diff --git a/application/bootstrap.php b/application/bootstrap.php
index 47ee145..ea6fdef 100644
--- a/application/bootstrap.php
+++ b/application/bootstrap.php
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * @link http://kohanaframework.org/guide/using.autoloading
  * @link http://www.php.net/manual/function.spl-autoload-register
  */
-spl_autoload_register(array('Kohana', 'auto_load'));
+spl_autoload_register(['Kohana', 'auto_load']);
 
 /**
  * Optionally, you can enable a compatibility auto-loader for use with
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
  *
  * It is recommended to not enable this unless absolutely necessary.
  */
-//spl_autoload_register(array('Kohana', 'auto_load_lowercase'));
+//spl_autoload_register(['Kohana', 'auto_load_lowercase']);
 
 /**
  * Enable the Kohana auto-loader for unserialization.
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
  * - boolean  caching     enable or disable internal caching                 FALSE
  * - boolean  expose      set the X-Powered-By header                        FALSE
  */
-Kohana::init(array(
+Kohana::init([
     'base_url' => '/kohana/',
-));
+]);
 
 /**
  * Attach the file write to logging. Multiple writers are supported.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 /**
  * Enable modules. Modules are referenced by a relative or absolute path.
  */
-Kohana::modules(array(
+Kohana::modules([
     // 'auth'       => MODPATH.'auth',       // Basic authentication
     // 'cache'      => MODPATH.'cache',      // Caching with multiple backends
     // 'codebench'  => MODPATH.'codebench',  // Benchmarking tool
@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@
     // 'orm'        => MODPATH.'orm',        // Object Relationship Mapping
     // 'unittest'   => MODPATH.'unittest',   // Unit testing
     // 'userguide'  => MODPATH.'userguide',  // User guide and API documentation
-));
+]);
 
 /**
  * Cookie Salt
  * @see  http://kohanaframework.org/3.3/guide/kohana/cookies
- * 
+ *
  * If you have not defined a cookie salt in your Cookie class then
  * uncomment the line below and define a preferrably long salt.
  */
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
  * defaults for the URI.
  */
 Route::set('default', '(<controller>(/<action>(/<id>)))')
-    ->defaults(array(
+    ->defaults([
         'controller' => 'welcome',
         'action' => 'index',
-    ));
+    ]);
diff --git a/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoBaseURL.php b/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoBaseURL.php
index 4244382..e4be24f 100644
--- a/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoBaseURL.php
+++ b/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoBaseURL.php
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ class Bench_MDDoBaseURL extends Codebench
     public $description = 'Optimization for the <code>doBaseURL()</code> method of <code>Kohana_Kodoc_Markdown</code>
 		 for the Kohana Userguide.';
     public $loops = 10000;
-    public $subjects = array
-        (
+    public $subjects = [
         // Valid matches
         '[filesystem](about.filesystem)',
         '[filesystem](about.filesystem "Optional title")',
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class Bench_MDDoBaseURL extends Codebench
         // Invalid matches
         '![this is image syntax](about.filesystem)',
         '[filesystem](about.filesystem',
-    );
+    ];
 
     public function bench_original($subject)
     {
diff --git a/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoImageURL.php b/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoImageURL.php
index d6775b1..5057558 100644
--- a/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoImageURL.php
+++ b/modules/codebench/classes/Bench/MDDoImageURL.php
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ class Bench_MDDoImageURL extends Codebench
     public $description = 'Optimization for the <code>doImageURL()</code> method of <code>Kohana_Kodoc_Markdown</code>
 		 for the Kohana Userguide.';
     public $loops = 10000;
-    public $subjects = array
-        (
+    public $subjects = [
         // Valid matches
         '![Alt text](http://img.skitch.com/20091019-rud5mmqbf776jwua6hx9nm1n.png)',
         '![Alt text](https://img.skitch.com/20091019-rud5mmqbf776jwua6hx9nm1n.png)',
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ class Bench_MDDoImageURL extends Codebench
         '![Empty src]()',
         // Invalid matches
         '![Alt text](img/install.png                 "No closing parenthesis"',
-    );
+    ];
 
