urls.py

import os

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls import include
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from django.contrib.auth.views import (
    LoginView,
    PasswordResetCompleteView,
    PasswordResetConfirmView,
    PasswordResetDoneView,
)
from django.urls import path
from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
from django.views.generic import RedirectView, TemplateView

from zerver.forms import LoggingSetPasswordForm
from zerver.lib.integrations import WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS
from zerver.lib.rest import rest_path
from zerver.tornado.views import cleanup_event_queue, get_events, get_events_internal, notify
from zerver.views.alert_words import add_alert_words, list_alert_words, remove_alert_words
from zerver.views.archive import archive, get_web_public_topics_backend
from zerver.views.attachments import list_by_user, remove
from zerver.views.auth import (
    api_dev_fetch_api_key,
    api_dev_list_users,
    api_fetch_api_key,
    api_fetch_google_client_id,
    api_get_server_settings,
    dev_direct_login,
    json_fetch_api_key,
    log_into_subdomain,
    login_page,
    logout_then_login,
    password_reset,
    remote_user_jwt,
    remote_user_sso,
    saml_sp_metadata,
    show_deactivation_notice,
    start_remote_user_sso,
    start_social_login,
    start_social_signup,
)
from zerver.views.camo import handle_camo_url
from zerver.views.compatibility import check_global_compatibility
from zerver.views.custom_profile_fields import (
    create_realm_custom_profile_field,
    delete_realm_custom_profile_field,
    list_realm_custom_profile_fields,
    remove_user_custom_profile_data,
    reorder_realm_custom_profile_fields,
    update_realm_custom_profile_field,
    update_user_custom_profile_data,
)
from zerver.views.digest import digest_page
from zerver.views.documentation import IntegrationView, MarkdownDirectoryView, integration_doc
from zerver.views.drafts import create_drafts, delete_draft, edit_draft, fetch_drafts
from zerver.views.email_mirror import email_mirror_message
from zerver.views.events_register import events_register_backend
from zerver.views.home import accounts_accept_terms, desktop_home, home
from zerver.views.hotspots import mark_hotspot_as_read
from zerver.views.invite import (
    generate_multiuse_invite_backend,
    get_user_invites,
    invite_users_backend,
    resend_user_invite_email,
    revoke_multiuse_invite,
    revoke_user_invite,
)
from zerver.views.message_edit import (
    delete_message_backend,
    get_message_edit_history,
    json_fetch_raw_message,
    update_message_backend,
)
from zerver.views.message_fetch import get_messages_backend, messages_in_narrow_backend
from zerver.views.message_flags import (
    mark_all_as_read,
    mark_stream_as_read,
    mark_topic_as_read,
    update_message_flags,
)
from zerver.views.message_send import render_message_backend, send_message_backend, zcommand_backend
from zerver.views.muting import update_muted_topic
from zerver.views.portico import (
    apps_view,
    hello_view,
    landing_view,
    plans_view,
    privacy_view,
    team_view,
    terms_view,
)
from zerver.views.presence import (
    get_presence_backend,
    get_statuses_for_realm,
    update_active_status_backend,
    update_user_status_backend,
)
from zerver.views.push_notifications import (
    add_android_reg_id,
    add_apns_device_token,
