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...menustart

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VIM

插件安装

  • 安装vundle

    git clone https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle

  • 在.vimrc配置文件中添加vundle支持

    filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/
call vundle#rc()

  • 配置插件

    • bundle分为三类，比较常用就是第二种：
      1. 在Github vim-scripts 用户下的repos,只需要写出repos名称
      2. 在Github其他用户下的repos, 需要写出”用户名/repos名”
      3. 不在Github上的插件，需要写出git全路径

    • 将安装的插件在~/.vimrc配置最后

      " 使用Vundle来管理Vundle
Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'
 
" Define bundles via Github repos
Bundle 'christoomey/vim-run-interactive'
Bundle 'croaky/vim-colors-github'
Bundle "Valloric/YouCompleteMe"
...

  • 安装插件

    • 打开vim，运行 :BundleInstall 或在shell中直接运行
    vim +BundleInstall +qall
    • update :
    vim +PluginUpdate

YouCompleteMe 配置

  • for C family support: ./install.py --clangd-completer
    • 加上 --system-libclang 则使用mac 自带的libclang，但是一般版本比较旧，会有问题
  • C# support: install Mono and add --cs-completer when calling ./install.py.
  • Go support: install Go and add --go-completer when calling ./install.py.
    • go 1.13
    export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io
  • JavaScript and TypeScript support: install Node.js and npm and add --ts-completer when calling install.py.
  • Rust support: install Rust and add --rust-completer when calling ./install.py.
    • put ~/.cargo/bin in you $PATH ?
    # rust
export PATH=$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH
  • Java support: install JDK8 (version 8 required) and add --java-completer when calling ./install.py.

  • for common using

    python install.py --clangd-completer --cs-completer  --go-completer --ts-completer --java-completer
    • --clangd-completer 不支持 c/c++/Objc ？
    --clang-completer --system-libclang

YCMD 排错

  • msbuild or xbuild is required to build Omnisharp
    • install MonoFrameWork
  • vim +PluginInstall YouCompleteMe 有时 helptags 会报错
    • 修复报错 目录权限 chmod -R 777 xxx
  • Tagbar 需要安装 ctags    - brew install ctags
    • use : TagbarToggle
  • python 语法检查   - pip install flake8
  • vim 诊断
    • :YcmDebugInfo
  • vim check logs
    • YcmToggleLogs
  • uninstall mono framework on OSX
  • snipmate <TAB> YouCompleteMe 冲突
    • ~/.vim/bundle/snipmate.vim/after/plugin/snipMate.vim
    change 

" You can safely adjust these mappings to your preferences (as explained in
" :help snipMate-remap).
ino <silent> <tab> <c-r>=TriggerSnippet()<cr>
snor <silent> <tab> <esc>i<right><c-r>=TriggerSnippet()<cr>

to 

ino <silent> <C-\> <c-r>=TriggerSnippet()<cr>
snor <silent> <C-\> <esc>i<right><c-r>=TriggerSnippet()<cr>
  • YCMD安装中 会下载一些资源， 这个工程中会出现个中 下载慢，下载失败，http代理 等各种问题
    1. 解决方法1: 使用其他工具把资源下载下来，放到相应的位置
    2. 最新的 go-complete YCMD会去下载 golang.org/x/ 的资源包,
      • 只要在 third_party/ycmd/third_party/go/src/ 目录下 放上 golang.org 的版本库就可，YCMD 插件更新会变更tools的revision，所以不要ln -s建 软连接
      • update: 是不是不需要了？
    3. jdt-server 文件路径
      • ./third_party/ycmd/third_party/eclipse.jdt.ls/target/cache/
    4. export HTTPS_PROXY=$HTTP_PROXY if you failed under corporation's proxy

Markdown

  • chrome 安装插件 : Markdown Preview Plus
  • 打开 chrome://extensions/ ， 在设置页中勾选 “Allow access to file URLs”

VIM on Centos7

install VIM8 on Centos7 
1. install the necessary package.
yum install gcc-c++ ncurses-devel python-devel lua-devel -y

