cluster.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package cluster

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/certutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/tlsutil"

	log "github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/consts"
	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
)

const (
	ListenerAcceptDeadline = 500 * time.Millisecond
)

// Client is used to lookup a client certificate.
type Client interface {
	ClientLookup(context.Context, *tls.CertificateRequestInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error)
	ServerName() string
	CACert(ctx context.Context) *x509.Certificate
}

// Handler exposes functions for looking up TLS configuration and handing
// off a connection for a cluster listener application.
type Handler interface {
	ServerLookup(context.Context, *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error)
	CALookup(context.Context) ([]*x509.Certificate, error)

	// Handoff is used to pass the connection lifetime off to
	// the handler
	Handoff(context.Context, *sync.WaitGroup, chan struct{}, *tls.Conn) error
	Stop() error
}

type ClusterHook interface {
	AddClient(alpn string, client Client)
	RemoveClient(alpn string)
	AddHandler(alpn string, handler Handler)
	StopHandler(alpn string)
	TLSConfig(ctx context.Context) (*tls.Config, error)
	Addr() net.Addr
	GetDialerFunc(ctx context.Context, alpnProto string) func(string, time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
}

// Listener is the source of truth for cluster handlers and connection
// clients. It dynamically builds the cluster TLS information. It's also
// responsible for starting tcp listeners and accepting new cluster connections.
type Listener struct {
	handlers   map[string]Handler
	clients    map[string]Client
	shutdown   *uint32
	shutdownWg *sync.WaitGroup
	server     *http2.Server

	networkLayer              NetworkLayer
	cipherSuites              []uint16
	advertise                 net.Addr
	logger                    log.Logger
	l                         sync.RWMutex
	tlsConnectionLoggingLevel log.Level
}

func NewListener(networkLayer NetworkLayer, cipherSuites []uint16, logger log.Logger, idleTimeout time.Duration) *Listener {
	var maxStreams uint32 = math.MaxUint32
	if override := os.Getenv("VAULT_GRPC_MAX_STREAMS"); override != "" {
		i, err := strconv.ParseUint(override, 10, 32)
		if err != nil {
			logger.Warn("vault grpc max streams override must be an uint32 integer", "value", override)
		} else {
			maxStreams = uint32(i)
			logger.Info("overriding grpc max streams", "value", i)
		}
	}

	// Create the HTTP/2 server that will be shared by both RPC and regular
	// duties. Doing it this way instead of listening via the server and gRPC
	// allows us to re-use the same port via ALPN. We can just tell the server
	// to serve a given conn and which handler to use.
	h2Server := &http2.Server{
		// Our forwarding connections heartbeat regularly so anything else we
		// want to go away/get cleaned up pretty rapidly
		IdleTimeout: idleTimeout,

		// By default this is 250 which can be too small on high traffic
		// clusters with many forwarded or replication gRPC connections.
		MaxConcurrentStreams: maxStreams,
	}

	return &Listener{
		handlers:   make(map[string]Handler),
		clients:    make(map[string]Client),
		shutdown:   new(uint32),
		shutdownWg: &sync.WaitGroup{},
		server:     h2Server,

		networkLayer:              networkLayer,
		cipherSuites:              cipherSuites,
		logger:                    logger,
		tlsConnectionLoggingLevel: log.LevelFromString(os.Getenv("VAULT_CLUSTER_TLS_SESSION_LOG_LEVEL")),
	}
}

func (cl *Listener) SetAdvertiseAddr(addr string) error {
	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse advertise address: %w", err)
	}
	cl.advertise = &NetAddr{
		Host: u.Host,
	}

	return nil
}

func (cl *Listener) Addr() net.Addr {
	if cl.advertise != nil {
		return cl.advertise
	}

	addrs := cl.Addrs()
	if len(addrs) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return addrs[0]
}

func (cl *Listener) Addrs() []net.Addr {
	return cl.networkLayer.Addrs()
}

// AddClient adds a new client for an ALPN name
func (cl *Listener) AddClient(alpn string, client Client) {
	cl.l.Lock()
	cl.clients[alpn] = client
	cl.l.Unlock()
}

