test_main.py

import sys
from collections import defaultdict
from copy import deepcopy
from enum import Enum
from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    ClassVar,
    Counter,
    DefaultDict,
    Dict,
    List,
    Mapping,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Type,
    TypeVar,
    get_type_hints,
)
from uuid import UUID, uuid4

import pytest
from typing_extensions import Final, Literal

from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Extra, Field, PrivateAttr, SecretStr, ValidationError, constr


def test_success():
    # same as below but defined here so class definition occurs inside the test
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: float
        b: int = 10

    m = Model(a=10.2)
    assert m.a == 10.2
    assert m.b == 10


class UltraSimpleModel(BaseModel):
    a: float
    b: int = 10


def test_ultra_simple_missing():
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        UltraSimpleModel()
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [{'loc': ('a',), 'msg': 'Field required', 'type': 'missing', 'input': {}}]
    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
        '1 validation error for UltraSimpleModel\n'
        'a\n'
        '  Field required [type=missing, input_value={}, input_type=dict]'
    )


def test_ultra_simple_failed():
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        UltraSimpleModel(a='x', b='x')
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'float_parsing',
            'loc': ('a',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid number, unable to parse string as an number',
            'input': 'x',
        },
        {
            'type': 'int_parsing',
            'loc': ('b',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer',
            'input': 'x',
        },
    ]


def test_ultra_simple_repr():
    m = UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2)
    assert str(m) == 'a=10.2 b=10'
    assert repr(m) == 'UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2, b=10)'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['a']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=float, required=True)'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['b']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=int, required=False, default=10)'
    assert dict(m) == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 10}
    assert m.model_dump() == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 10}
    assert m.model_dump_json() == b'{"a":10.2,"b":10}'
    assert str(m) == 'a=10.2 b=10'


def test_default_factory_field():
    def myfunc():
        return 1

    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: int = Field(default_factory=myfunc)

    m = Model()
    assert str(m) == 'a=1'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['a']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=int, required=False, default_factory=myfunc)'
    assert dict(m) == {'a': 1}
    assert m.model_dump_json() == b'{"a":1}'


def test_comparing():
    m = UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2, b='100')
    assert m == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 100}
    assert m == UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2, b=100)


@pytest.fixture(scope='session', name='NoneCheckModel')
def none_check_model_fix():
    class NoneCheckModel(BaseModel):
        existing_str_value: str = 'foo'
        required_str_value: str = ...
        required_str_none_value: Optional[str] = ...
        existing_bytes_value: bytes = b'foo'
        required_bytes_value: bytes = ...
        required_bytes_none_value: Optional[bytes] = ...

    return NoneCheckModel


def test_nullable_strings_success(NoneCheckModel):
    m = NoneCheckModel(
        required_str_value='v1', required_str_none_value=None, required_bytes_value='v2', required_bytes_none_value=None
    )
    assert m.required_str_value == 'v1'
    assert m.required_str_none_value is None
    assert m.required_bytes_value == b'v2'
    assert m.required_bytes_none_value is None


def test_nullable_strings_fails(NoneCheckModel):
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        NoneCheckModel(
            required_str_value=None,
            required_str_none_value=None,
            required_bytes_value=None,
            required_bytes_none_value=None,
        )
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'string_type',
            'loc': ('required_str_value',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid string',
            'input': None,
        },
        {
            'type': 'bytes_type',
            'loc': ('required_bytes_value',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid bytes',
            'input': None,
        },
    ]


@pytest.fixture(name='ParentModel', scope='session')
def parent_sub_model_fixture():
    class ParentModel(BaseModel):
        grape: bool
        banana: UltraSimpleModel

    return ParentModel


def test_parent_sub_model(ParentModel):
    m = ParentModel(grape=1, banana={'a': 1})
    assert m.grape is True
    assert m.banana.a == 1.0
    assert m.banana.b == 10
    assert repr(m) == 'ParentModel(grape=True, banana=UltraSimpleModel(a=1.0, b=10))'


def test_parent_sub_model_fails(ParentModel):
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
        ParentModel(grape=1, banana=123)


def test_not_required():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: float = None

    assert Model(a=12.2).a == 12.2
    assert Model().a is None
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        Model(a=None)
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'float_type',
            'loc': ('a',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid number',
            'input': None,
        },
    ]


def test_allow_extra():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.allow)
        a: float = ...

    assert Model(a='10.2', b=12).model_dump() == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 12}


def test_allow_extra_repr():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.allow)
        a: float = ...

