refguide_check.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
refguide_check.py [OPTIONS] [-- ARGS]

Check for a NumPy submodule whether the objects in its __all__ dict
correspond to the objects included in the reference guide.

Example of usage::

    $ python refguide_check.py optimize

Note that this is a helper script to be able to check if things are missing;
the output of this script does need to be checked manually.  In some cases
objects are left out of the refguide for a good reason (it's an alias of
another function, or deprecated, or ...)

Another use of this helper script is to check validity of code samples
in docstrings. This is different from doctesting [we do not aim to have
numpy docstrings doctestable!], this is just to make sure that code in
docstrings is valid python::

    $ python refguide_check.py --doctests optimize

"""
from __future__ import print_function

import sys
import os
import re
import copy
import inspect
import warnings
import doctest
import tempfile
import io
import docutils.core
from docutils.parsers.rst import directives
import shutil
import glob
from doctest import NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE, ELLIPSIS, IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
from argparse import ArgumentParser
from pkg_resources import parse_version

import sphinx
import numpy as np

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'doc', 'sphinxext'))
from numpydoc.docscrape_sphinx import get_doc_object

if parse_version(sphinx.__version__) >= parse_version('1.5'):
    # Enable specific Sphinx directives
    from sphinx.directives import SeeAlso, Only
    directives.register_directive('seealso', SeeAlso)
    directives.register_directive('only', Only)
else:
    # Remove sphinx directives that don't run without Sphinx environment.
    # Sphinx < 1.5 installs all directives on import...
    directives._directives.pop('versionadded', None)
    directives._directives.pop('versionchanged', None)
    directives._directives.pop('moduleauthor', None)
    directives._directives.pop('sectionauthor', None)
    directives._directives.pop('codeauthor', None)
    directives._directives.pop('toctree', None)


BASE_MODULE = "numpy"

PUBLIC_SUBMODULES = [
    'core',
    'doc.structured_arrays',
    'f2py',
    'linalg',
    'lib',
    'lib.recfunctions',
    'fft',
    'ma',
    'polynomial',
    'matrixlib',
    'random',
    'testing',
]

# Docs for these modules are included in the parent module
OTHER_MODULE_DOCS = {
    'fftpack.convolve': 'fftpack',
    'io.wavfile': 'io',
    'io.arff': 'io',
}

# these names are known to fail doctesting and we like to keep it that way
# e.g. sometimes pseudocode is acceptable etc
DOCTEST_SKIPLIST = set([
    # cases where NumPy docstrings import things from SciPy:
    'numpy.lib.vectorize',
    'numpy.random.standard_gamma',
    'numpy.random.gamma',
    'numpy.random.vonmises',
    'numpy.random.power',
    'numpy.random.zipf',
    # remote / local file IO with DataSource is problematic in doctest:
    'numpy.lib.DataSource',
    'numpy.lib.Repository',
])

# these names are not required to be present in ALL despite being in
# autosummary:: listing
REFGUIDE_ALL_SKIPLIST = [
    r'scipy\.sparse\.linalg',
    r'scipy\.spatial\.distance',
    r'scipy\.linalg\.blas\.[sdczi].*',
    r'scipy\.linalg\.lapack\.[sdczi].*',
]

# these names are not required to be in an autosummary:: listing
# despite being in ALL
REFGUIDE_AUTOSUMMARY_SKIPLIST = [
    # NOTE: should NumPy have a better match between autosummary
    # listings and __all__? For now, TR isn't convinced this is a
    # priority -- focus on just getting docstrings executed / correct
    r'numpy\.*',
]
# deprecated windows in scipy.signal namespace
for name in ('barthann', 'bartlett', 'blackmanharris', 'blackman', 'bohman',
             'boxcar', 'chebwin', 'cosine', 'exponential', 'flattop',
             'gaussian', 'general_gaussian', 'hamming', 'hann', 'hanning',
             'kaiser', 'nuttall', 'parzen', 'slepian', 'triang', 'tukey'):
    REFGUIDE_AUTOSUMMARY_SKIPLIST.append(r'scipy\.signal\.' + name)