    remove_android_reg_id,
    remove_apns_device_token,
)
from zerver.views.reactions import add_reaction, remove_reaction
from zerver.views.realm import (
    check_subdomain_available,
    deactivate_realm,
    realm_reactivation,
    update_realm,
)
from zerver.views.realm_domains import (
    create_realm_domain,
    delete_realm_domain,
    list_realm_domains,
    patch_realm_domain,
)
from zerver.views.realm_emoji import delete_emoji, list_emoji, upload_emoji
from zerver.views.realm_export import delete_realm_export, export_realm, get_realm_exports
from zerver.views.realm_filters import create_filter, delete_filter, list_filters
from zerver.views.realm_icon import delete_icon_backend, get_icon_backend, upload_icon
from zerver.views.realm_logo import delete_logo_backend, get_logo_backend, upload_logo
from zerver.views.registration import (
    accounts_home,
    accounts_home_from_multiuse_invite,
    accounts_register,
    check_prereg_key_and_redirect,
    create_realm,
    find_account,
    generate_204,
    realm_redirect,
)
from zerver.views.report import (
    report_csp_violations,
    report_error,
    report_narrow_times,
    report_send_times,
    report_unnarrow_times,
)
from zerver.views.storage import get_storage, remove_storage, update_storage
from zerver.views.streams import (
    add_default_stream,
    add_subscriptions_backend,
    create_default_stream_group,
    deactivate_stream_backend,
    delete_in_topic,
    get_streams_backend,
    get_subscribers_backend,
    get_topics_backend,
    json_get_stream_id,
    list_subscriptions_backend,
    remove_default_stream,
    remove_default_stream_group,
    remove_subscriptions_backend,
    update_default_stream_group_info,
    update_default_stream_group_streams,
    update_stream_backend,
    update_subscription_properties_backend,
    update_subscriptions_backend,
    update_subscriptions_property,
)
from zerver.views.submessage import process_submessage
from zerver.views.thumbnail import backend_serve_thumbnail
from zerver.views.tutorial import set_tutorial_status
from zerver.views.typing import send_notification_backend
from zerver.views.unsubscribe import email_unsubscribe
from zerver.views.upload import (
    serve_file_backend,
    serve_file_url_backend,
    serve_local_file_unauthed,
    upload_file_backend,
)
from zerver.views.user_groups import (
    add_user_group,
    delete_user_group,
    edit_user_group,
    get_user_group,
    update_user_group_backend,
)
from zerver.views.user_settings import (
    change_enter_sends,
    confirm_email_change,
    delete_avatar_backend,
    json_change_notify_settings,
    json_change_settings,
    regenerate_api_key,
    set_avatar_backend,
    update_display_settings_backend,
)
from zerver.views.users import (
    add_bot_backend,
    avatar,
    create_user_backend,
    deactivate_bot_backend,
    deactivate_user_backend,
    deactivate_user_own_backend,
    get_bots_backend,
    get_members_backend,
    get_profile_backend,
    get_subscription_backend,
    patch_bot_backend,
    reactivate_user_backend,
    regenerate_bot_api_key,
    update_user_backend,
)
from zerver.views.video_calls import (
    complete_zoom_user,
    deauthorize_zoom_user,
    get_bigbluebutton_url,
    join_bigbluebutton,
    make_zoom_video_call,
    register_zoom_user,
)
from zerver.views.zephyr import webathena_kerberos_login
from zproject import dev_urls
from zproject.legacy_urls import legacy_urls