    assert str(Model(a='10.2', b=12)) == 'a=10.2 b=12'


def test_forbidden_extra_success():
    class ForbiddenExtra(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.forbid)
        foo: str = 'whatever'

    m = ForbiddenExtra()
    assert m.foo == 'whatever'


def test_forbidden_extra_fails():
    class ForbiddenExtra(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.forbid)
        foo: str = 'whatever'

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        ForbiddenExtra(foo='ok', bar='wrong', spam='xx')
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'extra_forbidden',
            'loc': ('bar',),
            'msg': 'Extra inputs are not permitted',
            'input': 'wrong',
        },
        {
            'type': 'extra_forbidden',
            'loc': ('spam',),
            'msg': 'Extra inputs are not permitted',
            'input': 'xx',
        },
    ]


def test_assign_extra_no_validate():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_assignment=True)
        a: float

    model = Model(a=0.2)
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match='Extra inputs are not permitted'):
        model.b = 2


def test_assign_extra_validate():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_assignment=True)
        a: float

    model = Model(a=0.2)
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match='Extra inputs are not permitted'):
        model.b = 2


def test_extra_allowed():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.allow)
        a: float

    model = Model(a=0.2, b=0.1)
    assert model.b == 0.1

    assert not hasattr(model, 'c')
    model.c = 1
    assert hasattr(model, 'c')
    assert model.c == 1


def test_extra_ignored():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.ignore)
        a: float

    model = Model(a=0.2, b=0.1)
    assert not hasattr(model, 'b')

    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='"Model" object has no field "c"'):
        model.c = 1


def test_set_attr():
    m = UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2)
    assert m.model_dump() == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 10}

    m.b = 20
    assert m.model_dump() == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 20}


def test_set_attr_invalid():
    class UltraSimpleModel(BaseModel):
        a: float = ...
        b: int = 10

    m = UltraSimpleModel(a=10.2)
    assert m.model_dump() == {'a': 10.2, 'b': 10}

    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
        m.c = 20
    assert '"UltraSimpleModel" object has no field "c"' in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_any():
    class AnyModel(BaseModel):
        a: Any = 10
        b: object = 20

    m = AnyModel()
    assert m.a == 10
    assert m.b == 20

    m = AnyModel(a='foobar', b='barfoo')
    assert m.a == 'foobar'
    assert m.b == 'barfoo'


def test_population_by_field_name():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(populate_by_name=True)
        a: str = Field(alias='_a')

    assert Model(a='different').a == 'different'
    assert Model(a='different').model_dump() == {'a': 'different'}
    assert Model(a='different').model_dump(by_alias=True) == {'_a': 'different'}


def test_field_order():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        c: float
        b: int = 10
        a: str
        d: dict = {}

    assert list(Model.model_fields.keys()) == ['c', 'b', 'a', 'd']


def test_required():
    # same as below but defined here so class definition occurs inside the test
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: float
        b: int = 10

    m = Model(a=10.2)
    assert m.model_dump() == dict(a=10.2, b=10)

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        Model()
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [{'type': 'missing', 'loc': ('a',), 'msg': 'Field required', 'input': {}}]


def test_mutability():
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        a: int = 10

        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.forbid, frozen=False)

    m = TestModel()

    assert m.a == 10
    m.a = 11
    assert m.a == 11


def test_frozen_model():
    class FrozenModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.forbid, frozen=True)

        a: int = 10

    m = FrozenModel()

    assert m.a == 10
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
        m.a = 11
    assert '"FrozenModel" is frozen and does not support item assignment' in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_not_frozen_are_not_hashable():
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        a: int = 10

    m = TestModel()
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
        hash(m)
    assert "unhashable type: 'TestModel'" in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_with_declared_hash():
    class Foo(BaseModel):
        x: int

        def __hash__(self):
            return self.x**2

    class Bar(Foo):
        y: int

        def __hash__(self):
            return self.y**3

    class Buz(Bar):
        z: int

    assert hash(Foo(x=2)) == 4
    assert hash(Bar(x=2, y=3)) == 27
    assert hash(Buz(x=2, y=3, z=4)) == 27


def test_frozen_with_hashable_fields_are_hashable():
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True)
        a: int = 10

    m = TestModel()
    assert m.__hash__ is not None
    assert isinstance(hash(m), int)


def test_frozen_with_unhashable_fields_are_not_hashable():
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True)
        a: int = 10
        y: List[int] = [1, 2, 3]

    m = TestModel()
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc_info:
        hash(m)
    assert "unhashable type: 'list'" in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_hash_function_give_different_result_for_different_object():
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True)

        a: int = 10

    m = TestModel()
    m2 = TestModel()
    m3 = TestModel(a=11)
    assert hash(m) == hash(m2)
    assert hash(m) != hash(m3)