     public function bench_original($subject)
     {
diff --git a/modules/codebench/classes/Kohana/Codebench.php b/modules/codebench/classes/Kohana/Codebench.php
index 1bb7aa0..348d76e 100644
--- a/modules/codebench/classes/Kohana/Codebench.php
+++ b/modules/codebench/classes/Kohana/Codebench.php
@@ -32,15 +32,14 @@ abstract class Kohana_Codebench
     /**
      * @var  array  Grade letters with their maximum scores. Used to color the graphs.
      */
-    public $grades = array
-        (
+    public $grades = [
         125 => 'A',
         150 => 'B',
         200 => 'C',
         300 => 'D',
         500 => 'E',
         'default' => 'F',
-    );
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Constructor.
@@ -70,18 +69,16 @@ public function run()
         }
 
         // Initialize benchmark output
-        $codebench = array
-            (
+        $codebench = [
             'class' => get_class($this),
             'description' => $this->description,
-            'loops' => array
-                (
+            'loops' => [
                 'base' => (int) $this->loops,
                 'total' => (int) $this->loops * count($this->subjects) * count($methods),
-            ),
+            ],
             'subjects' => $this->subjects,
             'benchmarks' => [],
-        );
+        ];
 
         // Benchmark each method
         foreach ($methods as $method) {
@@ -111,12 +108,11 @@ public function run()
                 $benchmark = Profiler::total($token);
 
                 // Benchmark output specific to the current method and subject
-                $codebench['benchmarks'][$method]['subjects'][$subject_key] = array
-                    (
+                $codebench['benchmarks'][$method]['subjects'][$subject_key] = [
                     'return' => $return,
                     'time' => $benchmark[0],
                     'memory' => $benchmark[1],
-                );
+                ];
 
                 // Update method totals
                 $codebench['benchmarks'][$method]['time'] += $benchmark[0];
diff --git a/modules/image/classes/Kohana/Image/GD.php b/modules/image/classes/Kohana/Image/GD.php
index 0fde947..55a865f 100644
--- a/modules/image/classes/Kohana/Image/GD.php
+++ b/modules/image/classes/Kohana/Image/GD.php
@@ -316,12 +316,11 @@ protected function _do_sharpen($amount)
         $amount = round(abs(-18 + ($amount * 0.08)), 2);
 
         // Gaussian blur matrix
-        $matrix = array
-            (
+        $matrix = [
             [-1, -1, -1],
             [-1, $amount, -1],
             [-1, -1, -1],
-        );
+        ];
 
         // Perform the sharpen
         if (imageconvolution($this->_image, $matrix, $amount - 8, 0)) {
diff --git a/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM.php b/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM.php
index e53df2d..35c0b5b 100644
--- a/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM.php
+++ b/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM.php
@@ -1075,11 +1075,10 @@ protected function run_filter($field, $value)
         $filters = empty($filters[$field]) ? $wildcards : array_merge($wildcards, $filters[$field]);
 
         // Bind the field name and model so they can be used in the filter method
-        $_bound = array
-            (
+        $_bound = [
             ':field' => $field,
             ':model' => $this,
-        );
+        ];
 
         foreach ($filters as $array) {
             // Value needs to be bound inside the loop so we are always using the
diff --git a/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM/Validation/Exception.php b/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM/Validation/Exception.php
index d8283b7..5d43e6a 100644
--- a/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM/Validation/Exception.php
+++ b/modules/orm/classes/Kohana/ORM/Validation/Exception.php
@@ -50,14 +50,12 @@ public function __construct($alias, Validation $object, $message = 'Failed to va
      *     // inside the exception for a user model.
      *     $e->add_object('profile', $validation);
      *     // The errors array will now look something like this
-     *     // array
-     *     // (
-     *     //   'username' => 'This field is required',
-     *     //   'profile'  => array
-     *     //   (
-     *     //     'first_name' => 'This field is required',
-     *     //   ),
-     *     // );
+     *     // [
+     *     //     'username' => 'This field is required'
+     *     //     'profile' => [
+     *     //         'first_name' => 'This field is required'
+     *     //     ]
+     *     // ];
      *
      * @param  string     $alias    The relationship alias from the model
      * @param  Validation $object   The Validation object to merge
diff --git a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/Role.php b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/Role.php
index 73f51c5..b4ddf3f 100644
--- a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/Role.php
+++ b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/Role.php
@@ -13,22 +13,22 @@
 class Model_Auth_Role extends ORM
 {
     // Relationships
-    protected $_has_many = array(
-        'users' => array('model' => 'User', 'through' => 'roles_users'),
-    );
+    protected $_has_many = [
+        'users' => ['model' => 'User', 'through' => 'roles_users'],
+    ];
 