2. Get the source code of Vim.
git clone https://github.com/vim/vim.git

# Use the version like my MacVim.
cd vim/src && git checkout v8.0.1350

3. Configure it !
./configure --with-features=huge --enable-pythoninterp=dynamic  --enable-luainterp=dynamic


4. compile
make
make install
./configure 后面的配置选项
-–with-features=huge：支持最大特性
-–enable-rubyinterp：打开对ruby编写的插件的支持
-–enable-pythoninterp：打开对python编写的插件的支持
-–enable-python3interp：打开对python3编写的插件的支持
-–enable-luainterp：打开对lua编写的插件的支持
-–enable-perlinterp：打开对perl编写的插件的支持
-–enable-multibyte：打开多字节支持，可以在Vim中输入中文
-–enable-cscope：打开对cscope的支持
-–with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/ 指定python 路径
-–with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python3.5/config-3.5m-x86_64-linux-gnu/ 指定python3路径
-–prefix=/usr/local/vim：指定将要安装到的路径(自行创建)
install YouCompleteMe on Centos7
  1. yum 安装 clang

  2. build YCME

    CC=`which clang` CXX=`which clang++`  ./install.py ......

VIM 正则表达式

关于Magic
  • 常见的编辑器，一般都可以指定是 普通搜索还是使用正则表达式搜索
  • 但vim模式的是混合搜索，既 magic (\m)模式
    • 比如 /foo(1) 命令， 大多数人都是用它来查找foo(1)这个字符串.
    • 于是，vim就规定，正则表达式的元字符必须用反斜杠进行转义才行， 如上面的例子，如果确实要用正则表达式，就应当写成 /foo\(1\)
    • 但是，像 . * 这种极其常用的元字符，都加上反斜杠就太麻烦了。 而且，众口难调，有些人喜欢用正则表达式，有些人不喜欢用……
  • 为了解决这个问题，vim设置了 magic 这个东西。简单地说， magic就是设置哪些元字符要加反斜杠哪些不用加的。 简单来说：
    • magic (\m): 除了 $ . * ^ 之外其他元字符都要加反斜杠
    • nomagic (\M): 除了 $ ^ 之外其他元字符都要加反斜杠。
    • /\m.* # 查找任意字符串
    • /\M.* # 查找字符串 .*
  • 另外还有更强大的 \v 和 \V。
    • \v （即 very magic 之意）: 任何元字符都不用加反斜杠
    • \V （即 very nomagic 之意）: 任何元字符都必须加反斜杠
捕获组
  • 捕获组符号和perl 略有不同，使用 @ 而不是 (?
  • TODO: 确认 是否真的不支持 perl 模式？ (比如 非贪婪匹配 就同时支持)
Perl vim
(?= @=
(?! @!
(?<= @<=
(?<! @<!
(?> @>
(?: %(atom\)
  • vim中的捕获组的模式的位置与perl不同
    • 例如，查找紧跟在 foo 之后的 bar，perl将模式(这里是foo)写在环视(?<=)的括号内, 而vim将模式写在环视的元字符之前。
    • Perl的写法 (?<=foo)bar
    • vim的写法 (foo)@<=bar
  • vim 没有 \b, 匹配单词词首词尾使用 < , >

vim Mark

  • 设置mark
    • mX
    • X 的说明：
mark 设置者 使用
a-z 用户 仅对当前的一个文件生效，也就意味着只可以在当前文件中跳转
A-Z 用户 全局标注，可以作用于不同文件。大写标注也称为「文件标注」。跳转时有可能会切换到另一个缓冲区
0-9 viminfo 0 代表 viminfo 最后一次被写入的位置。实际使用中，就代表 Vim 进程最后一次结束的位置。1 代表 Vim 进程倒数第二次结束的位置，以此类推

  • mark 命令小结

    m ——创建标记
' ——移动到标记的文本行首
` ——移动到标记的光标位置
:marks ——列示所有标记
:delmarks ——删除指定标记
:delmarks! ——删除所有标记