HAVE_MATPLOTLIB = False


def short_path(path, cwd=None):
    """
    Return relative or absolute path name, whichever is shortest.
    """
    if not isinstance(path, str):
        return path
    if cwd is None:
        cwd = os.getcwd()
    abspath = os.path.abspath(path)
    relpath = os.path.relpath(path, cwd)
    if len(abspath) <= len(relpath):
        return abspath
    return relpath


def find_names(module, names_dict):
    # Refguide entries:
    #
    # - 3 spaces followed by function name, and maybe some spaces, some
    #   dashes, and an explanation; only function names listed in
    #   refguide are formatted like this (mostly, there may be some false
    #   positives)
    #
    # - special directives, such as data and function
    #
    # - (scipy.constants only): quoted list
    #
    patterns = [
        r"^\s\s\s([a-z_0-9A-Z]+)(\s+-+.*)?$",
        r"^\.\. (?:data|function)::\s*([a-z_0-9A-Z]+)\s*$"
    ]

    if module.__name__ == 'scipy.constants':
        patterns += ["^``([a-z_0-9A-Z]+)``"]

    patterns = [re.compile(pattern) for pattern in patterns]
    module_name = module.__name__

    for line in module.__doc__.splitlines():
        res = re.search(r"^\s*\.\. (?:currentmodule|module):: ([a-z0-9A-Z_.]+)\s*$", line)
        if res:
            module_name = res.group(1)
            continue

        for pattern in patterns:
            res = re.match(pattern, line)
            if res is not None:
                name = res.group(1)
                entry = '.'.join([module_name, name])
                names_dict.setdefault(module_name, set()).add(name)
                break


def get_all_dict(module):
    """Return a copy of the __all__ dict with irrelevant items removed."""
    if hasattr(module, "__all__"):
        all_dict = copy.deepcopy(module.__all__)
    else:
        all_dict = copy.deepcopy(dir(module))
        all_dict = [name for name in all_dict
                    if not name.startswith("_")]
    for name in ['absolute_import', 'division', 'print_function']:
        try:
            all_dict.remove(name)
        except ValueError:
            pass
    if not all_dict:
        # Must be a pure documentation module like doc.structured_arrays
        all_dict.append('__doc__')

    # Modules are almost always private; real submodules need a separate
    # run of refguide_check.
    all_dict = [name for name in all_dict
                if not inspect.ismodule(getattr(module, name, None))]

    deprecated = []
    not_deprecated = []
    for name in all_dict:
        f = getattr(module, name, None)
        if callable(f) and is_deprecated(f):
            deprecated.append(name)
        else:
            not_deprecated.append(name)

    others = set(dir(module)).difference(set(deprecated)).difference(set(not_deprecated))

    return not_deprecated, deprecated, others


def compare(all_dict, others, names, module_name):
    """Return sets of objects only in __all__, refguide, or completely missing."""
    only_all = set()
    for name in all_dict:
        if name not in names:
            for pat in REFGUIDE_AUTOSUMMARY_SKIPLIST:
                if re.match(pat, module_name + '.' + name):
                    break
            else:
                only_all.add(name)

    only_ref = set()
    missing = set()
    for name in names:
        if name not in all_dict:
            for pat in REFGUIDE_ALL_SKIPLIST:
                if re.match(pat, module_name + '.' + name):
                    if name not in others:
                        missing.add(name)
                    break
            else:
                only_ref.add(name)

    return only_all, only_ref, missing

def is_deprecated(f):
    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
        warnings.simplefilter("error")
        try:
            f(**{"not a kwarg":None})
        except DeprecationWarning:
            return True
        except Exception:
            pass
        return False

def check_items(all_dict, names, deprecated, others, module_name, dots=True):
    num_all = len(all_dict)
    num_ref = len(names)

    output = ""

    output += "Non-deprecated objects in __all__: %i\n" % num_all
    output += "Objects in refguide: %i\n\n" % num_ref

    only_all, only_ref, missing = compare(all_dict, others, names, module_name)
    dep_in_ref = set(only_ref).intersection(deprecated)
    only_ref = set(only_ref).difference(deprecated)