     public function rules()
     {
-        return array(
-            'name' => array(
-                array('not_empty'),
-                array('min_length', array(':value', 4)),
-                array('max_length', array(':value', 32)),
-            ),
-            'description' => array(
-                array('max_length', array(':value', 255)),
-            )
-        );
+        return [
+            'name' => [
+                ['not_empty'],
+                ['min_length', [':value', 4]],
+                ['max_length', [':value', 32]],
+            ],
+            'description' => [
+                ['max_length', [':value', 255]],
+            ]
+        ];
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User.php b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User.php
index 1136764..0b209d2 100644
--- a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User.php
+++ b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User.php
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ class Model_Auth_User extends ORM
      *
      * @var array Relationhips
      */
-    protected $_has_many = array(
-        'user_tokens' => array('model' => 'User_Token'),
-        'roles' => array('model' => 'Role', 'through' => 'roles_users'),
-    );
+    protected $_has_many = [
+        'user_tokens' => ['model' => 'User_Token'],
+        'roles' => ['model' => 'Role', 'through' => 'roles_users'],
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Rules for the user model. Because the password is _always_ a hash
@@ -32,21 +32,21 @@ class Model_Auth_User extends ORM
      */
     public function rules()
     {
-        return array(
-            'username' => array(
-                array('not_empty'),
-                array('max_length', array(':value', 32)),
-                array(array($this, 'unique'), array('username', ':value')),
-            ),
-            'password' => array(
-                array('not_empty'),
-            ),
-            'email' => array(
-                array('not_empty'),
-                array('email'),
-                array(array($this, 'unique'), array('email', ':value')),
-            ),
-        );
+        return [
+            'username' => [
+                ['not_empty'],
+                ['max_length', [':value', 32]],
+                [[$this, 'unique'], ['username', ':value']],
+            ],
+            'password' => [
+                ['not_empty'],
+            ],
+            'email' => [
+                ['not_empty'],
+                ['email'],
+                [[$this, 'unique'], ['email', ':value']],
+            ],
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ public function rules()
      */
     public function filters()
     {
-        return array(
-            'password' => array(
-                array(array(Auth::instance(), 'hash'))
-            )
-        );
+        return [
+            'password' => [
+                [[Auth::instance(), 'hash']]
+            ]
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ public function filters()
      */
     public function labels()
     {
-        return array(
+        return [
             'username' => 'username',
             'email' => 'email address',
             'password' => 'password',
-        );
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public function unique_key_exists($value, $field = NULL)
             $field = $this->unique_key($value);
         }
 