    # Redefined `TestModel`
    class TestModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(frozen=True)
        a: int = 10

    m4 = TestModel()
    assert hash(m) != hash(m4)


@pytest.fixture(name='ValidateAssignmentModel', scope='session')
def validate_assignment_fixture():
    class ValidateAssignmentModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_assignment=True)
        a: int = 2
        b: constr(min_length=1)

    return ValidateAssignmentModel


def test_validating_assignment_pass(ValidateAssignmentModel):
    p = ValidateAssignmentModel(a=5, b='hello')
    p.a = 2
    assert p.a == 2
    assert p.model_dump() == {'a': 2, 'b': 'hello'}
    p.b = 'hi'
    assert p.b == 'hi'
    assert p.model_dump() == {'a': 2, 'b': 'hi'}


def test_validating_assignment_fail(ValidateAssignmentModel):
    p = ValidateAssignmentModel(a=5, b='hello')

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        p.a = 'b'
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'int_parsing',
            'loc': ('a',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer',
            'input': 'b',
        },
    ]

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        p.b = ''
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'string_too_short',
            'loc': ('b',),
            'msg': 'String should have at least 1 characters',
            'input': '',
            'ctx': {'min_length': 1},
        }
    ]


def test_enum_values():
    FooEnum = Enum('FooEnum', {'foo': 'foo', 'bar': 'bar'})

    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)
        foo: FooEnum

    m = Model(foo='foo')
    # this is the actual value, so has not "values" field
    assert m.foo == FooEnum.foo
    assert isinstance(m.foo, FooEnum)


def test_literal_enum_values():
    FooEnum = Enum('FooEnum', {'foo': 'foo_value', 'bar': 'bar_value'})

    class Model(BaseModel):
        baz: Literal[FooEnum.foo]
        boo: str = 'hoo'
        model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)

    m = Model(baz=FooEnum.foo)
    assert m.model_dump() == {'baz': FooEnum.foo, 'boo': 'hoo'}
    assert m.model_dump(mode='json') == {'baz': 'foo_value', 'boo': 'hoo'}
    assert m.baz.value == 'foo_value'

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        Model(baz=FooEnum.bar)

    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'literal_error',
            'loc': ('baz',),
            'msg': "Input should be <FooEnum.foo: 'foo_value'>",
            'input': FooEnum.bar,
            'ctx': {'expected': "<FooEnum.foo: 'foo_value'>"},
        }
    ]


def test_enum_raw():
    FooEnum = Enum('FooEnum', {'foo': 'foo', 'bar': 'bar'})

    class Model(BaseModel):
        foo: FooEnum = None

    m = Model(foo='foo')
    assert isinstance(m.foo, FooEnum)
    assert m.foo != 'foo'
    assert m.foo.value == 'foo'


def test_set_tuple_values():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        foo: set
        bar: tuple

    m = Model(foo=['a', 'b'], bar=['c', 'd'])
    assert m.foo == {'a', 'b'}
    assert m.bar == ('c', 'd')
    assert m.model_dump() == {'foo': {'a', 'b'}, 'bar': ('c', 'd')}


def test_default_copy():
    class User(BaseModel):
        friends: List[int] = Field(default_factory=lambda: [])

    u1 = User()
    u2 = User()
    assert u1.friends is not u2.friends


class ArbitraryType:
    pass


def test_arbitrary_type_allowed_validation_success():
    class ArbitraryTypeAllowedModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
        t: ArbitraryType

    arbitrary_type_instance = ArbitraryType()
    m = ArbitraryTypeAllowedModel(t=arbitrary_type_instance)
    assert m.t == arbitrary_type_instance


class OtherClass:
    pass


def test_arbitrary_type_allowed_validation_fails():
    class ArbitraryTypeAllowedModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
        t: ArbitraryType

    input_value = OtherClass()
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        ArbitraryTypeAllowedModel(t=input_value)
    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'is_instance_of',
            'loc': ('t',),
            'msg': 'Input should be an instance of ArbitraryType',
            'input': input_value,
            'ctx': {'class': 'ArbitraryType'},
        }
    ]


def test_arbitrary_types_not_allowed():
    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for <class'):

        class ArbitraryTypeNotAllowedModel(BaseModel):
            t: ArbitraryType


@pytest.fixture(scope='session', name='TypeTypeModel')
def type_type_model_fixture():
    class TypeTypeModel(BaseModel):
        t: Type[ArbitraryType]

    return TypeTypeModel


def test_type_type_validation_success(TypeTypeModel):
    arbitrary_type_class = ArbitraryType
    m = TypeTypeModel(t=arbitrary_type_class)
    assert m.t == arbitrary_type_class


def test_type_type_subclass_validation_success(TypeTypeModel):
    class ArbitrarySubType(ArbitraryType):
        pass

    arbitrary_type_class = ArbitrarySubType
    m = TypeTypeModel(t=arbitrary_type_class)
    assert m.t == arbitrary_type_class