if settings.TWO_FACTOR_AUTHENTICATION_ENABLED:
    from two_factor.gateways.twilio.urls import urlpatterns as tf_twilio_urls
    from two_factor.urls import urlpatterns as tf_urls

# NB: There are several other pieces of code which route requests by URL:
#
#   - legacy_urls.py contains API endpoint written before the redesign
#     and should not be added to.
#
#   - runtornado.py has its own URL list for Tornado views.  See the
#     invocation of web.Application in that file.
#
#   - The Nginx config knows which URLs to route to Django or Tornado.
#
#   - Likewise for the local dev server in tools/run-dev.py.

# These endpoints constitute the currently designed API (V1), which uses:
# * REST verbs
# * Basic auth (username:password is email:apiKey)
# * Take and return json-formatted data
#
# If you're adding a new endpoint to the code that requires authentication,
# please add it here.
# See rest_dispatch in zerver.lib.rest for an explanation of auth methods used
#
# All of these paths are accessed by either a /json or /api/v1 prefix;
# e.g. `PATCH /json/realm` or `PATCH /api/v1/realm`.
v1_api_and_json_patterns = [
    # realm-level calls
    rest_path('realm',
              PATCH=update_realm),

    # Returns a 204, used by desktop app to verify connectivity status
    path('generate_204', generate_204),

    path('realm/subdomain/<subdomain>', check_subdomain_available),

    # realm/domains -> zerver.views.realm_domains
    rest_path('realm/domains',
              GET=list_realm_domains,
              POST=create_realm_domain),
    rest_path('realm/domains/<domain>',
              PATCH=patch_realm_domain,
              DELETE=delete_realm_domain),

    # realm/emoji -> zerver.views.realm_emoji
    rest_path('realm/emoji',
              GET=list_emoji),
    rest_path('realm/emoji/<emoji_name>',
              POST=upload_emoji,
              DELETE=(delete_emoji, {"intentionally_undocumented"})),
    # this endpoint throws a status code 400 JsonableError when it should be a 404.

    # realm/icon -> zerver.views.realm_icon
    rest_path('realm/icon',
              POST=upload_icon,
              DELETE=delete_icon_backend,
              GET=get_icon_backend),

    # realm/logo -> zerver.views.realm_logo
    rest_path('realm/logo',
              POST=upload_logo,
              DELETE=delete_logo_backend,
              GET=get_logo_backend),

    # realm/filters -> zerver.views.realm_filters
    rest_path('realm/filters',
              GET=list_filters,
              POST=create_filter),
    rest_path('realm/filters/<int:filter_id>',
              DELETE=delete_filter),

    # realm/profile_fields -> zerver.views.custom_profile_fields
    rest_path('realm/profile_fields',
              GET=list_realm_custom_profile_fields,
              PATCH=reorder_realm_custom_profile_fields,
              POST=create_realm_custom_profile_field),
    rest_path('realm/profile_fields/<int:field_id>',
              PATCH=update_realm_custom_profile_field,
              DELETE=delete_realm_custom_profile_field),

    # realm/deactivate -> zerver.views.deactivate_realm
    rest_path('realm/deactivate',
              POST=deactivate_realm),

    # users -> zerver.views.users
    rest_path('users',
              GET=get_members_backend,
              POST=create_user_backend),
    rest_path('users/me',
              GET=get_profile_backend,
              DELETE=deactivate_user_own_backend),
    rest_path('users/<int:user_id>/reactivate',
              POST=reactivate_user_backend),
    rest_path('users/<int:user_id>',
              GET=get_members_backend,
              PATCH=update_user_backend,
              DELETE=deactivate_user_backend),
    rest_path('users/<int:user_id>/subscriptions/<int:stream_id>',
              GET=get_subscription_backend),
    rest_path('bots',
              GET=get_bots_backend,
              POST=add_bot_backend),
    rest_path('bots/<int:bot_id>/api_key/regenerate',
              POST=regenerate_bot_api_key),
    rest_path('bots/<int:bot_id>',
              PATCH=patch_bot_backend,
              DELETE=deactivate_bot_backend),

    # invites -> zerver.views.invite
    rest_path('invites',
              GET=get_user_invites,
              POST=invite_users_backend),
    rest_path('invites/<int:prereg_id>',
              DELETE=revoke_user_invite),
    rest_path('invites/<int:prereg_id>/resend',
              POST=resend_user_invite_email),

    # invites/multiuse -> zerver.views.invite
    rest_path('invites/multiuse',
              POST=generate_multiuse_invite_backend),
    # invites/multiuse -> zerver.views.invite
    rest_path('invites/multiuse/<int:invite_id>',
              DELETE=revoke_multiuse_invite),

    # mark messages as read (in bulk)
    rest_path('mark_all_as_read',
              POST=mark_all_as_read),
    rest_path('mark_stream_as_read',
              POST=mark_stream_as_read),
    rest_path('mark_topic_as_read',
              POST=mark_topic_as_read),

    rest_path('zcommand',
              POST=zcommand_backend),

    # Endpoints for syncing drafts.
    rest_path('drafts',
              GET=(fetch_drafts,
                   {'intentionally_undocumented'}),
              POST=(create_drafts,
                    {'intentionally_undocumented'})),
    rest_path('drafts/<int:draft_id>',
              PATCH=(edit_draft,
                     {'intentionally_undocumented'}),
              DELETE=(delete_draft,
                      {'intentionally_undocumented'})),

