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API.inc.php
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<?
/*
***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
This file is part of the Zotero Data Server.
Copyright © 2010 Center for History and New Media
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
http://zotero.org
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
*/
class Zotero_API {
const MAX_BIBLIOGRAPHY_ITEMS = 150;
const MAX_OBJECT_KEYS = 100;
public static $maxWriteCollections = 50;
public static $maxWriteItems = 50;
public static $maxWriteSearches = 50;
public static $maxWriteSettings = 270;
public static $maxWriteFullText = 10;
public static $maxTranslateItems = 10;
private static $validAPIVersions = [1, 2, 3];
private static $defaultParams = [
'v' => 3,
'schemaVersion' => null,
'format' => [
'v' => [
'default' => [
'action' => [
'default' => 'json',
'fulltext' => 'versions'
]
],
1 => [
'action' => [
'default' => 'atom',
'fulltext' => 'versions',
'itemContent' => 'json'
]
],
2 => [
'action' => [
'default' => 'atom',
'fulltext' => 'versions',
'itemContent' => 'json',
'deleted' => 'json',
'settings' => 'json'
]
]
]
],
'include' => ['data'],
'content' => ['html'],
// format='bib'
'style' => "chicago-note-bibliography",
'css' => "inline",
'linkwrap' => 0,
'locale' => "en-US",
// search
'fq' => '',
'q' => '',
'qmode' => '',
'includeTrashed' => 0,
'itemType' => '',
'itemKey' => [],
'collectionKey' => [],
'searchKey' => [],
'tag' => '',
'tagType' => '',
'since' => false,
'sincetime' => false,
// Tags within items
'itemQ' => '',
'itemQMode' => '',
'itemTag' => [],
'sort' => [
'v' => [
'default' => [
'format' => [
'default' => 'dateModified',
'atom' => 'dateAdded'
]
],
1 => 'dateAdded',
2 => 'dateAdded'
]
],
'direction' => 'desc',
'start' => 0,
'limit' => [
'v' => [
'default' => [
'format' => [
'default' => 25,
'bib' => self::MAX_BIBLIOGRAPHY_ITEMS,
'keys' => 0,
'versions' => 0
]
],
1 => [
'format' => [
'default' => 50,
'bib' => self::MAX_BIBLIOGRAPHY_ITEMS,
'keys' => 0,
'versions' => 0
]
],
2 => [
'format' => [
'default' => 50,
'bib' => self::MAX_BIBLIOGRAPHY_ITEMS,
'keys' => 0,
'versions' => 0
]
]
]
],
// For internal use only
'emptyFirst' => false,
'uncached' => false,
'publications' => false
];
/**
* Parse query string into parameters, validating and filling in defaults
*/
public static function parseQueryParams($queryString, $action, $singleObject, $apiVersion=false, $atomAccepted=false) {
// Handle multiple identical parameters in the CGI-standard way instead of
// PHP's foo[]=bar way
$queryParams = Zotero_URL::proper_parse_str($queryString);
$finalParams = [];
//
// Handle some special cases
//
// If client accepts Atom, serve it if an explicit format isn't requested
if ($atomAccepted && empty($queryParams['format'])) {
$queryParams['format'] = 'atom';
}
// Set API version based on header
if ($apiVersion) {
if (!empty($queryParams['v']) && $apiVersion != $queryParams['v']) {
throw new Exception("Zotero-API-Version header does not match 'v' query parameter", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
$queryParams['v'] = $apiVersion;
}
// v1 documentation specifies 'version' query parameter
else if (isset($queryParams['version']) && $queryParams['version'] == 1 && !isset($queryParams['v'])) {
$queryParams['v'] = 1;
unset($queryParams['version']);
}
// If format=json, override version to 3
if (!isset($queryParams['v']) && isset($queryParams['format']) && $queryParams['format'] == 'json') {
$queryParams['v'] = 3;
}