@pytest.mark.parametrize('input_value', [OtherClass, 1])
def test_type_type_validation_fails(TypeTypeModel, input_value):
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        TypeTypeModel(t=input_value)
    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'is_subclass_of',
            'loc': ('t',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a subclass of ArbitraryType',
            'input': input_value,
            'ctx': {'class': 'ArbitraryType'},
        }
    ]


@pytest.mark.parametrize('bare_type', [type, Type])
def test_bare_type_type_validation_success(bare_type):
    class TypeTypeModel(BaseModel):
        t: bare_type

    arbitrary_type_class = ArbitraryType
    m = TypeTypeModel(t=arbitrary_type_class)
    assert m.t == arbitrary_type_class


@pytest.mark.parametrize('bare_type', [type, Type])
def test_bare_type_type_validation_fails(bare_type):
    class TypeTypeModel(BaseModel):
        t: bare_type

    arbitrary_type = ArbitraryType()
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        TypeTypeModel(t=arbitrary_type)
    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'is_type',
            'loc': ('t',),
            'msg': 'Input should be a type',
            'input': arbitrary_type,
        }
    ]


def test_annotation_field_name_shadows_attribute():
    with pytest.raises(NameError):
        # When defining a model that has an attribute with the name of a built-in attribute, an exception is raised
        class BadModel(BaseModel):
            model_json_schema: str  # This conflicts with the BaseModel's model_json_schema() class method


def test_value_field_name_shadows_attribute():
    class BadModel(BaseModel):
        model_json_schema = (
            'abc'  # This conflicts with the BaseModel's model_json_schema() class method, but has no annotation
        )

    assert len(BadModel.model_fields) == 0


def test_class_var():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        a: ClassVar
        b: ClassVar[int] = 1
        c: int = 2

    assert list(MyModel.model_fields.keys()) == ['c']

    class MyOtherModel(MyModel):
        a = ''
        b = 2

    assert list(MyOtherModel.model_fields.keys()) == ['c']


def test_fields_set():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        a: int
        b: int = 2

    m = MyModel(a=5)
    assert m.__fields_set__ == {'a'}

    m.b = 2
    assert m.__fields_set__ == {'a', 'b'}

    m = MyModel(a=5, b=2)
    assert m.__fields_set__ == {'a', 'b'}


def test_exclude_unset_dict():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        a: int
        b: int = 2

    m = MyModel(a=5)
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True) == {'a': 5}

    m = MyModel(a=5, b=3)
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True) == {'a': 5, 'b': 3}


def test_exclude_unset_recursive():
    class ModelA(BaseModel):
        a: int
        b: int = 1

    class ModelB(BaseModel):
        c: int
        d: int = 2
        e: ModelA

    m = ModelB(c=5, e={'a': 0})
    assert m.model_dump() == {'c': 5, 'd': 2, 'e': {'a': 0, 'b': 1}}
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True) == {'c': 5, 'e': {'a': 0}}
    assert dict(m) == {'c': 5, 'd': 2, 'e': {'a': 0, 'b': 1}}


def test_dict_exclude_unset_populated_by_alias():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(populate_by_name=True)
        a: str = Field('default', alias='alias_a')
        b: str = Field('default', alias='alias_b')

    m = MyModel(alias_a='a')

    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True) == {'a': 'a'}
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True, by_alias=True) == {'alias_a': 'a'}


def test_dict_exclude_unset_populated_by_alias_with_extra():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
        a: str = Field('default', alias='alias_a')
        b: str = Field('default', alias='alias_b')

    m = MyModel(alias_a='a', c='c')