    # messages -> zerver.views.message*
    # GET returns messages, possibly filtered, POST sends a message
    rest_path('messages',
              GET=(get_messages_backend,
                   {'allow_anonymous_user_web'}),
              POST=(send_message_backend,
                    {'allow_incoming_webhooks'})),
    rest_path('messages/<int:message_id>',
              GET=json_fetch_raw_message,
              PATCH=update_message_backend,
              DELETE=delete_message_backend),
    rest_path('messages/render',
              POST=render_message_backend),
    rest_path('messages/flags',
              POST=update_message_flags),
    rest_path('messages/<int:message_id>/history',
              GET=get_message_edit_history),
    rest_path('messages/matches_narrow',
              GET=messages_in_narrow_backend),

    rest_path('users/me/subscriptions/properties',
              POST=update_subscription_properties_backend),

    rest_path('users/me/subscriptions/<int:stream_id>',
              PATCH=update_subscriptions_property),

    rest_path('submessage',
              POST=process_submessage),

    # New endpoint for handling reactions.
    # reactions -> zerver.view.reactions
    # POST adds a reaction to a message
    # DELETE removes a reaction from a message
    rest_path('messages/<int:message_id>/reactions',
              POST=add_reaction,
              DELETE=remove_reaction),

    # attachments -> zerver.views.attachments
    rest_path('attachments',
              GET=list_by_user),
    rest_path('attachments/<int:attachment_id>',
              DELETE=remove),

    # typing -> zerver.views.typing
    # POST sends a typing notification event to recipients
    rest_path('typing',
              POST=send_notification_backend),

    # user_uploads -> zerver.views.upload
    rest_path('user_uploads',
              POST=upload_file_backend),
    rest_path('user_uploads/<realm_id_str>/<path:filename>',
              GET=(serve_file_url_backend,
                   {'override_api_url_scheme'})),

    # bot_storage -> zerver.views.storage
    rest_path('bot_storage',
              PUT=update_storage,
              GET=get_storage,
              DELETE=remove_storage),

    # Endpoint used by mobile devices to register their push
    # notification credentials
    rest_path('users/me/apns_device_token',
              POST=add_apns_device_token,
              DELETE=remove_apns_device_token),
    rest_path('users/me/android_gcm_reg_id',
              POST=add_android_reg_id,
              DELETE=remove_android_reg_id),

    # users/*/presnece => zerver.views.presence.
    rest_path('users/me/presence',
              POST=update_active_status_backend),
    # It's important that this sit after users/me/presence so that
    # Django's URL resolution order doesn't break the
    # /users/me/presence endpoint.
    rest_path('users/<email>/presence',
              GET=get_presence_backend),
    rest_path('realm/presence',
              GET=get_statuses_for_realm),
    rest_path('users/me/status',
              POST=update_user_status_backend),

    # user_groups -> zerver.views.user_groups
    rest_path('user_groups',
              GET=get_user_group),
    rest_path('user_groups/create',
              POST=add_user_group),
    rest_path('user_groups/<int:user_group_id>',
              PATCH=edit_user_group,
              DELETE=delete_user_group),
    rest_path('user_groups/<int:user_group_id>/members',
              POST=update_user_group_backend),

    # users/me -> zerver.views.user_settings
    rest_path('users/me/api_key/regenerate',
              POST=regenerate_api_key),
    rest_path('users/me/enter-sends',
              POST=(change_enter_sends,
                    # This endpoint should be folded into user settings
                    {'intentionally_undocumented'})),
    rest_path('users/me/avatar',
              POST=set_avatar_backend,
              DELETE=delete_avatar_backend),

    # users/me/hotspots -> zerver.views.hotspots
    rest_path('users/me/hotspots',
              POST=(mark_hotspot_as_read,
                    # This endpoint is low priority for documentation as
                    # it is part of the webapp-specific tutorial.
                    {'intentionally_undocumented'})),