    if len(dep_in_ref) > 0:
        output += "Deprecated objects in refguide::\n\n"
        for name in sorted(deprecated):
            output += "    " + name + "\n"

    if len(only_all) == len(only_ref) == len(missing) == 0:
        if dots:
            output_dot('.')
        return [(None, True, output)]
    else:
        if len(only_all) > 0:
            output += "ERROR: objects in %s.__all__ but not in refguide::\n\n" % module_name
            for name in sorted(only_all):
                output += "    " + name + "\n"

            output += "\nThis issue can be fixed by adding these objects to\n"
            output += "the function listing in __init__.py for this module\n"

        if len(only_ref) > 0:
            output += "ERROR: objects in refguide but not in %s.__all__::\n\n" % module_name
            for name in sorted(only_ref):
                output += "    " + name + "\n"

            output += "\nThis issue should likely be fixed by removing these objects\n"
            output += "from the function listing in __init__.py for this module\n"
            output += "or adding them to __all__.\n"

        if len(missing) > 0:
            output += "ERROR: missing objects::\n\n"
            for name in sorted(missing):
                output += "    " + name + "\n"

        if dots:
            output_dot('F')
        return [(None, False, output)]


def validate_rst_syntax(text, name, dots=True):
    if text is None:
        if dots:
            output_dot('E')
        return False, "ERROR: %s: no documentation" % (name,)

    ok_unknown_items = set([
        'mod', 'currentmodule', 'autosummary', 'data', 'attr',
        'obj', 'versionadded', 'versionchanged', 'module', 'class',
        'ref', 'func', 'toctree', 'moduleauthor', 'term', 'c:member',
        'sectionauthor', 'codeauthor', 'eq', 'doi', 'DOI', 'arXiv', 'arxiv'
    ])

    # Run through docutils
    error_stream = io.StringIO()

    def resolve(name, is_label=False):
        return ("http://foo", name)

    token = '<RST-VALIDATE-SYNTAX-CHECK>'

    docutils.core.publish_doctree(
        text, token,
        settings_overrides = dict(halt_level=5,
                                  traceback=True,
                                  default_reference_context='title-reference',
                                  default_role='emphasis',
                                  link_base='',
                                  resolve_name=resolve,
                                  stylesheet_path='',
                                  raw_enabled=0,
                                  file_insertion_enabled=0,
                                  warning_stream=error_stream))

    # Print errors, disregarding unimportant ones
    error_msg = error_stream.getvalue()
    errors = error_msg.split(token)
    success = True
    output = ""

    for error in errors:
        lines = error.splitlines()
        if not lines:
            continue

        m = re.match(r'.*Unknown (?:interpreted text role|directive type) "(.*)".*$', lines[0])
        if m:
            if m.group(1) in ok_unknown_items:
                continue

        m = re.match(r'.*Error in "math" directive:.*unknown option: "label"', " ".join(lines), re.S)
        if m:
            continue

        output += name + lines[0] + "::\n    " + "\n    ".join(lines[1:]).rstrip() + "\n"
        success = False

    if not success:
        output += "    " + "-"*72 + "\n"
        for lineno, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
            output += "    %-4d    %s\n" % (lineno+1, line)
        output += "    " + "-"*72 + "\n\n"

    if dots:
        output_dot('.' if success else 'F')
    return success, output


def output_dot(msg='.', stream=sys.stderr):
    stream.write(msg)
    stream.flush()


def check_rest(module, names, dots=True):
    """
    Check reStructuredText formatting of docstrings