    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True) == {'a': 'a', 'c': 'c'}
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_unset=True, by_alias=True) == {'alias_a': 'a', 'c': 'c'}


def test_exclude_defaults():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        mandatory: str
        nullable_mandatory: Optional[str] = ...
        facultative: str = 'x'
        nullable_facultative: Optional[str] = None

    m = Model(mandatory='a', nullable_mandatory=None)
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_defaults=True) == {
        'mandatory': 'a',
        'nullable_mandatory': None,
    }

    m = Model(mandatory='a', nullable_mandatory=None, facultative='y', nullable_facultative=None)
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_defaults=True) == {
        'mandatory': 'a',
        'nullable_mandatory': None,
        'facultative': 'y',
    }

    m = Model(mandatory='a', nullable_mandatory=None, facultative='y', nullable_facultative='z')
    assert m.model_dump(exclude_defaults=True) == {
        'mandatory': 'a',
        'nullable_mandatory': None,
        'facultative': 'y',
        'nullable_facultative': 'z',
    }


def test_dir_fields():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        attribute_a: int
        attribute_b: int = 2

    m = MyModel(attribute_a=5)

    assert 'model_dump' in dir(m)
    assert 'model_dump_json' in dir(m)
    assert 'attribute_a' in dir(m)
    assert 'attribute_b' in dir(m)


def test_dict_with_extra_keys():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra=Extra.allow)
        a: str = Field(None, alias='alias_a')

    m = MyModel(extra_key='extra')
    assert m.model_dump() == {'a': None, 'extra_key': 'extra'}
    assert m.model_dump(by_alias=True) == {'alias_a': None, 'extra_key': 'extra'}


def test_untouched_types():
    from pydantic import BaseModel

    class _ClassPropertyDescriptor:
        def __init__(self, getter):
            self.getter = getter

        def __get__(self, instance, owner):
            return self.getter(owner)

    classproperty = _ClassPropertyDescriptor

    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(keep_untouched=(classproperty,))

        @classproperty
        def class_name(cls) -> str:
            return cls.__name__

    assert Model.class_name == 'Model'
    assert Model().class_name == 'Model'


def test_model_iteration():
    class Foo(BaseModel):
        a: int = 1
        b: int = 2

    class Bar(BaseModel):
        c: int
        d: Foo

    m = Bar(c=3, d={})
    assert m.model_dump() == {'c': 3, 'd': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}}
    assert list(m) == [('c', 3), ('d', Foo())]
    assert dict(m) == {'c': 3, 'd': Foo()}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'exclude,expected,raises_match',
    [
        pytest.param(
            None,
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3, 'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='exclude nothing',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {0: {'a'}, 1: {'a'}}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'b': 2}, {'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='excluding fields of indexed list items',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {'a'}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3, 'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='Trying to exclude string keys on list field should be ignored (1)',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {0: ..., 'a': ...}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'a': 3, 'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='Trying to exclude string keys on list field should be ignored (2)',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {0: 1}},
            TypeError,
            '`exclude` argument must a set or dict',
            id='value as int should be an error',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {'__all__': {1}}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3, 'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='excluding int in dict should have no effect',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {'__all__': {'a'}}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'b': 2}, {'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='using "__all__" to exclude specific nested field',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {0: {'b'}, '__all__': {'a'}}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{}, {'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='using "__all__" to exclude specific nested field in combination with more specific exclude',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {'__all__'}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': []},
            None,
            id='using "__all__" to exclude all list items',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {1, '__all__'}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': []},
            None,
            id='using "__all__" and other items should get merged together, still excluding all list items',
        ),
        pytest.param(
            {'foos': {-1: {'b'}}},
            {'c': 3, 'foos': [{'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3, 'b': 4}]},
            None,
            id='negative indexes are ignored',
        ),
    ],
)
def test_model_export_nested_list(exclude, expected, raises_match):
    class Foo(BaseModel):
        a: int = 1
        b: int = 2

    class Bar(BaseModel):
        c: int
        foos: List[Foo]

    m = Bar(c=3, foos=[Foo(a=1, b=2), Foo(a=3, b=4)])

    if raises_match is not None:
        with pytest.raises(expected, match=raises_match):
            m.model_dump(exclude=exclude)
    else:
        original_exclude = deepcopy(exclude)
        assert m.model_dump(exclude=exclude) == expected
        assert exclude == original_exclude


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'excludes,expected',
    [
        pytest.param(
            {'bars': {0}},
            {'a': 1, 'bars': [{'y': 2}, {'w': -1, 'z': 3}]},
            id='excluding first item from list field using index',
        ),
        pytest.param({'bars': {'__all__'}}, {'a': 1, 'bars': []}, id='using "__all__" to exclude all list items'),
        pytest.param(
            {'bars': {'__all__': {'w'}}},
            {'a': 1, 'bars': [{'x': 1}, {'y': 2}, {'z': 3}]},
            id='exclude single dict key from all list items',
        ),
    ],
)
def test_model_export_dict_exclusion(excludes, expected):
    class Foo(BaseModel):
        a: int = 1
        bars: List[Dict[str, int]]

    m = Foo(a=1, bars=[{'w': 0, 'x': 1}, {'y': 2}, {'w': -1, 'z': 3}])