// RemoveClient removes the client for the specified ALPN name
func (cl *Listener) RemoveClient(alpn string) {
	cl.l.Lock()
	delete(cl.clients, alpn)
	cl.l.Unlock()
}

// AddHandler registers a new cluster handler for the provided ALPN name.
func (cl *Listener) AddHandler(alpn string, handler Handler) {
	cl.l.Lock()
	cl.handlers[alpn] = handler
	cl.l.Unlock()
}

// StopHandler stops the cluster handler for the provided ALPN name, it also
// calls stop on the handler.
func (cl *Listener) StopHandler(alpn string) {
	cl.l.Lock()
	handler, ok := cl.handlers[alpn]
	delete(cl.handlers, alpn)
	cl.l.Unlock()
	if ok {
		handler.Stop()
	}
}

// Handler returns the handler for the provided ALPN name
func (cl *Listener) Handler(alpn string) (Handler, bool) {
	cl.l.RLock()
	handler, ok := cl.handlers[alpn]
	cl.l.RUnlock()
	return handler, ok
}

// Server returns the http2 server that the cluster listener is using
func (cl *Listener) Server() *http2.Server {
	return cl.server
}

// TLSConfig returns a tls config object that uses dynamic lookups to correctly
// authenticate registered handlers/clients
func (cl *Listener) TLSConfig(ctx context.Context) (*tls.Config, error) {
	serverLookup := func(clientHello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
		cl.logger.Debug("performing server cert lookup")

		cl.l.RLock()
		defer cl.l.RUnlock()
		for _, v := range clientHello.SupportedProtos {
			if handler, ok := cl.handlers[v]; ok {
				return handler.ServerLookup(ctx, clientHello)
			}
		}

		cl.logger.Warn("no TLS certs found for ALPN", "ALPN", clientHello.SupportedProtos)
		return nil, errors.New("unsupported protocol")
	}

	clientLookup := func(requestInfo *tls.CertificateRequestInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
		cl.logger.Debug("performing client cert lookup")

		cl.l.RLock()
		defer cl.l.RUnlock()
		for _, client := range cl.clients {
			cert, err := client.ClientLookup(ctx, requestInfo)
			if err == nil && cert != nil {
				return cert, nil
			}
		}

		cl.logger.Warn("no client information found")
		return nil, errors.New("no client cert found")
	}

	serverConfigLookup := func(clientHello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
		caPool := x509.NewCertPool()

		ret := &tls.Config{
			ClientAuth:           tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert,
			GetCertificate:       serverLookup,
			GetClientCertificate: clientLookup,
			MinVersion:           tls.VersionTLS12,
			RootCAs:              caPool,
			ClientCAs:            caPool,
			NextProtos:           clientHello.SupportedProtos,
			CipherSuites:         cl.cipherSuites,
		}

		cl.l.RLock()
		defer cl.l.RUnlock()
		for _, v := range clientHello.SupportedProtos {
			if handler, ok := cl.handlers[v]; ok {
				caList, err := handler.CALookup(ctx)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}

				for _, ca := range caList {
					caPool.AddCert(ca)
				}
				return ret, nil
			}
		}

		cl.logger.Warn("no TLS config found for ALPN", "ALPN", clientHello.SupportedProtos)
		return nil, errors.New("unsupported protocol")
	}

	return &tls.Config{
		ClientAuth:           tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert,
		GetCertificate:       serverLookup,
		GetClientCertificate: clientLookup,
		GetConfigForClient:   serverConfigLookup,
		MinVersion:           tls.VersionTLS12,
		CipherSuites:         cl.cipherSuites,
	}, nil
}