    Returns: [(name, success_flag, output), ...]
    """

    try:
        skip_types = (dict, str, unicode, float, int)
    except NameError:
        # python 3
        skip_types = (dict, str, float, int)


    results = []

    if module.__name__[6:] not in OTHER_MODULE_DOCS:
        results += [(module.__name__,) +
                    validate_rst_syntax(inspect.getdoc(module),
                                        module.__name__, dots=dots)]

    for name in names:
        full_name = module.__name__ + '.' + name
        obj = getattr(module, name, None)

        if obj is None:
            results.append((full_name, False, "%s has no docstring" % (full_name,)))
            continue
        elif isinstance(obj, skip_types):
            continue

        if inspect.ismodule(obj):
            text = inspect.getdoc(obj)
        else:
            try:
                text = str(get_doc_object(obj))
            except Exception:
                import traceback
                results.append((full_name, False,
                                "Error in docstring format!\n" +
                                traceback.format_exc()))
                continue

        m = re.search("([\x00-\x09\x0b-\x1f])", text)
        if m:
            msg = ("Docstring contains a non-printable character %r! "
                   "Maybe forgot r\"\"\"?" % (m.group(1),))
            results.append((full_name, False, msg))
            continue

        try:
            src_file = short_path(inspect.getsourcefile(obj))
        except TypeError:
            src_file = None

        if src_file:
            file_full_name = src_file + ':' + full_name
        else:
            file_full_name = full_name

        results.append((full_name,) + validate_rst_syntax(text, file_full_name, dots=dots))

    return results


### Doctest helpers ####

# the namespace to run examples in
DEFAULT_NAMESPACE = {'np': np}

# the namespace to do checks in
CHECK_NAMESPACE = {
      'np': np,
      'assert_allclose': np.testing.assert_allclose,
      'assert_equal': np.testing.assert_equal,
      # recognize numpy repr's
      'array': np.array,
      'matrix': np.matrix,
      'int64': np.int64,
      'uint64': np.uint64,
      'int8': np.int8,
      'int32': np.int32,
      'float32': np.float32,
      'float64': np.float64,
      'dtype': np.dtype,
      'nan': np.nan,
      'NaN': np.nan,
      'inf': np.inf,
      'Inf': np.inf,}


class DTRunner(doctest.DocTestRunner):
    DIVIDER = "\n"

    def __init__(self, item_name, checker=None, verbose=None, optionflags=0):
        self._item_name = item_name
        doctest.DocTestRunner.__init__(self, checker=checker, verbose=verbose,
                                       optionflags=optionflags)

    def _report_item_name(self, out, new_line=False):
        if self._item_name is not None:
            if new_line:
                out("\n")
            self._item_name = None

    def report_start(self, out, test, example):
        self._checker._source = example.source
        return doctest.DocTestRunner.report_start(self, out, test, example)

    def report_success(self, out, test, example, got):
        if self._verbose:
            self._report_item_name(out, new_line=True)
        return doctest.DocTestRunner.report_success(self, out, test, example, got)

    def report_unexpected_exception(self, out, test, example, exc_info):
        self._report_item_name(out)
        return doctest.DocTestRunner.report_unexpected_exception(
            self, out, test, example, exc_info)

    def report_failure(self, out, test, example, got):
        self._report_item_name(out)
        return doctest.DocTestRunner.report_failure(self, out, test,
                                                    example, got)

class Checker(doctest.OutputChecker):
    obj_pattern = re.compile('at 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+>')
    int_pattern = re.compile('^[0-9]+L?$')
    vanilla = doctest.OutputChecker()
    rndm_markers = {'# random', '# Random', '#random', '#Random', "# may vary",
                    "# uninitialized", "#uninitialized"}
    stopwords = {'plt.', '.hist', '.show', '.ylim', '.subplot(',
                 'set_title', 'imshow', 'plt.show', '.axis(', '.plot(',
                 '.bar(', '.title', '.ylabel', '.xlabel', 'set_ylim', 'set_xlim',
                 '# reformatted', '.set_xlabel(', '.set_ylabel(', '.set_zlabel(',
                 '.set(xlim=', '.set(ylim=', '.set(xlabel=', '.set(ylabel='}

    def __init__(self, parse_namedtuples=True, ns=None, atol=1e-8, rtol=1e-2):
        self.parse_namedtuples = parse_namedtuples
        self.atol, self.rtol = atol, rtol
        if ns is None:
            self.ns = dict(CHECK_NAMESPACE)
        else:
            self.ns = ns

    def check_output(self, want, got, optionflags):
        # cut it short if they are equal
        if want == got:
            return True