$apiVersion = isset($queryParams['v']) ? $queryParams['v'] : self::$defaultParams['v'];
// If 'content', override 'format' to 'atom'
if (!isset($queryParams['format']) && isset($queryParams['content'])) {
$queryParams['format'] = 'atom';
}
// Handle deprecated (in v3) 'order' parameter
if (isset($queryParams['order'])) {
// If 'order' is a direction, move it to 'direction'
if (in_array($queryParams['order'], ['asc', 'desc'])) {
$finalParams['direction'] = $queryParams['direction'] = $queryParams['order'];
}
// Otherwise it's a field, so move it to 'sort'
else {
// If 'sort' already has a direction, move that to 'direction' first
if (isset($queryParams['sort']) && in_array($queryParams['sort'], ['asc', 'desc'])) {
$finalParams['direction'] = $queryParams['direction'] = $queryParams['sort'];
}
$queryParams['sort'] = $queryParams['order'];
}
unset($queryParams['order']);
}
// Handle deprecated (in v3) 'newer' parameter
if (isset($queryParams['newer'])) {
if (!isset($queryParams['since'])) {
$queryParams['since'] = $queryParams['newer'];
}
unset($queryParams['newer']);
}
foreach (self::resolveDefaultParams($action, self::$defaultParams, $queryParams) as $key => $value) {
// Don't overwrite field if already set (either above or derived from another field)
if (!empty($finalParams[$key])) {
continue;
}
// Fill defaults
$finalParams[$key] = $value;
// Ignore private parameters in the URL
if (in_array($key, self::getPrivateParams($key)) && isset($queryParams[$key])) {
continue;
}
// If no parameter passed, use default
if (!isset($queryParams[$key])) {
continue;
}
// Use query parameter as value
$value = $queryParams[$key];
if (isset($finalParams['format'])) {
$format = $finalParams['format'];
// Some formats need special parameter handling
if ($format == 'bib') {
switch ($key) {
// Invalid parameters
case 'order':
case 'sort':
case 'start':
case 'limit':
case 'direction':
throw new Exception("'$key' is not valid for format=bib", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
}
else if ($apiVersion < 3 && in_array($format, array('keys', 'versions'))) {
switch ($key) {
// Invalid parameters
case 'start':
throw new Exception("'$key' is not valid for format=$format", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
}
}
switch ($key) {
case 'v':
if (!in_array($value, self::$validAPIVersions)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid API version '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'format':
if (!self::isValidFormatForAction($action, $value, $singleObject)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid 'format' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'since':
case 'sincetime':
if (!is_numeric($value)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid value for '$key' parameter", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'start':
$value = (int) $value;
break;
case 'limit':
// Maximum limit depends on 'format'
$limitMax = self::getLimitMax($format);
// Since the export formats and csljson don't give a clear indication of limiting or
// rel="next" links in API v1/2 (before the Link header), require an explicit limit for
// everything other than single items and itemKey queries
if ($apiVersion < 3
&& (in_array($format, Zotero_Translate::$exportFormats) || $format == 'csljson')
&& !$singleObject
&& empty($queryParams['itemKey'])) {
if (empty($value)) {
throw new Exception("'limit' is required for format=$format", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
// Also enforce maximum limit
// TODO: Do this for all formats?