    original_excludes = deepcopy(excludes)
    assert m.model_dump(exclude=excludes) == expected
    assert excludes == original_excludes


def test_field_exclude():
    class User(BaseModel):
        _priv: int = PrivateAttr()
        id: int
        username: str
        password: SecretStr = Field(exclude=True)
        hobbies: List[str]

    my_user = User(id=42, username='JohnDoe', password='hashedpassword', hobbies=['scuba diving'])

    my_user._priv = 13
    assert my_user.id == 42
    assert my_user.password.get_secret_value() == 'hashedpassword'
    assert my_user.model_dump() == {'id': 42, 'username': 'JohnDoe', 'hobbies': ['scuba diving']}


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_model_exclude_copy_on_model_validation_shallow():
    """When `Config.copy_on_model_validation` is set and `Config.copy_on_model_validation_shallow` is set,
    do the same as the previous test but perform a shallow copy"""

    class User(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(copy_on_model_validation='shallow')

        hobbies: List[str]

    my_user = User(hobbies=['scuba diving'])

    class Transaction(BaseModel):
        user: User = Field(...)

    t = Transaction(user=my_user)

    assert t.user is not my_user
    assert t.user.hobbies is my_user.hobbies  # unlike above, this should be a shallow copy


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
@pytest.mark.parametrize('comv_value', [True, False])
def test_copy_on_model_validation_warning(comv_value):
    class User(BaseModel):
        # True interpreted as 'shallow', False interpreted as 'none'
        model_config = ConfigDict(copy_on_model_validation=comv_value)

        hobbies: List[str]

    my_user = User(hobbies=['scuba diving'])

    class Transaction(BaseModel):
        user: User

    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="`copy_on_model_validation` should be a string: 'deep', 'shallow' or"):
        t = Transaction(user=my_user)

    if comv_value:
        assert t.user is not my_user
    else:
        assert t.user is my_user
    assert t.user.hobbies is my_user.hobbies


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_validation_deep_copy():
    """By default, Config.copy_on_model_validation should do a deep copy"""

    class A(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(copy_on_model_validation='deep')
        name: str

    class B(BaseModel):
        list_a: List[A]

    a = A(name='a')
    b = B(list_a=[a])
    assert b.list_a == [A(name='a')]
    a.name = 'b'
    assert b.list_a == [A(name='a')]


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'kinds',
    [
        {'sub_fields', 'model_fields', 'model_config', 'sub_config', 'combined_config'},
        {'sub_fields', 'model_fields', 'combined_config'},
        {'sub_fields', 'model_fields'},
        {'combined_config'},
        {'model_config', 'sub_config'},
        {'model_config', 'sub_fields'},
        {'model_fields', 'sub_config'},
    ],
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'exclude,expected',
    [
        (None, {'a': 0, 'c': {'a': [3, 5], 'c': 'foobar'}, 'd': {'c': 'foobar'}}),
        ({'c', 'd'}, {'a': 0}),
        ({'a': ..., 'c': ..., 'd': {'a': ..., 'c': ...}}, {'d': {}}),
    ],
)
def test_model_export_exclusion_with_fields_and_config(kinds, exclude, expected):
    """Test that exporting models with fields using the export parameter works."""

    class ChildConfig:
        pass

    if 'sub_config' in kinds:
        ChildConfig.fields = {'b': {'exclude': ...}, 'a': {'exclude': {1}}}

    class ParentConfig:
        pass

    if 'combined_config' in kinds:
        ParentConfig.fields = {
            'b': {'exclude': ...},
            'c': {'exclude': {'b': ..., 'a': {1}}},
            'd': {'exclude': {'a': ..., 'b': ...}},
        }

    elif 'model_config' in kinds:
        ParentConfig.fields = {'b': {'exclude': ...}, 'd': {'exclude': {'a'}}}

    class Sub(BaseModel):
        a: List[int] = Field([3, 4, 5], exclude={1} if 'sub_fields' in kinds else None)
        b: int = Field(4, exclude=... if 'sub_fields' in kinds else None)
        c: str = 'foobar'

        Config = ChildConfig

    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: int = 0
        b: int = Field(2, exclude=... if 'model_fields' in kinds else None)
        c: Sub = Sub()
        d: Sub = Field(Sub(), exclude={'a'} if 'model_fields' in kinds else None)

        Config = ParentConfig

    m = Model()
    assert m.model_dump(exclude=exclude) == expected, 'Unexpected model export result'


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_model_export_exclusion_inheritance():
    class Sub(BaseModel):
        s1: str = 'v1'
        s2: str = 'v2'
        s3: str = 'v3'
        s4: str = Field('v4', exclude=...)