-        return (bool) DB::select(array(DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'total_count'))
+        return (bool) DB::select([DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'total_count'])
                 ->from($this->_table_name)
                 ->where($field, '=', $value)
                 ->where($this->_primary_key, '!=', $this->pk())
@@ -139,8 +139,11 @@ public function unique_key($value)
     public static function get_password_validation($values)
     {
         return Validation::factory($values)
-                ->rule('password', 'min_length', array(':value', 8))
-                ->rule('password_confirm', 'matches', array(':validation', ':field', 'password'));
+                ->rule('password', 'min_length', [':value', 8])
+                ->rule('password_confirm', 'matches', [
+                    ':validation',
+                    ':field', 'password'
+        ]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -148,11 +151,11 @@ public static function get_password_validation($values)
      *
      * Example usage:
      * ~~~
-     * $user = ORM::factory('User')->create_user($_POST, array(
-     * 	'username',
-     * 	'password',
-     * 	'email',
-     * );
+     * $user = ORM::factory('User')->create_user($_POST, [
+     *     'username',
+     *     'password',
+     *     'email',
+     * ]);
      * ~~~
      *
      * @param array $values
@@ -176,13 +179,13 @@ public function create_user($values, $expected)
      * Example usage:
      * ~~~
      * $user = ORM::factory('User')
-     * 	->where('username', '=', 'kiall')
-     * 	->find()
-     * 	->update_user($_POST, array(
-     * 		'username',
-     * 		'password',
-     * 		'email',
-     * 	);
+     *     ->where('username', '=', 'kiall')
+     *     ->find()
+     *     ->update_user($_POST, [
+     *         'username',
+     *         'password',
+     *         'email',
+     * ]);
      * ~~~
      *
      * @param array $values
diff --git a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User/Token.php b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User/Token.php
index 7710844..edf7ee1 100644
--- a/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User/Token.php
+++ b/modules/orm/classes/Model/Auth/User/Token.php
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 class Model_Auth_User_Token extends ORM
 {
     // Relationships
-    protected $_belongs_to = array(
-        'user' => array('model' => 'User'),
-    );
-    protected $_created_column = array(
+    protected $_belongs_to = [
+        'user' => ['model' => 'User'],
+    ];
+    protected $_created_column = [
         'column' => 'created',
         'format' => TRUE,
-    );
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Handles garbage collection and deleting of expired objects.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ protected function create_token()
     {
         do {
             $token = sha1(uniqid(Text::random('alnum', 32), TRUE));
-        } while (ORM::factory('User_Token', array('token' => $token))->loaded());
+        } while (ORM::factory('User_Token', ['token' => $token])->loaded());
 
         return $token;
     }
diff --git a/public/index.php b/public/index.php
index d2b198f..c0c4d03 100644
--- a/public/index.php
+++ b/public/index.php
@@ -97,9 +97,10 @@
 // Bootstrap the application
 require APPPATH . 'bootstrap' . EXT;
 
-if (PHP_SAPI == 'cli') { // Try and load minion
+if (PHP_SAPI == 'cli') {
+    // Try and load minion
     class_exists('Minion_Task') OR die('Please enable the Minion module for CLI support.');
-    set_exception_handler(array('Minion_Exception', 'handler'));
+    set_exception_handler(['Minion_Exception', 'handler']);
 