        # skip stopwords in source
        if any(word in self._source for word in self.stopwords):
            return True

        # skip random stuff
        if any(word in want for word in self.rndm_markers):
            return True

        # skip function/object addresses
        if self.obj_pattern.search(got):
            return True

        # ignore comments (e.g. signal.freqresp)
        if want.lstrip().startswith("#"):
            return True

        # python 2 long integers are equal to python 3 integers
        if self.int_pattern.match(want) and self.int_pattern.match(got):
            if want.rstrip("L\r\n") == got.rstrip("L\r\n"):
                return True

        # try the standard doctest
        try:
            if self.vanilla.check_output(want, got, optionflags):
                return True
        except Exception:
            pass

        # OK then, convert strings to objects
        try:
            a_want = eval(want, dict(self.ns))
            a_got = eval(got, dict(self.ns))
        except Exception:
            # Maybe we're printing a numpy array? This produces invalid python
            # code: `print(np.arange(3))` produces "[0 1 2]" w/o commas between
            # values. So, reinsert commas and retry.
            # TODO: handle (1) abberivation (`print(np.arange(10000))`), and
            #              (2) n-dim arrays with n > 1
            s_want = want.strip()
            s_got = got.strip()
            cond = (s_want.startswith("[") and s_want.endswith("]") and
                    s_got.startswith("[") and s_got.endswith("]"))
            if cond:
                s_want = ", ".join(s_want[1:-1].split())
                s_got = ", ".join(s_got[1:-1].split())
                return self.check_output(s_want, s_got, optionflags)

            if not self.parse_namedtuples:
                return False
            # suppose that "want"  is a tuple, and "got" is smth like
            # MoodResult(statistic=10, pvalue=0.1).
            # Then convert the latter to the tuple (10, 0.1),
            # and then compare the tuples.
            try:
                num = len(a_want)
                regex = ('[\w\d_]+\(' +
                         ', '.join(['[\w\d_]+=(.+)']*num) +
                         '\)')
                grp = re.findall(regex, got.replace('\n', ' '))
                if len(grp) > 1:  # no more than one for now
                    return False
                # fold it back to a tuple
                got_again = '(' + ', '.join(grp[0]) + ')'
                return self.check_output(want, got_again, optionflags)
            except Exception:
                return False

        # ... and defer to numpy
        try:
            return self._do_check(a_want, a_got)
        except Exception:
            # heterog tuple, eg (1, np.array([1., 2.]))
           try:
                return all(self._do_check(w, g) for w, g in zip(a_want, a_got))
           except (TypeError, ValueError):
                return False

    def _do_check(self, want, got):
        # This should be done exactly as written to correctly handle all of
        # numpy-comparable objects, strings, and heterogeneous tuples
        try:
            if want == got:
                return True
        except Exception:
            pass
        return np.allclose(want, got, atol=self.atol, rtol=self.rtol)


def _run_doctests(tests, full_name, verbose, doctest_warnings):
    """Run modified doctests for the set of `tests`.

    Returns: list of [(success_flag, output), ...]
    """
    flags = NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE | ELLIPSIS | IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
    runner = DTRunner(full_name, checker=Checker(), optionflags=flags,
                      verbose=verbose)

    output = []
    success = True
    def out(msg):
        output.append(msg)

    class MyStderr(object):
        """Redirect stderr to the current stdout"""
        def write(self, msg):
            if doctest_warnings:
                sys.stdout.write(msg)
            else:
                out(msg)

        # a flush method is required when a doctest uses multiprocessing
        # multiprocessing/popen_fork.py flushes sys.stderr
        def flush(self):
            if doctest_warnings:
                sys.stdout.flush()

    # Run tests, trying to restore global state afterward
    old_printoptions = np.get_printoptions()
    old_errstate = np.seterr()
    old_stderr = sys.stderr
    cwd = os.getcwd()
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    sys.stderr = MyStderr()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)

        # try to ensure random seed is NOT reproducible
        np.random.seed(None)

        for t in tests:
            t.filename = short_path(t.filename, cwd)
            fails, successes = runner.run(t, out=out)
            if fails > 0:
                success = False
    finally:
        sys.stderr = old_stderr
        os.chdir(cwd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
        np.set_printoptions(**old_printoptions)
        np.seterr(**old_errstate)

    return success, output


def check_doctests(module, verbose, ns=None,
                   dots=True, doctest_warnings=False):
    """Check code in docstrings of the module's public symbols.