else if ($value > $limitMax) {
throw new Exception("'limit' cannot be greater than $limitMax for format=$format", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
}
// If there's a maximum, enforce it
if ($limitMax && (int) $value > $limitMax) {
$value = $limitMax;
}
// Use default if less than 0 or invalid
else if ((int) $value <= 0) {
continue 2;
}
$value = (int) $value;
break;
case 'include':
case 'content':
if ($key == 'content' && $format != 'atom') {
throw new Exception("'content' is valid only for format=atom", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
else if ($key == 'include' && $format != 'json') {
throw new Exception("'include' is valid only for format=json", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
$value = array_values(array_unique(explode(',', $value)));
sort($value);
foreach ($value as $includeType) {
switch ($includeType) {
case 'none':
if (sizeOf($value) > 1) {
throw new Exception(
"$key=$includeType is not valid in multi-format responses",
Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT
);
}
break;
case 'html':
case 'citation':
case 'bib':
case 'csljson':
break;
case 'json':
if ($format != 'atom') {
throw new Exception("$key=$includeType is valid only for format=atom", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'data':
if ($format != 'json') {
throw new Exception("$key=$includeType is valid only for format=json", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
default:
if (in_array($includeType, Zotero_Translate::$exportFormats)) {
break;
}
throw new Exception("Invalid '$key' value '$includeType'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
}
break;
case 'sort':
// If direction, move to 'direction' and use default 'sort' value
if (in_array($value, array('asc', 'desc'))) {
$finalParams['direction'] = $queryParams['direction'] = $value;
continue 2;
}
// Whether to sort empty values first
$finalParams['emptyFirst'] = self::getSortEmptyFirst($value);
switch ($value) {
// Valid fields to sort by
//
// Allow all fields available in client
case 'title':
case 'creator':
case 'itemType':
case 'date':
case 'publisher':
case 'publicationTitle':
case 'journalAbbreviation':
case 'language':
case 'accessDate':
case 'libraryCatalog':
case 'callNumber':
case 'rights':
case 'extra':
case 'dateAdded':
case 'dateModified':
//case 'numChildren':
case 'addedBy':
case 'numItems':
case 'serverDateModified':
case 'collectionKeyList':
case 'itemKeyList':
case 'searchKeyList':
switch ($value) {
// numItems is valid only for tags requests
case 'numItems':
if ($action != 'tags') {
throw new Exception("Invalid 'order' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'collectionKeyList':
if ($action != 'collections') {
throw new Exception("order=collectionKeyList is not valid for this request");
}
if (!isset($queryParams['collectionKey'])) {
throw new Exception("order=collectionKeyList requires the collectionKey parameter");
}
break;
case 'itemKeyList':
if ($action != 'items') {
throw new Exception("order=itemKeyList is not valid for this request");
}
if (!isset($queryParams['itemKey'])) {
throw new Exception("order=itemKeyList requires the itemKey parameter");
}
break;
case 'searchKeyList':
if ($action != 'searches') {
throw new Exception("order=searchKeyList is not valid for this request");
}
if (!isset($queryParams['searchKey'])) {
throw new Exception("order=searchKeyList requires the searchKey parameter");
}
break;
}
if (!isset($queryParams['direction'])) {
$finalParams['direction'] = self::getDefaultDirection($value);
}
break;
default:
throw new Exception("Invalid 'sort' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'direction':
if (!in_array($value, array('asc', 'desc'))) {
throw new Exception("Invalid '$key' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
break;
case 'qmode':
if ($action == 'tags') {
$validModes = ['contains', 'startswith'];
}
else if ($action == 'items') {
$validModes = ['titlecreatoryear', 'everything'];
}
if (!in_array(strtolower($value), $validModes)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid '$key' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