     Minion_Task::factory(Minion_CLI::options())->execute();
 } else {
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ class_exists('Minion_Task') OR die('Please enable the Minion module for CLI supp
      * Execute the main request. A source of the URI can be passed, eg: $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'].
      * If no source is specified, the URI will be automatically detected.
      */
-    echo Request::factory(TRUE, array(), FALSE)
+    echo Request::factory(TRUE, [], FALSE)
         ->execute()
         ->send_headers(TRUE)
         ->body();
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Arr.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Arr.php
index 75c505c..aa3efe9 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Arr.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Arr.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Kohana_Arr
      * Tests if an array is associative or not.
      *
      *     // Returns TRUE
-     *     Arr::is_assoc(array('username' => 'john.doe'));
+     *     Arr::is_assoc(['username' => 'john.doe']);
      *
      *     // Returns FALSE
      *     Arr::is_assoc('foo', 'bar');
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public static function is_array($value)
      *     $colors = Arr::path($array, 'theme.*.color');
      *
      *     // Using an array of keys
-     *     $colors = Arr::path($array, array('theme', '*', 'color'));
+     *     $colors = Arr::path($array, ['theme', '*', 'color']);
      *
      * @param   array   $array      array to search
      * @param   mixed   $path       key path string (delimiter separated) or array of keys
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ public static function map($callbacks, $array, $keys = null)
      *     $john = Arr::merge($john, $mary);
      *
      *     // The output of $john will now be:
-     *     array('name' => 'mary', 'children' => array('fred', 'paul', 'sally', 'jane'))
+     *     ['name' => 'mary', 'children' => ['fred', 'paul', 'sally', 'jane']]
      *
      * @param   array  $array1      initial array
      * @param   array  $array2,...  array to merge
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ public static function merge($array1, $array2)
      *     $array = Arr::overwrite($a1, $a2);
      *
      *     // The output of $array will now be:
-     *     array('name' => 'jack', 'mood' => 'happy', 'food' => 'tacos')
+     *     ['name' => 'jack', 'mood' => 'happy', 'food' => 'tacos']
      *
      * @param   array   $array1 master array
      * @param   array   $array2 input arrays that will overwrite existing values
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ public static function callback($str)
      *     $array = Arr::flatten($array);
      *
      *     // The array will now be
-     *     array('one' => 'something', 'two' => 'other');
+     *     ['one' => 'something', 'two' => 'other'];
      *
      * [!!] The keys of array values will be discarded.
      *
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Date.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Date.php
index 8f4dc0e..56dbb74 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Date.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Date.php
@@ -248,17 +248,17 @@ public static function days($month, $year = false)
      * By default a mirrored array of $month_number => $month_number is returned
      *
      *     Date::months();
-     *     // aray(1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, ..., 12 => 12)
+     *     // [1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, ..., 12 => 12]
      *
      * But you can customise this by passing in either Date::MONTHS_LONG
      *
      *     Date::months(Date::MONTHS_LONG);
-     *     // array(1 => 'January', 2 => 'February', ..., 12 => 'December')
+     *     // [1 => 'January', 2 => 'February', ..., 12 => 'December']
      *
      * Or Date::MONTHS_SHORT
      *
      *     Date::months(Date::MONTHS_SHORT);
-     *     // array(1 => 'Jan', 2 => 'Feb', ..., 12 => 'Dec')
+     *     // [1 => 'Jan', 2 => 'Feb', ..., 12 => 'Dec']
      *
      * @uses    Date::hours
      * @param   string  $format The format to use for months
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ public static function years($start = false, $end = false)
      * If the second timestamp is not given, the current time will be used.
      * Also consider using [Date::fuzzy_span] when displaying a span.
      *
-     *     $span = Date::span(60, 182, 'minutes,seconds'); // array('minutes' => 2, 'seconds' => 2)
+     *     $span = Date::span(60, 182, 'minutes,seconds'); // ['minutes' => 2, 'seconds' => 2]
      *     $span = Date::span(60, 182, 'minutes'); // 2
      *
      * @param   integer $remote timestamp to find the span of
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Exception/Expected.php b/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Exception/Expected.php
index f8c9cc5..4c918cd 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Exception/Expected.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/HTTP/Exception/Expected.php
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ abstract class Kohana_HTTP_Exception_Expected extends HTTP_Exception
     /**
      * Creates a new translated exception.
      *
-     *     throw new Kohana_Exception('Something went terrible wrong, :user',
-     *         array(':user' => $user));
+     *     throw new Kohana_Exception('Something went terrible wrong, :user', [
+     *         ':user' => $user
+     *     ]);
      *
      * @param   string  $message    status message, custom content to display with error
      * @param   array   $variables  translation variables
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Log.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Log.php
index 7377f9a..1e1c02f 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Log.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Log.php
@@ -82,11 +82,10 @@ public function attach(Log_Writer $writer, $levels = [], $min_level = 0)
             $levels = range($min_level, $levels);
         }
 
-        $this->_writers["{$writer}"] = array
-            (
+        $this->_writers["{$writer}"] = [
             'object' => $writer,
             'levels' => $levels
-        );
+        ];
 
         return $this;
     }
@@ -148,8 +147,7 @@ public function add($level, $message, array $values = null, array $additional =
         }
 