VIM tips

  • check vim compile features

    vim --version

  • 参数列表

    • 每一个通过 shell 命令传递给 Vim 的文件名都被记录在一个参数列表中。
    • 可以有多个参数列表：
      • 默认情况下所有参数都被放在全局参数列表下，但是你可以使用 :arglocal 命令去创建一个新的本地窗口的参数列表。
    • 使用 :args 命令可以列出当前参数
    • 参数列表在有些情况下被大量使用：批处理

    • 使用 :argdo！ 一个简单的重构例子：

      :args **/*.[ch]
:argdo %s/foo/bar/ge | update
    • 这条命令将替换掉当前目录下以及当前目录的子目录中所有的 C 源文件和头文件中的“foo”，并用“bar”代替。

  • 搜索

    • 反向肯定搜索 lookahead
      • 搜索 exp2， start with exp1 .
      \(exp1\)\@<=exp2
    • 前向肯定搜索 lookahead
      • 搜索 exp1, followed by exp2
      exp1\(exp2\)\@=

    • 搜索 带/ 的字符串，比如 URL

      :?URL

  • clear a register

    # set register `i`  empty
qiq

# or remove register `i`
:exec setreg('i', [])

  • 文件夹搜索

    vimgrep /pattern/gj path
    • 参数:
      • g: 一行中出现多次，只显示一次
      • j: 只列出匹配的行
    • path
      • ./*.c 当前文件夹下 c 文件中查找
      • **/*.* 包括子文件夹下 所有文件
    • 搜索完毕 copen 或 cw 查看搜索列表

  • 文件夹 替换

    • 查找
    :args *.cpp
:argdo /word
    • 替换
    :args *.cpp
:argdo %s/word/NEW/eg | update

  • 多行 行首插入字符

    1. 光标置与第一行行首, ctrl-v 进入 VISUAL BLOCK
    2. 向下移动光标 选中所有行
    3. shift i 进入多行插入模式， 编辑 , esc
    4. 等 1秒钟， 修改完成
    • note: v 以字元为单位，V 以行为单位，ctrl-v 以列为单位

  • 多行 行尾插入字符

    • 和上边的 多行行首插入 类似，只是 第三步进行修改
    1. Press $ to extend the visual block to the end of each line.
    2. Press A ，进入行尾编辑
    3. 编辑 , esc

  • Remove unwanted empty lines

    • use v to select the range of lines you want to work on
    • useing either of the following command to delete all empty lines:
    :g/^$/d
:v/./d

  • make multiple line word into java string

    # record
qq0I"escA",esc0jq   // ( 0I 0j 校正位置 )
@q
8@@

  • 复制/移动 行

    :6t.  // 复制第6行到当前位置
:6,8t. // 复制6-8行到当前位置
:6m.   // 移动 第6行
;6,8m. // 移动 6-8行

grok VIM

  • The "Zen" of vi is that you're speaking a language.
    • yy
      • The initial y is a verb.
      • The statement yy is a synonym for y_. The y is doubled up to make it easier to type.
      • the verb can take any movements as their "subject."
  • vi has 26 "marks" and 26 "registers." ( lower case characters)
    • ma sets the 'a' mark to the current location
    • use 'a (single quote) to jump the beginning of the LINE has 'a' mark
    • use `a (backquote) to jump the precise location of the 'a' mark.

      • markdown tips: use a space infront and surrounded by doulbe backquote to display single backquote.

      • similarly, use space infront and surrounded by single backquote to display double backquote.

