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title description author ms.author ms.date ms.service ms.subservice ms.topic f1_keywords helpviewer_keywords dev_langs monikerRange
ALTER AUTHORIZATION (Transact-SQL)
ALTER AUTHORIZATION (Transact-SQL)
VanMSFT
vanto
02/01/2021
sql
t-sql
reference
ALTER_AUTHORIZATION_TSQL
ALTER AUTHORIZATION
owners [SQL Server], transferring
modifying entity ownership
full-text search [SQL Server], permissions
owners [SQL Server], entities
ALTER AUTHORIZATION statement
entity ownership [SQL Server]
transferring ownership
search property lists [SQL Server], permissions
TAKE OWNERSHIP
TSQL
>=aps-pdw-2016||=azuresqldb-current||=azure-sqldw-latest||>=sql-server-2016||>=sql-server-linux-2017||=azuresqldb-mi-current||=fabric

ALTER AUTHORIZATION (Transact-SQL)

[!INCLUDE sql-asdb-asdbmi-asa-pdw-fabricse-fabricdw]

Changes the ownership of a securable.

:::image type="icon" source="../../includes/media/topic-link-icon.svg" border="false"::: Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

-- Syntax for SQL Server
ALTER AUTHORIZATION
    ON [ <class_type>:: ] entity_name
    TO { principal_name | SCHEMA OWNER }
    [;]

<class_type> ::=
     {
      OBJECT | ASSEMBLY | ASYMMETRIC KEY | AVAILABILITY GROUP | CERTIFICATE
    | CONTRACT | TYPE | DATABASE | ENDPOINT | FULLTEXT CATALOG
    | FULLTEXT STOPLIST | MESSAGE TYPE | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING
    | ROLE | ROUTE | SCHEMA | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST | SERVER ROLE
    | SERVICE | SYMMETRIC KEY | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION
     }

-- Syntax for SQL Database

ALTER AUTHORIZATION
    ON [ <class_type>:: ] entity_name
    TO { principal_name | SCHEMA OWNER }
    [;]

<class_type> ::=
     {
    OBJECT | ASSEMBLY | ASYMMETRIC KEY | CERTIFICATE
     | TYPE | DATABASE | FULLTEXT CATALOG
     | FULLTEXT STOPLIST
     | ROLE | SCHEMA | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST
     | SYMMETRIC KEY | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION
     }

-- Syntax for Azure Synapse Analytics and Microsoft Fabric

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON
     [ <class_type> :: ] <entity_name>
     TO { principal_name | SCHEMA OWNER }
    [;]

    <class_type> ::= {
    SCHEMA
     | OBJECT
    }

    <entity_name> ::=
    {
    schema_name
     | [ schema_name. ] object_name
    }

-- Syntax for Parallel Data Warehouse

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON
     [ <class_type> :: ] <entity_name>
     TO { principal_name | SCHEMA OWNER }
    [;]

<class_type> ::= {
    DATABASE
     | SCHEMA
     | OBJECT
    }

<entity_name> ::=
    {
    database_name
     | schema_name
     | [ schema_name. ] object_name
    }

Note

[!INCLUDEsynapse-analytics-od-unsupported-syntax]

[!INCLUDEsql-server-tsql-previous-offline-documentation]

Arguments

<class_type> Is the securable class of the entity for which the owner is being changed. OBJECT is the default.

Class Product
OBJECT Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb], [!INCLUDEssazuresynapse-md], [!INCLUDEssPDW].
ASSEMBLY Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
ASYMMETRIC KEY Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
AVAILABILITY GROUP Applies to: SQL Server 2012 and later.
CERTIFICATE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
CONTRACT Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
DATABASE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb]. For more information,see ALTER AUTHORIZATION for databases.
ENDPOINT Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
FULLTEXT CATALOG Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
FULLTEXT STOPLIST Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
MESSAGE TYPE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
REMOTE SERVICE BINDING Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
ROLE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
ROUTE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
SCHEMA Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb], [!INCLUDEssazuresynapse-md], [!INCLUDEssPDW].
SEARCH PROPERTY LIST Applies to: [!INCLUDEssSQL11] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
SERVER ROLE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
SERVICE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.
SYMMETRIC KEY Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
TYPE Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDE ssazure-sqldb].

entity_name Is the name of the entity.

principal_name | SCHEMA OWNER Name of the security principal that will own the entity. Database objects must be owned by a database principal; a database user or role. Server objects (such as databases) must be owned by a server principal (a login). Specify SCHEMA OWNER as the *principal_name- to indicate that the object should be owned by the principal that owns the schema of the object.