$value = strtolower($value);
break;
case 'collectionKey':
case 'itemKey':
case 'searchKey':
// Allow leading/trailing commas
$objectKeys = trim($value, ",");
$objectKeys = explode(",", $objectKeys);
// Make sure all keys are plausible
foreach ($objectKeys as $objectKey) {
if (!Zotero_ID::isValidKey($objectKey)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid '$key' value '$value'", Z_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT);
}
}
$value = $objectKeys;
// Force limit if explicit object keys are used
$finalParams['limit'] = self::MAX_OBJECT_KEYS;
break;
case 'includeTrashed':
case 'uncached':
$value = !!$value;
break;
}
$finalParams[$key] = $value;
}
return $finalParams;
}
/**
* Return the parameters not set to their default values
*/
public static function getNonDefaultParams($action, $params) {
$defaults = self::resolveDefaultParams($action, self::$defaultParams, $params);
$nonDefaults = [];
foreach ($params as $key => $val) {
switch ($key) {
case 'direction':
if ($val == self::getDefaultDirection($params['sort'])) {
continue 2;
}
break;
}
if (!isset($defaults[$key])) {
continue;
}
// Convert default array values to strings
$default = is_array($defaults[$key]) ? implode(',', $defaults[$key]) : $defaults[$key];
if ($defaults[$key] == $val) {
continue;
}
$nonDefaults[$key] = $val;
}
return $nonDefaults;
}
/**
* Build query string from given parameters, removing private parameters, adjusting
* parameter names based on API version, and converting arrays to strings
*/
public static function buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $params, $excludeParams=[]) {
$params = self::removeParams($params, $excludeParams);
$params = self::removePrivateParams($params);
$tmpParams = [];
foreach ($params as $key => $val) {
if ($apiVersion < 3) {
if ($key == 'sort') {
$key = 'order';
}
else if ($key == 'direction') {
$key = 'sort';
}
}
$tmpParams[$key] = $val;
}
$params = $tmpParams;
if (!$params) {
return "";
}
// Sort parameters alphabetically
ksort($params);
foreach ($params as $key => $val) {
if (is_array($val)) {
$params[$key] = implode(',', $val);
}
}
return '?' . http_build_query($params);
}
/**
* Generate self/first/prev/next/last/alternate links
*/
public static function buildLinks($action, $path, $totalResults, $queryParams, $nonDefaultParams, $excludeParams=[]) {
$apiVersion = $queryParams['v'];
$baseURI = Zotero_API::getBaseURI() . substr($path, 1);
$links = [];
//
// Generate URIs for 'self', 'first', 'next' and 'last' links
//
// 'self'
$links['self'] = $baseURI;
if ($nonDefaultParams) {
$links['self'] .= Zotero_API::buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $nonDefaultParams, $excludeParams);
}
// 'first'
$links['first'] = $baseURI;
if ($nonDefaultParams) {
$p = $nonDefaultParams;
unset($p['start']);
$links['first'] .= Zotero_API::buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $p, $excludeParams);
}
// 'prev'
if ($queryParams['start']) {
$p = $nonDefaultParams;
$prevStart = $queryParams['start'] - $queryParams['limit'];
if ($prevStart <= 0) {
unset($p['start']);
}
else {
$p['start'] = $prevStart;
}
$links['prev'] = $baseURI . Zotero_API::buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $p, $excludeParams);
}
// 'last'
if (!$queryParams['start'] && $queryParams['limit'] >= $totalResults) {
$links['last'] = $links['self'];
}
else if ($queryParams['limit'] != 0) {
// 'start' past results
if ($queryParams['start'] >= $totalResults) {
$lastStart = $totalResults - $queryParams['limit'];
}
else {
$lastStart = $totalResults - ($totalResults % $queryParams['limit']);
if ($lastStart == $totalResults) {
$lastStart = $totalResults - $queryParams['limit'];
}
}
$p = $nonDefaultParams;
if ($lastStart > 0) {
$p['start'] = $lastStart;
}
else {
unset($p['start']);
}
$links['last'] = $baseURI . Zotero_API::buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $p, $excludeParams);
// 'next'
$nextStart = $queryParams['start'] + $queryParams['limit'];
if ($nextStart < $totalResults) {
$p = $nonDefaultParams;
$p['start'] = $nextStart;
$links['next'] = $baseURI . Zotero_API::buildQueryString($apiVersion, $action, $p, $excludeParams);