    # users/me/tutorial_status -> zerver.views.tutorial
    rest_path('users/me/tutorial_status',
              POST=(set_tutorial_status,
                    # This is a relic of an old Zulip tutorial model and
                    # should be deleted.
                    {'intentionally_undocumented'})),

    # settings -> zerver.views.user_settings
    rest_path('settings',
              PATCH=json_change_settings),
    rest_path('settings/display',
              PATCH=update_display_settings_backend),
    rest_path('settings/notifications',
              PATCH=json_change_notify_settings),

    # users/me/alert_words -> zerver.views.alert_words
    rest_path('users/me/alert_words',
              GET=list_alert_words,
              POST=add_alert_words,
              DELETE=remove_alert_words),

    # users/me/custom_profile_data -> zerver.views.custom_profile_data
    rest_path('users/me/profile_data',
              PATCH=update_user_custom_profile_data,
              DELETE=remove_user_custom_profile_data),

    rest_path('users/me/<int:stream_id>/topics',
              GET=(get_topics_backend,
                   {'allow_anonymous_user_web'})),


    # streams -> zerver.views.streams
    # (this API is only used externally)
    rest_path('streams',
              GET=get_streams_backend),

    # GET returns `stream_id`, stream name should be encoded in the url query (in `stream` param)
    rest_path('get_stream_id',
              GET=json_get_stream_id),

    # GET returns "stream info" (undefined currently?), HEAD returns whether stream exists (200 or 404)
    rest_path('streams/<int:stream_id>/members',
              GET=get_subscribers_backend),
    rest_path('streams/<int:stream_id>',
              PATCH=update_stream_backend,
              DELETE=deactivate_stream_backend),

    # Delete topic in stream
    rest_path('streams/<int:stream_id>/delete_topic',
              POST=delete_in_topic),

    rest_path('default_streams',
              POST=add_default_stream,
              DELETE=remove_default_stream),
    rest_path('default_stream_groups/create',
              POST=create_default_stream_group),
    rest_path('default_stream_groups/<int:group_id>',
              PATCH=update_default_stream_group_info,
              DELETE=remove_default_stream_group),
    rest_path('default_stream_groups/<int:group_id>/streams',
              PATCH=update_default_stream_group_streams),
    # GET lists your streams, POST bulk adds, PATCH bulk modifies/removes
    rest_path('users/me/subscriptions',
              GET=list_subscriptions_backend,
              POST=add_subscriptions_backend,
              PATCH=update_subscriptions_backend,
              DELETE=remove_subscriptions_backend),
    # muting -> zerver.views.muting
    rest_path('users/me/subscriptions/muted_topics',
              PATCH=update_muted_topic),

    # used to register for an event queue in tornado
    rest_path('register',
              POST=events_register_backend),

    # events -> zerver.tornado.views
    rest_path('events',
              GET=get_events,
              DELETE=cleanup_event_queue),

    # report -> zerver.views.report
    #
    # These endpoints are for internal error/performance reporting
    # from the browser to the webapp, and we don't expect to ever
    # include in our API documentation.
    rest_path('report/error',
              # Logged-out browsers can hit this endpoint, for portico page JS exceptions.
              POST=(report_error, {'allow_anonymous_user_web',
                                   'intentionally_undocumented'})),
    rest_path('report/send_times',
              POST=(report_send_times, {'intentionally_undocumented'})),
    rest_path('report/narrow_times',
              POST=(report_narrow_times, {'allow_anonymous_user_web',
                                          'intentionally_undocumented'})),
    rest_path('report/unnarrow_times',
              POST=(report_unnarrow_times, {'allow_anonymous_user_web',
                                            'intentionally_undocumented'})),

    # Used to generate a Zoom video call URL
    rest_path('calls/zoom/create',
              POST=make_zoom_video_call),
    # Used to generate a Big Blue Button video call URL
    rest_path('calls/bigbluebutton/create',
              GET=get_bigbluebutton_url),

    # export/realm -> zerver.views.realm_export
    rest_path('export/realm',
              POST=export_realm,
              GET=get_realm_exports),
    rest_path('export/realm/<int:export_id>',
              DELETE=delete_realm_export),
]

integrations_view = IntegrationView.as_view()