         // Create a new message
-        $this->_messages[] = array
-            (
+        $this->_messages[] = [
             'time' => time(),
             'level' => $level,
             'body' => $message,
@@ -159,7 +157,7 @@ public function add($level, $message, array $values = null, array $additional =
             'class' => isset($trace[0]['class']) ? $trace[0]['class'] : null,
             'function' => isset($trace[0]['function']) ? $trace[0]['function'] : null,
             'additional' => $additional,
-        );
+        ];
 
         if (Log::$write_on_add) {
             // Write logs as they are added
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Num.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Num.php
index d08b544..e4a4614 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Num.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Num.php
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ class Kohana_Num
     /**
      * @var  array  Valid byte units => power of 2 that defines the unit's size
      */
-    public static $byte_units = array
-        (
+    public static $byte_units = [
         'B' => 0,
         'K' => 10,
         'Ki' => 10,
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class Kohana_Num
         'Yi' => 80,
         'YB' => 80,
         'YiB' => 80,
-    );
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Returns the English ordinal suffix (th, st, nd, etc) of a number.
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Profiler.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Profiler.php
index 895e020..cd7cf02 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Profiler.php
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ public static function start($group, $name)
         // Create a unique token based on the counter
         $token = 'kp/' . base_convert($counter++, 10, 32);
 
-        Profiler::$_marks[$token] = array
-            (
+        Profiler::$_marks[$token] = [
             'group' => strtolower($group),
             'name' => (string) $name,
             // Start the benchmark
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ public static function start($group, $name)
             // Set the stop keys without values
             'stop_time' => false,
             'stop_memory' => false,
-        );
+        ];
 
         return $token;
     }
@@ -276,13 +275,12 @@ public static function total($token)
             $mark['stop_memory'] = memory_get_usage();
         }
 
-        return array
-            (
+        return [
             // Total time in seconds
             $mark['stop_time'] - $mark['start_time'],
             // Amount of memory in bytes
             $mark['stop_memory'] - $mark['start_memory'],
-        );
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/system/classes/Kohana/Validation.php b/system/classes/Kohana/Validation.php
index 3f10156..f8cb59b 100644
--- a/system/classes/Kohana/Validation.php
+++ b/system/classes/Kohana/Validation.php
@@ -322,14 +322,13 @@ public function check()
             $value = $this[$field];
 
             // Bind the field name and value to :field and :value respectively
-            $this->bind(array
-                (
+            $this->bind([
                 ':field' => $field,
                 ':value' => $value,
-            ));
+            ]);
 
             foreach ($set as $array) {
-                // Rules are defined as array($rule, $params)
+                // Rules are defined as [$rule, $params]
                 list($rule, $params) = $array;
 
                 foreach ($params as $key => $param) {
diff --git a/system/koharness.php b/system/koharness.php
index 8c2a792..9c62369 100644
--- a/system/koharness.php
+++ b/system/koharness.php
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <?php
 
 // Configuration for koharness - builds a standalone skeleton Kohana app for running unit tests
-return array(
-    'modules' => array(
+return [
+    'modules' => [
         'unittest' => __DIR__ . '/vendor/kohana/unittest'
-    ),
+    ],
     'syspath' => __DIR__,
-);
+];
diff --git a/system/messages/tests/validation/error_type_check.php b/system/messages/tests/validation/error_type_check.php
index 98e6de9..2b93425 100644
--- a/system/messages/tests/validation/error_type_check.php
+++ b/system/messages/tests/validation/error_type_check.php
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 defined('SYSPATH') OR die('No direct script access.');
 
-return array(
-    'email' => array(
+return [
+    'email' => [
         'custom' => 'very nice email address you have there',
-    ),
-);
+    ],
+];
diff --git a/system/messages/validation.php b/system/messages/validation.php
index 171a9dd..0387af1 100644
--- a/system/messages/validation.php
+++ b/system/messages/validation.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 defined('SYSPATH') OR die('No direct script access.');
 
-return array(
+return [
     'alpha' => ':field must contain only letters',
     'alpha_dash' => ':field must contain only numbers, letters and dashes',
     'alpha_numeric' => ':field must contain only letters and numbers',
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@
     'range' => ':field must be within the range of :param2 to :param3',
     'regex' => ':field does not match the required format',
     'url' => ':field must be a url',
-);
+];