|
| 1 | +# java 产生指定范围的随机数 |
| 2 | +问题,如何使用 java 产生 0~10,5~10 之间的随机数? |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | +## [Math.random()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html#random--) |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +Math.random() 可以产生一个 **大于等于** 0 且 **小于** 1 的双精度伪随机数,假设需要产生 ”0《= 随机数 <=10” 的随机数,可以这样做: |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +``` |
| 9 | +int num =(int)(Math.random() * 11); |
| 10 | +
|
| 11 | +``` |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +那如何产生 “5《= 随机数 <= 10” 的随机数呢? |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +``` |
| 16 | +int num = 5 + (int)(Math.random() * 6); |
| 17 | +
|
| 18 | +``` |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +生成 “min <= 随机数 <= max ” 的随机数 |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +``` |
| 23 | +int num = min + (int)(Math.random() * (max-min+1)); |
| 24 | +
|
| 25 | +``` |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +## [java.util.Random](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Random.html) |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +Random 是 java 提供的一个伪随机数生成器。 |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +生成 “min <= 随机数 <= max ” 的随机数: |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +``` |
| 35 | +import java.util.Random; |
| 36 | +
|
| 37 | +/** |
| 38 | + * Returns a pseudo-random number between min and max, inclusive. |
| 39 | + * The difference between min and max can be at most |
| 40 | + * <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1</code>. |
| 41 | + * |
| 42 | + * @param min Minimum value |
| 43 | + * @param max Maximum value. Must be greater than min. |
| 44 | + * @return Integer between min and max, inclusive. |
| 45 | + * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int) |
| 46 | + */ |
| 47 | +public static int randInt(int min, int max) { |
| 48 | +
|
| 49 | + // NOTE: Usually this should be a field rather than a method |
| 50 | + // variable so that it is not re-seeded every call. |
| 51 | + Random rand = new Random(); |
| 52 | +
|
| 53 | + // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value, |
| 54 | + // so add 1 to make it inclusive |
| 55 | + int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min; |
| 56 | +
|
| 57 | + return randomNum; |
| 58 | +} |
| 59 | +
|
| 60 | +``` |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +## 标准库 |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +在实际使用中,没有必要区重新写一次这些随机数的生成规则,可以借助一些标准库完成。如 [commons-lang](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/index.html). |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils 提供了如下产生指定范围的随机数方法: |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +``` |
| 69 | +// 产生 start <= 随机数 < end 的随机整数 |
| 70 | +public static int nextInt(final int startInclusive, final int endExclusive); |
| 71 | +// 产生 start <= 随机数 < end 的随机长整数 |
| 72 | +public static long nextLong(final long startInclusive, final long endExclusive); |
| 73 | +// 产生 start <= 随机数 < end 的随机双精度数 |
| 74 | +public static double nextDouble(final double startInclusive, final double endInclusive); |
| 75 | +// 产生 start <= 随机数 < end 的随机浮点数 |
| 76 | +public static float nextFloat(final float startInclusive, final float endInclusive); |
| 77 | +
|
| 78 | +``` |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | +org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils 提供了生成随机字符串的方法,简单介绍一下: |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +``` |
| 83 | +// 生成指定个数的随机数字串 |
| 84 | +public static String randomNumeric(final int count); |
| 85 | +// 生成指定个数的随机字母串 |
| 86 | +public static String randomAlphabetic(final int count); |
| 87 | +// 生成指定个数的随机字母数字串 |
| 88 | +public static String randomAlphanumeric(final int count); |
| 89 | +
|
| 90 | +``` |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +stackoverflow原址:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/363681/generating-random-integers-in-a-range-with-java |
| 93 | +文章若有写得不正确或不通顺的地方,恳请你指出,谢谢。 |
| 94 | + |
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