Remarks

ALTER AUTHORIZATION can be used to change the ownership of any entity that has an owner. Ownership of database-contained entities can be transferred to any database-level principal. Ownership of server-level entities can be transferred only to server-level principals.

Important

Beginning with [!INCLUDEssVersion2005], a user can own an OBJECT or TYPE that is contained by a schema owned by another database user. This is a change of behavior from earlier versions of [!INCLUDEssNoVersion]. For more information, see OBJECTPROPERTY (Transact-SQL) and TYPEPROPERTY (Transact-SQL).

Ownership of the following schema-contained entities of type "object" can be transferred: tables, views, functions, procedures, queues, and synonyms.

Ownership of the following entities cannot be transferred: linked servers, statistics, constraints, rules, defaults, triggers, [!INCLUDEssSB] queues, credentials, partition functions, partition schemes, database master keys, service master key, and event notifications.

Ownership of members of the following securable classes cannot be transferred: server, login, user, application role, and column.

The SCHEMA OWNER option is only valid when you are transferring ownership of a schema-contained entity. SCHEMA OWNER will transfer ownership of the entity to the owner of the schema in which it resides. Only entities of class OBJECT, TYPE, or XML SCHEMA COLLECTION are schema-contained.

If the target entity is not a database and the entity is being transferred to a new owner, all permissions on the target will be dropped.

Caution

In [!INCLUDEssVersion2005], the behavior of schemas changed from the behavior in earlier versions of [!INCLUDEssNoVersion]. Code that assumes that schemas are equivalent to database users may not return correct results. Old catalog views, including sysobjects, should not be used in a database in which any of the following DDL statements has ever been used: CREATE SCHEMA, ALTER SCHEMA, DROP SCHEMA, CREATE USER, ALTER USER, DROP USER, CREATE ROLE, ALTER ROLE, DROP ROLE, CREATE APPROLE, ALTER APPROLE, DROP APPROLE, ALTER AUTHORIZATION. In a database in which any of these statements has ever been used, you must use the new catalog views. The new catalog views take into account the separation of principals and schemas that was introduced in [!INCLUDEssVersion2005]. For more information about catalog views, see Catalog Views (Transact-SQL).

Also, note the following:

Important

The only reliable way to find the owner of an object is to query the sys.objects catalog view. The only reliable way to find the owner of a type is to use the TYPEPROPERTY function.

Special Cases and Conditions

The following table lists special cases, exceptions, and conditions that apply to altering authorization.

Class Condition
OBJECT Cannot change ownership of triggers, constraints, rules, defaults, statistics, system objects, queues, indexed views, or tables with indexed views.
SCHEMA When ownership is transferred, permissions on schema-contained objects that do not have explicit owners will be dropped. Cannot change the owner of sys, dbo, or information_schema.
TYPE Cannot change ownership of a TYPE that belongs to sys or information_schema.
CONTRACT, MESSAGE TYPE, or SERVICE Cannot change ownership of system entities.
SYMMETRIC KEY Cannot change ownership of global temporary keys.
CERTIFICATE or ASYMMETRIC KEY Cannot transfer ownership of these entities to a role or group.
ENDPOINT The principal must be a login.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION for databases

For SQL Server

Requirements for the new owner: The new owner principal must be one of the following:

  • A SQL Server authentication login.
  • A Windows authentication login representing a Windows user (not a group).
  • A Windows user that authenticates through a Windows authentication login representing a Windows group.

Requirements for the person executing the ALTER AUTHORIZATION statement: If you are not a member of the sysadmin fixed server role, you must have at least TAKE OWNERSHIP permission on the database, and must have IMPERSONATE permission on the new owner login.

For Azure SQL Database

Requirements for the new owner: The new owner principal must be one of the following:

  • A SQL Server authentication login.
  • A federated user (not a group) present in Azure AD.
  • A managed user (not a group) or an application present in Azure AD.

If the new owner is an Azure Active Directory user, it cannot exist as a user in the database where the new owner will become the new DBO. Such Azure AD user must be first removed from the database before executing the ALTER AUTHORIZATION statement changing the database ownership to the new user. For more information about configuring an Azure Active Directory users with SQL Database, see [Connecting to SQL Database or [!INCLUDEssazuresynapse-md] By Using Azure Active Directory Authentication](/azure/azure-sql/database/authentication-aad-configure).

Requirements for the person executing the ALTER AUTHORIZATION statement: You must connect to the target database to change the owner of that database.

The following types of accounts can change the owner of a database.

  • The service-level principal login. (The SQL Azure administrator provisioned when the SQL Database server was created.)
  • The Azure Active Directory administrator for the Azure SQL Server.
  • The current owner of the database.