}
}
$links['alternate'] = Zotero_URI::getBaseWWWURI() . substr($path, 1);
return $links;
}
private static function isValidFormatForAction($action, $format, $singleObject=false) {
$isExportFormat = in_array($format, Zotero_Translate::$exportFormats);
if ($action == 'items') {
if ($isExportFormat) {
return true;
}
switch ($format) {
case 'atom':
case 'bib':
case 'globalKeys':
case 'json':
return true;
case 'keys':
case 'versions':
if (!$singleObject) {
return true;
}
break;
}
return false;
}
else if ($action == 'collections' || $action == 'searches') {
switch ($format) {
case 'json':
case 'keys':
case 'versions':
if (!$singleObject) {
return true;
}
break;
}
}
else if ($action == 'fulltext') {
return $format == 'versions';
}
else if ($action == 'groups') {
switch ($format) {
case 'atom':
case 'json':
case 'etags':
case 'versions':
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Ignore format for other actions
return true;
}
private static function getDefaultDirection($field="") {
// Use descending for date fields
// TODO: use predefined field formats
if (strpos($field, 'date') === 0) {
return 'desc';
}
switch ($field) {
default:
return 'asc';
}
}
public static function getLimitMax($format="") {
switch ($format) {
case 'keys':
case 'versions':
return 0;
case 'bib':
return self::MAX_BIBLIOGRAPHY_ITEMS;
}
return 100;
}
private static function getSortEmptyFirst($field) {
switch ($field) {
case 'title':
case 'date':
case 'collectionKeyList':
case 'itemKeyList':
case 'searchKeyList':
return true;
}
return false;
}
private static function resolveDefaultParams($action, $defaultParams, $requestParams) {
$params = [];
foreach ($defaultParams as $key => $val) {
$params[$key] = self::resolveDefaultParam($key, $action, $defaultParams, $requestParams);
}
return $params;
}
/**
* Get the default value for a given parameter, which may be dependent on other parameters
* (either defaults or those set by the request)
*/
private static function resolveDefaultParam($param, $action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, $useRequestParams=false) {
if ($useRequestParams && !empty($requestParams[$param])) {
return $requestParams[$param];
}
if ($param == 'action') {
return $action;
}
try {
return self::resolveDefaultParamRecursive($action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, $defaultParams[$param]);
}
catch (Exception $e) {
throw new Exception("Can't resolve default value for '$param' (" . $e->getMessage() . ")");
}
}
private static function resolveDefaultParamRecursive($action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, $block) {
// If we've reached a regular value or array, just return it
if (is_scalar($block) || !$block || (is_array($block) && array_keys($block)[0] === 0)) {
return $block;
}
// Otherwise, get the dependency, which should be the sole property
if (sizeOf($block) != 1) {
throw new Exception("Invalid default parameter value: " . json_encode($block));
}
$depKey = array_keys($block)[0];
// Get the value for the dependency (including in the request, since it's the
// active parameter that matters here)
$depVal = self::resolveDefaultParam($depKey, $action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, true);
$resolved = false;
// And follow its dependency chain
if (isset($block[$depKey][$depVal])) {
$resolved = self::resolveDefaultParamRecursive($action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, $block[$depKey][$depVal]);
}
// If that wasn't fruitful, use 'default'
if ($resolved === false) {
if (!isset($block[$depKey]['default'])) {
throw new Exception("No default value");
}
$resolved = self::resolveDefaultParamRecursive($action, $defaultParams, $requestParams, $block[$depKey]['default']);
if ($resolved === false) {
throw new Exception("Cannot resolve default value");
}
}
return $resolved;
}
private static function removeParams($params, $excludeParams) {
$filtered = [];
foreach ($params as $key => $val) {
if (!in_array($key, $excludeParams)) {
$filtered[$key] = $val;
}
}
return $filtered;
}
private static function removePrivateParams($params) {
return self::removeParams($params, self::getPrivateParams());