    class Parent(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(fields={'a': {'exclude': ...}, 's': {'exclude': {'s1'}}})
        a: int
        b: int = Field(..., exclude=...)
        c: int
        d: int
        s: Sub = Sub()

    class Child(Parent):
        model_config = ConfigDict(fields={'c': {'exclude': ...}, 's': {'exclude': {'s2'}}})

    actual = Child(a=0, b=1, c=2, d=3).model_dump()
    expected = {'d': 3, 's': {'s3': 'v3'}}
    assert actual == expected, 'Unexpected model export result'


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_model_export_with_true_instead_of_ellipsis():
    class Sub(BaseModel):
        s1: int = 1

    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(fields={'c': {'exclude': True}})
        a: int = 2
        b: int = Field(3, exclude=True)
        c: int = Field(4)
        s: Sub = Sub()

    m = Model()
    assert m.model_dump(exclude={'s': True}) == {'a': 2}


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_model_export_inclusion():
    class Sub(BaseModel):
        s1: str = 'v1'
        s2: str = 'v2'
        s3: str = 'v3'
        s4: str = 'v4'

    class Model(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(
            fields={'a': {'include': {'s2', 's1', 's3'}}, 'b': {'include': {'s1', 's2', 's3', 's4'}}}
        )
        a: Sub = Sub()
        b: Sub = Field(Sub(), include={'s1'})
        c: Sub = Field(Sub(), include={'s1', 's2'})

    Model.model_fields['a'].field_info.include == {'s1': ..., 's2': ..., 's3': ...}
    Model.model_fields['b'].field_info.include == {'s1': ...}
    Model.model_fields['c'].field_info.include == {'s1': ..., 's2': ...}

    actual = Model().model_dump(include={'a': {'s3', 's4'}, 'b': ..., 'c': ...})
    # s1 included via field, s2 via config and s3 via .dict call:
    expected = {'a': {'s3': 'v3'}, 'b': {'s1': 'v1'}, 'c': {'s1': 'v1', 's2': 'v2'}}

    assert actual == expected, 'Unexpected model export result'


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='not implemented')
def test_model_export_inclusion_inheritance():
    class Sub(BaseModel):
        s1: str = Field('v1', include=...)
        s2: str = Field('v2', include=...)
        s3: str = Field('v3', include=...)
        s4: str = 'v4'

    class Parent(BaseModel):
        # b will be included since fields are set idependently
        model_config = ConfigDict(fields={'b': {'include': ...}})
        a: int
        b: int
        c: int
        s: Sub = Field(Sub(), include={'s1', 's2'})  # overrides includes set in Sub model

    class Child(Parent):
        # b is still included even if it doesn't occur here since fields
        # are still considered separately.
        # s however, is merged, resulting in only s1 being included.
        model_config = ConfigDict(fields={'a': {'include': ...}, 's': {'include': {'s1'}}})

    actual = Child(a=0, b=1, c=2).model_dump()
    expected = {'a': 0, 'b': 1, 's': {'s1': 'v1'}}
    assert actual == expected, 'Unexpected model export result'


def test_custom_init_subclass_params():
    class DerivedModel(BaseModel):
        def __init_subclass__(cls, something):
            cls.something = something

    # if this raises a TypeError, then there is a regression of issue 867:
    # pydantic.main.MetaModel.__new__ should include **kwargs at the end of the
    # method definition and pass them on to the super call at the end in order
    # to allow the special method __init_subclass__ to be defined with custom
    # parameters on extended BaseModel classes.
    class NewModel(DerivedModel, something=2):
        something = 1

    assert NewModel.something == 2


def test_recursive_model():
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        field: Optional['MyModel']

    m = MyModel(field={'field': {'field': None}})
    assert m.model_dump() == {'field': {'field': {'field': None}}}


def test_two_defaults():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='^cannot specify both default and default_factory$'):

        class Model(BaseModel):
            a: int = Field(default=3, default_factory=lambda: 3)


def test_default_factory():
    class ValueModel(BaseModel):
        uid: UUID = uuid4()

    m1 = ValueModel()
    m2 = ValueModel()
    assert m1.uid == m2.uid

    class DynamicValueModel(BaseModel):
        uid: UUID = Field(default_factory=uuid4)

    m1 = DynamicValueModel()
    m2 = DynamicValueModel()
    assert isinstance(m1.uid, UUID)
    assert m1.uid != m2.uid