    Returns: list of [(item_name, success_flag, output), ...]
    """
    if ns is None:
        ns = dict(DEFAULT_NAMESPACE)

    # Loop over non-deprecated items
    results = []

    for name in get_all_dict(module)[0]:
        full_name = module.__name__ + '.' + name

        if full_name in DOCTEST_SKIPLIST:
            continue

        try:
            obj = getattr(module, name)
        except AttributeError:
            import traceback
            results.append((full_name, False,
                            "Missing item!\n" +
                            traceback.format_exc()))
            continue

        finder = doctest.DocTestFinder()
        try:
            tests = finder.find(obj, name, globs=dict(ns))
        except Exception:
            import traceback
            results.append((full_name, False,
                            "Failed to get doctests!\n" +
                            traceback.format_exc()))
            continue

        success, output = _run_doctests(tests, full_name, verbose,
                                        doctest_warnings)

        if dots:
            output_dot('.' if success else 'F')

        results.append((full_name, success, "".join(output)))

        if HAVE_MATPLOTLIB:
            import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
            plt.close('all')

    return results


def check_doctests_testfile(fname, verbose, ns=None,
                   dots=True, doctest_warnings=False):
    """Check code in a text file.

    Mimic `check_doctests` above, differing mostly in test discovery.
    (which is borrowed from stdlib's doctest.testfile here,
     https://github.com/python-git/python/blob/master/Lib/doctest.py)

    Returns: list of [(item_name, success_flag, output), ...]

    Notes
    -----

    We also try to weed out pseudocode:
    * We maintain a list of exceptions which signal pseudocode,
    * We split the text file into "blocks" of code separated by empty lines
      and/or intervening text.
    * If a block contains a marker, the whole block is then assumed to be
      pseudocode. It is then not being doctested.

    The rationale is that typically, the text looks like this:

    blah
    <BLANKLINE>
    >>> from numpy import some_module   # pseudocode!
    >>> func = some_module.some_function
    >>> func(42)                  # still pseudocode
    146
    <BLANKLINE>
    blah
    <BLANKLINE>
    >>> 2 + 3        # real code, doctest it
    5

    """
    results = []

    if ns is None:
        ns = dict(DEFAULT_NAMESPACE)

    _, short_name = os.path.split(fname)
    if short_name in DOCTEST_SKIPLIST:
        return results

    full_name = fname
    if sys.version_info.major <= 2:
        with open(fname) as f:
            text = f.read()
    else:
        with open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
            text = f.read()

    PSEUDOCODE = set(['some_function', 'some_module', 'import example',
                      'ctypes.CDLL',     # likely need compiling, skip it
                      'integrate.nquad(func,'  # ctypes integrate tutotial
    ])

    # split the text into "blocks" and try to detect and omit pseudocode blocks.
    parser = doctest.DocTestParser()
    good_parts = []
    for part in text.split('\n\n'):
        tests = parser.get_doctest(part, ns, fname, fname, 0)
        if any(word in ex.source for word in PSEUDOCODE
                                 for ex in tests.examples):
            # omit it
            pass
        else:
            # `part` looks like a good code, let's doctest it
            good_parts += [part]