}
private static function getPrivateParams() {
$params = ['emptyFirst', 'publications'];
if (!Z_CONFIG::$TESTING_SITE) {
$params[] = 'uncached';
}
return $params;
}
//
// URI generation
//
public static function getBaseURI() {
return Z_CONFIG::$API_BASE_URI;
}
public static function getLibraryURI($libraryID) {
$libraryType = Zotero_Libraries::getType($libraryID);
switch ($libraryType) {
case 'user':
$id = Zotero_Users::getUserIDFromLibraryID($libraryID);
return self::getBaseURI() . "users/$id";
case 'publications':
$id = Zotero_Users::getUserIDFromLibraryID($libraryID);
return self::getBaseURI() . "users/$id/publications";
case 'group':
$id = Zotero_Groups::getGroupIDFromLibraryID($libraryID);
return self::getBaseURI() . "groups/$id";
default:
throw new Exception("Invalid library type '$libraryType'");
}
}
public static function getUserURI($userID) {
return self::getBaseURI() . "users/$userID";
}
public static function getGroupURI(Zotero_Group $group) {
return self::getBaseURI() . "groups/$group->id";
}
public static function getGroupUserURI(Zotero_Group $group, $userID) {
return self::getGroupURI($group) . "/users/$userID";
}
public static function getObjectURI($obj) {
switch (get_class($obj)) {
case 'Zotero_Collection':
return self::getCollectionURI($obj);
case 'Zotero_Item':
return self::getItemURI($obj);
case 'Zotero_Search':
return self::getSearchURI($obj);
default:
throw new Exception("Unexpected object type '" . get_class($obj) . "'");
}
}
public static function getCollectionURI(Zotero_Collection $collection) {
return self::getLibraryURI($collection->libraryID) . "/collections/$collection->key";
}
public static function getCollectionsURI($libraryID) {
return self::getLibraryURI($libraryID) . "/collections";
}
public static function getCreatorURI(Zotero_Creator $creator) {
return self::getLibraryURI($creator->libraryID) . "/creators/$creator->key";
}
public static function getItemURI(Zotero_Item $item) {
return self::getLibraryURI($item->libraryID) . "/items/$item->key";
}
public static function getItemsURI($libraryID) {
return self::getLibraryURI($libraryID) . "/items";
}
public static function getSearchURI(Zotero_Search $search) {
return self::getLibraryURI($search->libraryID) . "/searches/$search->key";
}
public static function getTagURI(Zotero_Tag $tag) {
return self::getLibraryURI($tag->libraryID) . "/tags/" . urlencode($tag->name);
}
public static function getKeyURI(Zotero_Key $key) {
return self::getBaseURI() . $key->userID . "/keys/" . urlencode($key->key);
}
public static function outputContentType($format) {
$contentType = self::getContentTypeForFormat($format);
if ($contentType !== false) {
header('Content-Type: ' . $contentType);
}
}
public static function getContentTypeForFormat($format) {
switch ($format) {
case 'atom':
return 'application/atom+xml';
case 'bib':
return 'text/html; charset=UTF-8';
case 'csljson':
return 'application/vnd.citationstyles.csl+json';
case 'json':
return 'application/json';
case 'keys':
return 'text/plain';
case 'versions':
case 'writereport':
return 'application/json';
// Export formats -- normally we get these from translation-server, but we hard-code them
// here for HEAD requests, which don't run the translation. This should match
// SERVER_CONTENT_TYPES in src/server_translation.js in translation-server.
case 'bibtex':
case 'biblatex':
return 'application/x-bibtex';
case 'bookmarks':
case 'coins':
return 'text/html';
case 'mods':
return 'application/mods+xml';
case 'rdf_bibliontology':
case 'rdf_dc':
case 'rdf_zotero':
return 'application/rdf+xml';
case 'refer':
case 'ris':
return 'application/x-research-info-systems';
case 'tei':
return 'text/xml';
case 'wikipedia':
return 'text/x-wiki';
}
return false;
}
public static function buildLinkHeader($action, $url, $totalResults, array $queryParams) {
$path = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
$nonDefaultParams = self::getNonDefaultParams($action, $queryParams);
$links = self::buildLinks($action, $path, $totalResults, $queryParams, $nonDefaultParams);
$parts = [];
if (isset($links['first']) && $links['first'] != $links['self']) {