# These views serve pages (HTML). As such, their internationalization
# must depend on the url.
#
# If you're adding a new page to the website (as opposed to a new
# endpoint for use by code), you should add it here.
i18n_urls = [
    path('', home, name='home'),
    # We have a desktop-specific landing page in case we change our /
    # to not log in in the future. We don't want to require a new
    # desktop app build for everyone in that case
    path('desktop_home/', desktop_home),

    # Backwards-compatibility (legacy) Google auth URL for the mobile
    # apps; see https://github.com/zulip/zulip/issues/13081 for
    # background.  We can remove this once older versions of the
    # mobile app are no longer present in the wild.
    path('accounts/login/google/', start_social_login, {"backend": "google"}),

    path('accounts/login/start/sso/', start_remote_user_sso, name='start-login-sso'),
    path('accounts/login/sso/', remote_user_sso, name='login-sso'),
    path('accounts/login/jwt/', remote_user_jwt),
    path('accounts/login/social/<backend>', start_social_login,
         name='login-social'),
    path('accounts/login/social/<backend>/<extra_arg>', start_social_login,
         name='login-social'),
    path('accounts/register/social/<backend>',
         start_social_signup,
         name='signup-social'),
    path('accounts/register/social/<backend>/<extra_arg>',
         start_social_signup,
         name='signup-social'),
    path('accounts/login/subdomain/<token>', log_into_subdomain),
    path('accounts/login/local/', dev_direct_login, name='login-local'),
    # We have two entries for accounts/login; only the first one is
    # used for URL resolution.  The second here is to allow
    # reverse("login") in templates to
    # return `/accounts/login/`.
    path('accounts/login/', login_page,
         {'template_name': 'zerver/login.html'}, name='login_page'),
    path('accounts/login/', LoginView.as_view(template_name='zerver/login.html'),
         name='login'),
    path('accounts/logout/', logout_then_login),

    path('accounts/webathena_kerberos_login/',
         webathena_kerberos_login),

    path('accounts/password/reset/', password_reset, name='password_reset'),
    path('accounts/password/reset/done/',
         PasswordResetDoneView.as_view(template_name='zerver/reset_emailed.html')),
    path('accounts/password/reset/<uidb64>/<token>/',
         PasswordResetConfirmView.as_view(success_url='/accounts/password/done/',
                                          template_name='zerver/reset_confirm.html',
                                          form_class=LoggingSetPasswordForm),
         name='password_reset_confirm'),
    path('accounts/password/done/',
         PasswordResetCompleteView.as_view(template_name='zerver/reset_done.html')),
    path('accounts/deactivated/',
         show_deactivation_notice),

    # Displays digest email content in browser.
    path('digest/', digest_page),

    # Registration views, require a confirmation ID.
    path('accounts/home/', accounts_home),
    path('accounts/send_confirm/<email>',
         TemplateView.as_view(
             template_name='zerver/accounts_send_confirm.html'),
         name='signup_send_confirm'),
    path('accounts/new/send_confirm/<email>',
         TemplateView.as_view(
             template_name='zerver/accounts_send_confirm.html'),
         {'realm_creation': True}, name='new_realm_send_confirm'),
    path('accounts/register/', accounts_register, name='accounts_register'),
    path('accounts/do_confirm/<confirmation_key>',
         check_prereg_key_and_redirect,
         name='check_prereg_key_and_redirect'),

    path('accounts/confirm_new_email/<confirmation_key>',
         confirm_email_change,
         name='confirm_email_change'),

    # Email unsubscription endpoint. Allows for unsubscribing from various types of emails,
    # including the welcome emails (day 1 & 2), missed PMs, etc.
    path('accounts/unsubscribe/<email_type>/<confirmation_key>',
         email_unsubscribe, name='unsubscribe'),

    # Portico-styled page used to provide email confirmation of terms acceptance.
    path('accounts/accept_terms/', accounts_accept_terms, name='accept_terms'),

