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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>The Unix Workbench</title>
<meta name="description" content="The Unix Workbench">
<meta name="generator" content="bookdown and GitBook 2.6.7">
<meta property="og:title" content="The Unix Workbench" />
<meta property="og:type" content="book" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="The Unix Workbench" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://github.com/seankross/the-unix-workbenchimages/cover.png" />
<meta name="author" content="Sean Kross">
<meta name="date" content="2019-01-22">
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<ul class="summary">
<li><a href="./">The Unix Workbench</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Title Page</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedication.html"><a href="dedication.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Dedication</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="acknowledgements.html"><a href="acknowledgements.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="introduction.html"><a href="introduction.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Introduction</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="what-is-unix.html"><a href="what-is-unix.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> What is Unix?</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="getting-unix.html"><a href="getting-unix.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Getting Unix</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="getting-unix.html"><a href="getting-unix.html#mac-ubuntu-users"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> Mac & Ubuntu Users</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="getting-unix.html"><a href="getting-unix.html#windows"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> Windows</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> Command Line Basics</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#hello-terminal"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Hello Terminal!</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.1" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#summary"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1.2" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#exercises"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#navigating-the-command-line"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Navigating the Command Line</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#summary-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#exercises-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#creation-and-inspection"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> Creation and Inspection</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#summary-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#exercises-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#migration-and-destruction"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> Migration and Destruction</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.1" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#summary-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4.2" data-path="command-line-basics.html"><a href="command-line-basics.html#exercises-3"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Working with Unix</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#self-help"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> Self-Help</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#exercises-4"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#get-wild"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> Get Wild</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#exercises-5"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#search"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> Search</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#regular-expressions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.1</b> Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#metacharacters"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.2</b> Metacharacters</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.3" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#character-sets"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.3</b> Character Sets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.4" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#escaping-anchors-odds-and-ends"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.4</b> Escaping, Anchors, Odds, and Ends</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.5" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#find"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.5</b> <code>find</code></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.6" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.6</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3.7" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#exercises-6"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3.7</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#configure"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> Configure</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#history"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.1</b> History</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#customizing-bash"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.2</b> Customizing Bash</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4.3" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4.3</b> Summary</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#differentiate"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> Differentiate</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5.1</b> Summary</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#pipes"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6</b> Pipes</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-9"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6.2" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#exercises-7"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#make"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7</b> Make</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7.1" data-path="working-with-unix.html"><a href="working-with-unix.html#summary-10"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7.1</b> Summary</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> Bash Programming</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#math"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> Math</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-11"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-8"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#variables"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2</b> Variables</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-12"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.2.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-9"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.2.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#user-input"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3</b> User Input</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-13"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.3.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-10"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.3.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#logic-and-ifelse"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4</b> Logic and If/Else</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#conditional-execution"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.1</b> Conditional Execution</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#conditional-expressions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.2</b> Conditional Expressions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.3" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#if-and-else"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.3</b> If and Else</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.4" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-14"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.4</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.4.5" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-11"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.4.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.5" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#arrays"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.5</b> Arrays</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.5.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-15"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.5.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.5.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-12"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.5.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.6" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#braces"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.6</b> Braces</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.6.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-16"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.6.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.6.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-13"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.6.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#loops"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7</b> Loops</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#for"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7.1</b> <code>for</code></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#while"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7.2</b> <code>while</code></a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7.3" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#nesting"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7.3</b> Nesting</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7.4" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-17"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7.4</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.7.5" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-14"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.7.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8</b> Functions</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#writing-functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8.1</b> Writing Functions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#getting-values-from-functions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8.2</b> Getting Values from Functions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8.3" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-18"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8.3</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.8.4" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-15"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.8.4</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#writing-programs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9</b> Writing Programs</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9.1" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#the-unix-philosophy"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9.1</b> The Unix Philosophy</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9.2" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#making-programs-executable"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9.2</b> Making Programs Executable</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9.3" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#environmental-variables"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9.3</b> Environmental Variables</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9.4" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#summary-19"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9.4</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.9.5" data-path="bash-programming.html"><a href="bash-programming.html#exercises-16"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.9.5</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#what-are-git-and-github"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> What are Git and GitHub?</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#setting-up-git-and-github"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> Setting Up Git and GitHub</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#getting-started-with-git"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3</b> Getting Started with Git</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.1" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#summary-20"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.2" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#exercises-17"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#important-git-features"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4</b> Important Git Features</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4.1" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#getting-help-logs-and-diffs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4.1</b> Getting Help, Logs, and Diffs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4.2" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#ignoring-files"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4.2</b> Ignoring Files</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4.3" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#summary-21"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4.3</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4.4" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#exercises-18"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4.4</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="6.5.1" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#summary-22"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.5.1</b> Summary</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.5.2" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#exercises-19"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.5.2</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6.1" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#markdown"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6.1</b> Markdown</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6.2" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#pull-requests"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6.2</b> Pull Requests</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6.3" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#pages"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6.3</b> Pages</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6.4" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#forking"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6.4</b> Forking</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="6.6.6" data-path="git-and-github.html"><a href="git-and-github.html#exercises-20"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.6.6</b> Exercises</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#introduction-to-cloud-computing"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> Introduction to Cloud Computing</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#setting-up-digitalocean"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> Setting Up DigitalOcean</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3.1" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#summary-24"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3.1</b> Summary</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#cloud-computing-basics"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> Cloud Computing Basics</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.1" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#moving-files-in-and-out-of-the-cloud"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.1</b> Moving Files In and Out of the Cloud</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.2" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#talking-to-other-servers"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.2</b> Talking to Other Servers</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4.4" data-path="nephology.html"><a href="nephology.html#summary-25"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4.4</b> Summary</a></li>
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<h1 class="title">The Unix Workbench</h1>
<p class="author"><em>Sean Kross</em></p>
<p class="date"><em>2019-01-22</em></p>
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<h1>Title Page</h1>
<p><img src="images/cover.png" width="350" height="560" alt="Cover image" /></p>
<p>Cover Image: <em>A Goldsmith in his Shop</em> by Petrus Christus</p>
<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><img src="images/cc0.png" alt="CC0" /></a></p>
<p>This work by <a href="http://seankross.com">Sean Kross</a> is licensed
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<p>This book is available for purchase on <a href="https://leanpub.com/unix">Leanpub.com</a>.</p>
<p>This book can be used on its own, however it’s also the companion textbook to
a course of the same name on <a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/unix">Coursera.org</a>.</p>
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