The following table summarizes the requirements:

Executor Target Result
SQL Server Authentication login SQL Server Authentication login Success
SQL Server Authentication login Azure AD user Fail
Azure AD user SQL Server Authentication login Success
Azure AD user Azure AD user Success

To verify an Azure AD owner of the database execute the following Transact-SQL command in a user database (in this example testdb).

SELECT CAST(owner_sid as uniqueidentifier) AS Owner_SID
FROM sys.databases
WHERE name = 'testdb';

The output will be an identifier (such as 6D8B81F6-7C79-444C-8858-4AF896C03C67) which corresponds to Azure AD ObjectID assigned to [email protected] When a SQL Server authentication login user is the database owner, execute the following statement in the master database to verify the database owner:

SELECT d.name, d.owner_sid, sl.name
FROM sys.databases AS d
JOIN sys.sql_logins AS sl
ON d.owner_sid = sl.sid;

Best practice

Instead of using Azure AD users as individual owners of the database, use an Azure AD group as a member of the db_owner fixed database role. The following steps, show how to configure a disabled login as the database owner, and make an Azure Active Directory group (mydbogroup) a member of the db_owner role.

  1. Login to SQL Server as Azure AD admin, and change the owner of the database to a disabled SQL Server authentication login. For example, from the user database execute:

    ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON database::testdb TO DisabledLogin;

  2. Create an Azure AD group that should own the database and add it as a user to the user database. For example:

    CREATE USER [mydbogroup] FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER;

  3. In the user database add the user representing the Azure AD group, to the db_owner fixed database role. For example:

    ALTER ROLE db_owner ADD MEMBER mydbogroup;

Now the mydbogroup members can centrally manage the database as members of the db_owner role.

  • When members of this group are removed from the Azure AD group, they automatically lose the dbo permissions for this database.
  • Similarly if new members are added to mydbogroup Azure AD group, they automatically gain the dbo access for this database.

To check if a specific user has the effective dbo permission, have the user execute the following statement:

SELECT IS_MEMBER ('db_owner');

A return value of 1 indicates the user is a member of the role.

Permissions

Requires TAKE OWNERSHIP permission on the entity. If the new owner is not the user that is executing this statement, also requires either, 1) IMPERSONATE permission on the new owner if it is a user or login; or 2) if the new owner is a role, membership in the role, or ALTER permission on the role; or 3) if the new owner is an application role, ALTER permission on the application role.

Examples

A. Transfer ownership of a table

The following example transfers ownership of table Sprockets to user MichikoOsada. The table is located inside schema Parts.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON OBJECT::Parts.Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
GO

The query could also look like the following:

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Parts.Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
GO

If the objects schema is not included as part of the statement, the [!INCLUDEssDE] will look for the object in the users default schema. For example:

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON OBJECT::Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;

B. Transfer ownership of a view to the schema owner

The following example transfers ownership the view ProductionView06 to the owner of the schema that contains it. The view is located inside schema Production.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON OBJECT::Production.ProductionView06 TO SCHEMA OWNER;
GO

C. Transfer ownership of a schema to a user

The following example transfers ownership of the schema SeattleProduction11 to user SandraAlayo.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::SeattleProduction11 TO SandraAlayo;
GO

D. Transfer ownership of an endpoint to a SQL Server login

The following example transfers ownership of endpoint CantabSalesServer1 to JaePak. Because the endpoint is a server-level securable, the endpoint can only be transferred to a server-level principal.

Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON ENDPOINT::CantabSalesServer1 TO JaePak;
GO

E. Changing the owner of a table

Each of the following examples changes the owner of the Sprockets table in the Parts database to the database user MichikoOsada.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON dbo.Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON OBJECT::Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON OBJECT::dbo.Sprockets TO MichikoOsada;

F. Changing the owner of a database

Applies to: [!INCLUDEsql2008-md] and later, [!INCLUDEssPDW], [!INCLUDEssSDS_md].

The following example change the owner of the Parts database to the login MichikoOsada.

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON DATABASE::Parts TO MichikoOsada;

G. Changing the owner of a SQL Database to an Azure AD User

In the following example, an Azure Active Directory administrator for SQL Server in an organization with an active directory named cqclinic.onmicrosoft.com, can change the current ownership of a database targetDB and make an AAD user [email protected] the new database owner using the following command:

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON database::targetDB TO [rachel@cqclinic.onmicrosoft.com];

Azure AD requires brackets [] around the user name.

See Also

OBJECTPROPERTY (Transact-SQL) TYPEPROPERTY (Transact-SQL) EVENTDATA (Transact-SQL)