    # Find your account
    path('accounts/find/', find_account, name='find_account'),

    # Go to organization subdomain
    path('accounts/go/', realm_redirect, name='realm_redirect'),

    # Realm Creation
    path('new/', create_realm),
    path('new/<creation_key>',
         create_realm, name='create_realm'),

    # Realm Reactivation
    path('reactivate/<confirmation_key>', realm_reactivation,
         name='realm_reactivation'),

    # Global public streams (Zulip's way of doing archives)
    path('archive/streams/<int:stream_id>/topics/<topic_name>',
         archive),
    path('archive/streams/<int:stream_id>/topics',
         get_web_public_topics_backend),

    # Login/registration
    path('register/', accounts_home, name='register'),
    path('login/', login_page, {'template_name': 'zerver/login.html'},
         name='login_page'),

    path('join/<confirmation_key>/',
         accounts_home_from_multiuse_invite, name='join'),

    # Used to generate a Zoom video call URL
    path('calls/zoom/register', register_zoom_user),
    path('calls/zoom/complete', complete_zoom_user),
    path('calls/zoom/deauthorize', deauthorize_zoom_user),

    # Used to join a Big Blue Button video call
    path('calls/bigbluebutton/join', join_bigbluebutton),

    # API and integrations documentation
    path('integrations/doc-html/<integration_name>',
         integration_doc),
    path('integrations/', integrations_view),
    path('integrations/<path:path>', integrations_view),

    # Landing page, features pages, signup form, etc.
    path('hello/', hello_view),
    path('new-user/', RedirectView.as_view(url='/hello', permanent=True)),
    path('features/', landing_view, {'template_name': 'zerver/features.html'}),
    path('plans/', plans_view, name='plans'),
    path('apps/', apps_view),
    path('apps/<platform>', apps_view),
    path('team/', team_view),
    path('history/', landing_view, {'template_name': 'zerver/history.html'}),
    path('why-zulip/', landing_view, {'template_name': 'zerver/why-zulip.html'}),
    path('for/open-source/', landing_view,
         {'template_name': 'zerver/for-open-source.html'}),
    path('for/research/', landing_view,
         {'template_name': 'zerver/for-research.html'}),
    path('for/companies/', landing_view,
         {'template_name': 'zerver/for-companies.html'}),
    path('for/working-groups-and-communities/', landing_view,
         {'template_name': 'zerver/for-working-groups-and-communities.html'}),
    path('security/', landing_view, {'template_name': 'zerver/security.html'}),
    path('atlassian/', landing_view, {'template_name': 'zerver/atlassian.html'}),

    # Terms of Service and privacy pages.
    path('terms/', terms_view),
    path('privacy/', privacy_view),
]

# Make a copy of i18n_urls so that they appear without prefix for english
urls = list(i18n_urls)

# Include the dual-use patterns twice
urls += [
    path('api/v1/', include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
    path('json/', include(v1_api_and_json_patterns)),
]

# user_uploads -> zerver.views.upload.serve_file_backend
#
# This url is an exception to the url naming schemes for endpoints. It
# supports both API and session cookie authentication, using a single
# URL for both (not 'api/v1/' or 'json/' prefix). This is required to
# easily support the mobile apps fetching uploaded files without
# having to rewrite URLs, and is implemented using the
# 'override_api_url_scheme' flag passed to rest_dispatch
urls += [
    path('user_uploads/temporary/<token>/<filename>',
         serve_local_file_unauthed,
         name='local_file_unauthed'),
    rest_path('user_uploads/<realm_id_str>/<path:filename>',
              GET=(serve_file_backend,
                   {'override_api_url_scheme'})),
    # This endpoint serves thumbnailed versions of images using thumbor;
    # it requires an exception for the same reason.
    rest_path('thumbnail',
              GET=(backend_serve_thumbnail,
                   {'override_api_url_scheme'})),
    # Avatars have the same constraint because their URLs are included
    # in API data structures used by both the mobile and web clients.
    rest_path('avatar/<email_or_id>',
              GET=(avatar,
                   {'override_api_url_scheme'})),
    rest_path('avatar/<email_or_id>/medium',
              {'medium': True},
              GET=(avatar,
                   {'override_api_url_scheme'})),
]