// Run starts the tcp listeners and will accept connections until stop is
// called. This function blocks so should be called in a goroutine.
func (cl *Listener) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
	// Get our TLS config
	tlsConfig, err := cl.TLSConfig(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		cl.logger.Error("failed to get tls configuration when starting cluster listener", "error", err)
		return err
	}

	// The server supports all of the possible protos
	tlsConfig.NextProtos = []string{"h2", consts.RequestForwardingALPN, consts.PerfStandbyALPN, consts.PerformanceReplicationALPN, consts.DRReplicationALPN}

	for _, ln := range cl.networkLayer.Listeners() {
		// closeCh is used to shutdown the spawned goroutines once this
		// function returns
		closeCh := make(chan struct{})

		localLn := ln

		// Wrap the listener with TLS
		tlsLn := tls.NewListener(localLn, tlsConfig)

		if cl.logger.IsInfo() {
			cl.logger.Info("serving cluster requests", "cluster_listen_address", tlsLn.Addr())
		}

		cl.shutdownWg.Add(1)
		// Start our listening loop
		go func(closeCh chan struct{}, tlsLn net.Listener) {
			defer func() {
				cl.shutdownWg.Done()
				tlsLn.Close()
				close(closeCh)
			}()

			// baseDelay is the initial delay after an Accept() error before attempting again
			const baseDelay = 5 * time.Millisecond

			// maxDelay is the maximum delay after an Accept() error before attempting again.
			// In the case that this function is error-looping, it will delay the shutdown check.
			// Therefore, changes to maxDelay may have an effect on the latency of shutdown.
			const maxDelay = 1 * time.Second

			var loopDelay time.Duration
			for {
				if atomic.LoadUint32(cl.shutdown) > 0 {
					return
				}

				// Set the deadline for the accept call. If it passes we'll get
				// an error, causing us to check the condition at the top
				// again.
				localLn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(ListenerAcceptDeadline))

				// Accept the connection
				conn, err := tlsLn.Accept()
				if err != nil {
					err, ok := err.(net.Error)
					if ok && !err.Timeout() {
						cl.logger.Debug("non-timeout error accepting on cluster port", "error", err)
					}
					if conn != nil {
						conn.Close()
					}
					if ok && err.Timeout() {
						loopDelay = 0
						continue
					}

					if loopDelay == 0 {
						loopDelay = baseDelay
					} else {
						loopDelay *= 2
					}

					if loopDelay > maxDelay {
						loopDelay = maxDelay
					}

					time.Sleep(loopDelay)
					continue
				}
				// No error, reset loop delay
				loopDelay = 0

				if conn == nil {
					continue
				}

				// Type assert to TLS connection and handshake to populate the
				// connection state
				tlsConn := conn.(*tls.Conn)

				// Set a deadline for the handshake. This will cause clients
				// that don't successfully auth to be kicked out quickly.
				// Cluster connections should be reliable so being marginally
				// aggressive here is fine.
				err = tlsConn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(30 * time.Second))
				if err != nil {
					if cl.logger.IsDebug() {
						cl.logger.Debug("error setting deadline for cluster connection", "error", err)
					}
					tlsConn.Close()
					continue
				}

				err = tlsConn.Handshake()
				if err != nil {
					if cl.logger.IsDebug() {
						cl.logger.Debug("error handshaking cluster connection", "error", err)
					}
					tlsConn.Close()
					continue
				}

				cl.logTLSSessionStart(tlsConn.RemoteAddr().String(), tlsConn.ConnectionState())