    # Reassemble the good bits and doctest them:
    good_text = '\n\n'.join(good_parts)
    tests = parser.get_doctest(good_text, ns, fname, fname, 0)
    success, output = _run_doctests([tests], full_name, verbose,
                                    doctest_warnings)

    if dots:
        output_dot('.' if success else 'F')

    results.append((full_name, success, "".join(output)))

    if HAVE_MATPLOTLIB:
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        plt.close('all')

    return results


def init_matplotlib():
    global HAVE_MATPLOTLIB

    try:
        import matplotlib
        matplotlib.use('Agg')
        HAVE_MATPLOTLIB = True
    except ImportError:
        HAVE_MATPLOTLIB = False


def main(argv):
    parser = ArgumentParser(usage=__doc__.lstrip())
    parser.add_argument("module_names", metavar="SUBMODULES", default=[],
                        nargs='*', help="Submodules to check (default: all public)")
    parser.add_argument("--doctests", action="store_true", help="Run also doctests")
    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="count", default=0)
    parser.add_argument("--doctest-warnings", action="store_true",
                        help="Enforce warning checking for doctests")
    parser.add_argument("--skip-tutorial", action="store_true",
                        help="Skip running doctests in the tutorial.")
    args = parser.parse_args(argv)

    modules = []
    names_dict = {}

    if args.module_names:
        args.skip_tutorial = True
    else:
        args.module_names = list(PUBLIC_SUBMODULES)

    os.environ['SCIPY_PIL_IMAGE_VIEWER'] = 'true'

    module_names = list(args.module_names)
    for name in list(module_names):
        if name in OTHER_MODULE_DOCS:
            name = OTHER_MODULE_DOCS[name]
            if name not in module_names:
                module_names.append(name)

    for submodule_name in module_names:
        module_name = BASE_MODULE + '.' + submodule_name
        __import__(module_name)
        module = sys.modules[module_name]

        if submodule_name not in OTHER_MODULE_DOCS:
            find_names(module, names_dict)

        if submodule_name in args.module_names:
            modules.append(module)

    dots = True
    success = True
    results = []

    print("Running checks for %d modules:" % (len(modules),))

    if args.doctests or not args.skip_tutorial:
        init_matplotlib()

    for module in modules:
        if dots:
            if module is not modules[0]:
                sys.stderr.write(' ')
            sys.stderr.write(module.__name__ + ' ')
            sys.stderr.flush()

        all_dict, deprecated, others = get_all_dict(module)
        names = names_dict.get(module.__name__, set())

        mod_results = []
        mod_results += check_items(all_dict, names, deprecated, others, module.__name__)
        mod_results += check_rest(module, set(names).difference(deprecated),
                                  dots=dots)
        if args.doctests:
            mod_results += check_doctests(module, (args.verbose >= 2), dots=dots,
                                          doctest_warnings=args.doctest_warnings)

        for v in mod_results:
            assert isinstance(v, tuple), v

        results.append((module, mod_results))

    if dots:
        sys.stderr.write("\n")
        sys.stderr.flush()

    if not args.skip_tutorial:
        base_dir = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), '..')
        tut_path = os.path.join(base_dir, 'doc', 'source', 'tutorial', '*.rst')
        print('\nChecking tutorial files at %s:' % os.path.relpath(tut_path, os.getcwd()))
        for filename in sorted(glob.glob(tut_path)):
            if dots:
                sys.stderr.write('\n')
                sys.stderr.write(os.path.split(filename)[1] + ' ')
                sys.stderr.flush()

            tut_results = check_doctests_testfile(filename, (args.verbose >= 2),
                    dots=dots, doctest_warnings=args.doctest_warnings)

            def scratch(): pass        # stub out a "module", see below
            scratch.__name__ = filename
            results.append((scratch, tut_results))

        if dots:
            sys.stderr.write("\n")
            sys.stderr.flush()

    # Report results
    all_success = True

    for module, mod_results in results:
        success = all(x[1] for x in mod_results)
        all_success = all_success and success

        if success and args.verbose == 0:
            continue

        print("")
        print("=" * len(module.__name__))
        print(module.__name__)
        print("=" * len(module.__name__))
        print("")

        for name, success, output in mod_results:
            if name is None:
                if not success or args.verbose >= 1:
                    print(output.strip())
                    print("")
            elif not success or (args.verbose >= 2 and output.strip()):
                print(name)
                print("-"*len(name))
                print("")
                print(output.strip())
                print("")

    if all_success:
        print("\nOK: refguide and doctests checks passed!")
        sys.exit(0)
    else:
        print("\nERROR: refguide or doctests have errors")
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(argv=sys.argv[1:])