# This url serves as a way to receive CSP violation reports from the users.
# We use this endpoint to just log these reports.
urls += [
    path('report/csp_violations', report_csp_violations),
]

# This url serves as a way to provide backward compatibility to messages
# rendered at the time Zulip used camo for doing http -> https conversion for
# such links with images previews. Now thumbor can be used for serving such
# images.
urls += [
    path('external_content/<digest>/<received_url>',
         handle_camo_url),
]

# Incoming webhook URLs
# We don't create urls for particular git integrations here
# because of generic one below
for incoming_webhook in WEBHOOK_INTEGRATIONS:
    if incoming_webhook.url_object:
        urls.append(incoming_webhook.url_object)

# Desktop-specific authentication URLs
urls += [
    rest_path('json/fetch_api_key',
              POST=json_fetch_api_key),
]

# Mobile-specific authentication URLs
urls += [
    # Used as a global check by all mobile clients, which currently send
    # requests to https://zulip.com/compatibility almost immediately after
    # starting up.
    path('compatibility', check_global_compatibility),
]

v1_api_mobile_patterns = [
    # This json format view used by the mobile apps lists which
    # authentication backends the server allows as well as details
    # like the requested subdomains'd realm icon (if known) and
    # server-specific compatibility.
    path('server_settings', api_get_server_settings),

    # This json format view used by the mobile apps accepts a username
    # password/pair and returns an API key.
    path('fetch_api_key', api_fetch_api_key),

    # This is for the signing in through the devAuthBackEnd on mobile apps.
    path('dev_fetch_api_key', api_dev_fetch_api_key),
    # This is for fetching the emails of the admins and the users.
    path('dev_list_users', api_dev_list_users),

    # Used to present the GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID to mobile apps
    path('fetch_google_client_id',
         api_fetch_google_client_id),
]
urls += [
    path('api/v1/', include(v1_api_mobile_patterns)),
]

# View for uploading messages from email mirror
urls += [
    path('email_mirror_message', email_mirror_message),
]

# Include URL configuration files for site-specified extra installed
# Django apps
for app_name in settings.EXTRA_INSTALLED_APPS:
    app_dir = os.path.join(settings.DEPLOY_ROOT, app_name)
    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(app_dir, 'urls.py')):
        urls += [path('', include(f'{app_name}.urls'))]
        i18n_urls += import_string(f"{app_name}.urls.i18n_urlpatterns")

# Tornado views
urls += [
    # Used internally for communication between Django and Tornado processes
    #
    # Since these views don't use rest_dispatch, they cannot have
    # asynchronous Tornado behavior.
    path('notify_tornado', notify),
    path('api/v1/events/internal', get_events_internal),
]

# Python Social Auth

urls += [path('', include('social_django.urls', namespace='social'))]
urls += [path('saml/metadata.xml', saml_sp_metadata)]

# User documentation site
help_documentation_view = MarkdownDirectoryView.as_view(
    template_name='zerver/documentation_main.html', path_template='/zerver/help/%s.md'
)
api_documentation_view = MarkdownDirectoryView.as_view(
    template_name='zerver/documentation_main.html', path_template='/zerver/api/%s.md'
)
urls += [
    path('help/', help_documentation_view),
    path('help/<path:article>', help_documentation_view),
    path('api/', api_documentation_view),
    path('api/<slug:article>', api_documentation_view),
]

# Two Factor urls
if settings.TWO_FACTOR_AUTHENTICATION_ENABLED:
    urls += [path('', include(tf_urls)),
             path('', include(tf_twilio_urls))]

if settings.DEVELOPMENT:
    urls += dev_urls.urls
    i18n_urls += dev_urls.i18n_urls

# The sequence is important; if i18n urls don't come first then
# reverse url mapping points to i18n urls which causes the frontend
# tests to fail
urlpatterns = i18n_patterns(*i18n_urls) + urls + legacy_urls