				// Now, set it back to unlimited
				err = tlsConn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
				if err != nil {
					if cl.logger.IsDebug() {
						cl.logger.Debug("error setting deadline for cluster connection", "error", err)
					}
					tlsConn.Close()
					continue
				}

				cl.l.RLock()
				handler, ok := cl.handlers[tlsConn.ConnectionState().NegotiatedProtocol]
				cl.l.RUnlock()
				if !ok {
					cl.logger.Debug("unknown negotiated protocol on cluster port")
					tlsConn.Close()
					continue
				}

				if err := handler.Handoff(ctx, cl.shutdownWg, closeCh, tlsConn); err != nil {
					cl.logger.Error("error handling cluster connection", "error", err)
					continue
				}
			}
		}(closeCh, tlsLn)
	}

	return nil
}

// Stop stops the cluster listener
func (cl *Listener) Stop() {
	// Set the shutdown flag. This will cause the listeners to shut down
	// within the deadline in clusterListenerAcceptDeadline
	atomic.StoreUint32(cl.shutdown, 1)
	cl.logger.Info("forwarding rpc listeners stopped")

	// Wait for them all to shut down
	cl.shutdownWg.Wait()
	cl.logger.Info("rpc listeners successfully shut down")
}

// GetDialerFunc returns a function that looks up the TLS information for the
// provided alpn name and calls the network layer's dial function.
func (cl *Listener) GetDialerFunc(ctx context.Context, alpn string) func(string, time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
	return func(addr string, timeout time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
		tlsConfig, err := cl.TLSConfig(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			cl.logger.Error("failed to get tls configuration", "error", err)
			return nil, err
		}

		if tlsConfig == nil {
			return nil, errors.New("no tls config found")
		}

		cl.l.RLock()
		client, ok := cl.clients[alpn]
		cl.l.RUnlock()
		if !ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no client configured for alpn: %q", alpn)
		}

		serverName := client.ServerName()
		if serverName != "" {
			tlsConfig.ServerName = serverName
		}

		caCert := client.CACert(ctx)
		if caCert != nil {
			pool := x509.NewCertPool()
			pool.AddCert(caCert)
			tlsConfig.RootCAs = pool
			tlsConfig.ClientCAs = pool
		}

		tlsConfig.NextProtos = []string{alpn}
		cl.logger.Debug("creating rpc dialer", "address", addr, "alpn", alpn, "host", tlsConfig.ServerName)

		conn, err := cl.networkLayer.Dial(addr, timeout, tlsConfig)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		cl.logTLSSessionStart(conn.RemoteAddr().String(), conn.ConnectionState())
		return conn, nil
	}
}

func (cl *Listener) logTLSSessionStart(peerAddress string, state tls.ConnectionState) {
	if cl.tlsConnectionLoggingLevel != log.NoLevel {
		cipherName, _ := tlsutil.GetCipherName(state.CipherSuite)
		cl.logger.Log(cl.tlsConnectionLoggingLevel, "TLS connection established", "peer", peerAddress, "negotiated_protocol", state.NegotiatedProtocol, "cipher_suite", cipherName)
		for _, chain := range state.VerifiedChains {
			for _, cert := range chain {
				cl.logger.Log(cl.tlsConnectionLoggingLevel, "Peer certificate", "is_ca", cert.IsCA, "serial_number", cert.SerialNumber.String(), "subject", cert.Subject.String(),
					"signature_algorithm", cert.SignatureAlgorithm.String(), "public_key_algorithm", cert.PublicKeyAlgorithm.String(), "public_key_size", certutil.GetPublicKeySize(cert.PublicKey))
			}
		}
	}
}

// NetworkListener is used by the network layer to define a net.Listener for use
// in the cluster listener.
type NetworkListener interface {
	net.Listener

	SetDeadline(t time.Time) error
}

// NetworkLayer is the network abstraction used in the cluster listener.
// Abstracting the network layer out allows us to swap the underlying
// implementations for tests.
type NetworkLayer interface {
	Addrs() []net.Addr
	Listeners() []NetworkListener
	Dial(address string, timeout time.Duration, tlsConfig *tls.Config) (*tls.Conn, error)
	Close() error
}

// NetworkLayerSet is used for returning a slice of layers to a caller.
type NetworkLayerSet interface {
	Layers() []NetworkLayer
}

type NetAddr struct {
	Host string
}

func (c *NetAddr) String() string {
	return c.Host
}

func (*NetAddr) Network() string {
	return "tcp"
}