    • more special mark jumping
      • `` , '' , to jump back to where jumped from
      • `0 , jump to position in last file edited (when exited Vim)
      • `1 , like `0 , but the previous file (also `2 etc)
    • Because these are "movements" they can also be used as subjects for other "statements."
      • d`a to delete the content from current location to 'a' mark
  • So, one way to cut an arbitrary selection of text would be to drop a mark.
    • this is one way to cut or copy text. However, it is only one of many.
    • Frequently we can more succinctly describe the range of text without moving our cursor around and dropping a mark.
    • For example if I'm in a paragraph of text I can use { and } movements to the beginning or end of the paragraph respectively.
    • So, to move a paragraph of text I cut it using { d} (3 keystrokes).
  • Searching forwards or backwards are movements in vi. Thus they can also be used as "subjects" in our "statements."
    • d/abc , delete the content from current location to the next matched abc
    • y?abc , yark the content from current locationthe most recent (previous) matched abd
  • In addition to "verbs" and "subjects" vi also has "objects".
    • So far I've only described the use of the anonymous register.
    • However, I can use any of the 26 "named" registers by prefixing the "object" reference with " (the double quote modifier).
    • Thus if I use "add I'm cutting the current line into the 'a' register.
    • To paste from a register I simply prefix the paste with the same modifier sequence: "ap pastes a copy of the 'a' register's contents.
    • This notion of "prefixes" is something like "adjectives" / "adverbs".
    • Most commands (verbs) and movement (verbs or objects, depending on context) can also take numeric prefixes.
      • Thus 3J means "join the next three lines"
      • and d5} means "delete from the current line through the end of the fifth paragraph down from here."
  • This is all intermediate level vi.

A sampling of more advanced tricks:

  • There are a number of : commands, most notably the :% s/foo/bar/g global substitution technique
    • : commands normally operate over lines of text. The whole : set of commands was historically inherited by vi's previous incarnations ,ed and ex, very elder.
    • So the syntax of most : commands includes an address or range of addresses (line number) followed by a command.
    • :127,215 s/foo/bar to change the first occurrence of "foo" into "bar" on each line between 127 and 215
    • One could also use some abbreviations such as . or $ for current and last line respectively
    • One could also use relative prefixes + and - to refer to offsets after or before the curent line,
    • Thus, :.,$j meaning "from the current line to the last line, join them all into one line".
    • :% is synonymous with :1,$ (all the lines).
  • The :...g and :...v commands are incredibly powerful.
    • :...g is a prefix for "globally" applying a subsequent command to current line which match a pattern (regular expression)
    • while :...v applies such a command to current line which do NOT match the given pattern ("v" from "conVerse").
    • Thus :.,+21g/foo/d means "delete any lines containing the string "foo" from the current one through the next 21 lines"
    • while :.,$v/bar/d means "from here to the end of the file, delete any lines which DON'T contain the string "bar."

    • It's interesting that the common Unix command grep is named after this way. The command :g/re/p was the way how to "globally" "print" lines containing a "regular expression" (re).

    • Note that :% g/.../d or (its reVerse/conVerse counterpart: :% v/.../d are the most common usage patterns.
      • :g/.../d 同样效果？
    • In : command, we can use m to move lines around, and j to join lines.
      • if you have a list and you want to separate all the stuff matching without deleting them, (or conversely NOT matching some pattern)
        • then you can use something like: :% g/foo/m$ ... and all the "foo" lines will have been moved to the end of the file.
        • Note the other tip about using the end of your file as a scratch space
      • :% g/Another/-1j , for every matching line, go up one line and join them.
    • Almost needless to mention you can use our old friend s (substitute) with the g and v.
      • :% g/foo/s/bar/zzz/g for every line containing "foo" substitute all "bar" with "zzz."
  • The : addresses can also refer to marks.
    • Thus you can use: :'a,'bg/foo/j to join any line containing the string foo to its subsequent line, if it lies between the lines between the 'a' and 'b' marks.
  • Another very useful vi or ex command is :r to read in the contents of another file.
    • Thus: :r foo inserts the contents of the file named "foo" at the current line.
    • More powerful is the :r! command. This reads the results of a command , and insert it at the current line.
  • Even more powerful are the ! (bang) and :... ! (ex bang) commands.
    • These also execute external commands and read the results into the current text.
    • However, they also filter selections of our text through the command!
      • This we can sort all the lines in our file using 1G!Gsort. This is equivalent to the ex variant :1,$!sort.

      • Writers often use ! with the Unix fmt or fold utilities for reformating or "word wrapping" selections of text.

      • A very common macro is {!}fmt (reformat the current paragraph).
  • Another useful ex command is :so (short for :source).
    • This reads the contents of a file as a series of commands.
  • The @ command is probably the most obscure vi command.
    • @ executes the contents of a register as if it were a vi or ex command.