is) - No other user (including root) can access the contents of the mounted filesystem. Configuration ============= Some options regarding mount policy can be set in the file '/etc/fuse.conf' Currently these options are: mount_max = NNN Set the maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed to non-root users. The default is 1000. user_allow_other Allow non-root users to specify the 'allow_other' or 'allow_root' mount options. Mount options ============= These are FUSE specific mount options that can be specified for all filesystems: default_permissions By default FUSE doesn't check file access permissions, the filesystem is free to implement it's access policy or leave it to the underlying file access mechanism (e.g. in case of network filesystems). This option enables permission checking, restricting access based on file mode. This is option is usually useful together with the 'allow_other' mount option. allow_other This option overrides the security measure restricting file access to the user mounting the filesystem. So all users (including root) can access the files. This option is by default only allowed to root, but this restriction can be removed with a configuration option described in the previous section. allow_root This option is similar to 'allow_other' but file access is limited to the user mounting the filesystem and root. This option and 'allow_other' are mutually exclusive. kernel_cache This option disables flushing the cache of the file contents on every open(). This should only be enabled on filesystems, where the file data is never changed externally (not through the mounted FUSE filesystem). Thus it is not suitable for network filesystems and other "intermediate" filesystems. NOTE: if this option is not specified (and neither 'direct_io') data is still cached after the open(), so a read() system call will not always initiate a read operation. large_read Issue large read requests. This can improve performance for some filesystems, but can also degrade performance. This option is only useful on 2.4.X kernels, as on 2.6 kernels requests size is automatically determined for optimum performance. direct_io This option disables the use of page cache (file content cache) in the kernel for this filesystem. This has several affects: - Each read() or write() system call will initiate one or more read or write operations, data will not be cached in the kernel. - The return value of the read() and write() system calls will correspond to the return values of the read and write operations. This is useful for example if the file size is not known in advance (before reading it). max_read=N With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set. The default is infinite. Note that the size of read requests is limited anyway to 32 pages (which is 128kbyte on i386). hard_remove The default behavior is that if an open file is deleted, the file is renamed to a hidden file (.fuse_hiddenXXX), and only removed when the file is finally released. This relieves the filesystem implementation of having to deal with this problem. This option disables the hiding behavior, and files are removed immediately in an unlink operation (or in a rename operation which overwrites an existing file). It is recommended that you not use the hard_remove option. When hard_remove is set, the following libc functions fail on unlinked files (returning errno of ENOENT): - read() - write() - fsync() - close() - f*xattr() - ftruncate() - fstat() - fchmod() - fchown() debug Turns on debug information printing by the library. fsname=NAME Sets the filesystem name. The default is the program name. use_ino Honor the 'st_ino' field in getattr() and fill_dir(). This value is used to fill in the 'st_ino' field in the stat()/lstat()/fstat() functions and the 'd_ino' field in the readdir() function. The filesystem does not have to guarantee uniqueness, however some applications rely on this value being unique for the whole filesystem. readdir_ino If 'use_ino' option is not given, still try to fill in the 'd_ino' field in readdir(). If the name was previously looked up, and is still in the cache, the inode number found there will be used. Otherwise it will be set to '-1'. If 'use_ino' option is given, this option is ignored. nonempty Allows mounts over a non-empty file or directory. By default these mounts are rejected (from version 2.3.1) to prevent accidental covering up of data, which could for example prevent automatic backup. umask=M Override the permission bits in 'st_mode' set by the filesystem. The resulting permission bits are the ones missing from the given umask value. The value is given in octal representation. uid=N Override the 'st_uid' field set by the filesystem. gid=N Override the 'st_gid' field set by the filesystem.
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The reference implementation of the Linux FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) interface
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