    # With a callable: we still should be able to set callables as defaults
    class FunctionModel(BaseModel):
        a: int = 1
        uid: Callable[[], UUID] = Field(uuid4)

    m = FunctionModel()
    assert m.uid is uuid4

    # Returning a singleton from a default_factory is supported
    class MySingleton:
        pass

    MY_SINGLETON = MySingleton()

    class SingletonFieldModel(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
        singleton: MySingleton = Field(default_factory=lambda: MY_SINGLETON)

    assert SingletonFieldModel().singleton is SingletonFieldModel().singleton


def test_default_factory_called_once():
    """It should call only once the given factory by default"""

    class Seq:
        def __init__(self):
            self.v = 0

        def __call__(self):
            self.v += 1
            return self.v

    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        id: int = Field(default_factory=Seq())

    m1 = MyModel()
    assert m1.id == 1
    m2 = MyModel()
    assert m2.id == 2
    assert m1.id == 1


def test_default_factory_called_once_2():
    """It should call only once the given factory by default"""

    v = 0

    def factory():
        nonlocal v
        v += 1
        return v

    class MyModel(BaseModel):
        id: int = Field(default_factory=factory)

    m1 = MyModel()
    assert m1.id == 1
    m2 = MyModel()
    assert m2.id == 2


def test_default_factory_validate_children():
    class Child(BaseModel):
        x: int

    class Parent(BaseModel):
        children: List[Child] = Field(default_factory=list)

    Parent(children=[{'x': 1}, {'x': 2}])
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        Parent(children=[{'x': 1}, {'y': 2}])

    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {'type': 'missing', 'loc': ('children', 1, 'x'), 'msg': 'Field required', 'input': {'y': 2}}
    ]


def test_default_factory_parse():
    class Inner(BaseModel):
        val: int = Field(0)

    class Outer(BaseModel):
        inner_1: Inner = Field(default_factory=Inner)
        inner_2: Inner = Field(Inner())

    default = Outer().model_dump()
    parsed = Outer.model_validate(default)
    assert parsed.model_dump() == {'inner_1': {'val': 0}, 'inner_2': {'val': 0}}
    assert repr(parsed) == 'Outer(inner_1=Inner(val=0), inner_2=Inner(val=0))'


def test_reuse_same_field():
    required_field = Field(...)

    class Model1(BaseModel):
        required: str = required_field

    class Model2(BaseModel):
        required: str = required_field

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
        Model1.model_validate({})
    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
        Model2.model_validate({})


def test_base_config_type_hinting():
    class M(BaseModel):
        a: int

    get_type_hints(type(M.model_config))


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/237')
def test_frozen_field():
    """assigning a frozen=True field should raise a TypeError"""

    class Entry(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_assignment=True)
        id: float = Field(frozen=True)
        val: float

    r = Entry(id=1, val=100)
    assert r.val == 100
    r.val = 101
    assert r.val == 101
    assert r.id == 1
    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='"id" has frozen set to True and cannot be assigned'):
        r.id = 2


def test_repr_field():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: int = Field()
        b: float = Field(repr=True)
        c: bool = Field(repr=False)

    m = Model(a=1, b=2.5, c=True)
    assert repr(m) == 'Model(a=1, b=2.5)'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['a']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=int, required=True)'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['b']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=float, required=True)'
    assert repr(m.model_fields['c']) == 'FieldInfo(annotation=bool, required=True, repr=False)'


def test_inherited_model_field_copy():
    """It should copy models used as fields by default"""

    class Image(BaseModel):
        path: str

        def __hash__(self):
            return id(self)

    class Item(BaseModel):
        images: Set[Image]

    image_1 = Image(path='my_image1.png')
    image_2 = Image(path='my_image2.png')

    item = Item(images={image_1, image_2})
    assert image_1 in item.images

    assert id(image_1) in {id(image) for image in item.images}
    assert id(image_2) in {id(image) for image in item.images}


def test_inherited_model_field_untouched():
    """It should not copy models used as fields if explicitly asked"""

    class Image(BaseModel):
        model_config = ConfigDict(copy_on_model_validation='none')
        path: str

        def __hash__(self):
            return id(self)

    class Item(BaseModel):
        images: List[Image]

    image_1 = Image(path='my_image1.png')
    image_2 = Image(path='my_image2.png')

    item = Item(images=(image_1, image_2))
    assert image_1 in item.images

    assert id(image_1) == id(item.images[0])
    assert id(image_2) == id(item.images[1])


def test_mapping_retains_type_subclass():
    class CustomMap(dict):
        pass

    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, int]]

    m = Model(x=CustomMap(outer=CustomMap(inner=42)))
    assert isinstance(m.x, CustomMap)
    assert isinstance(m.x['outer'], CustomMap)
    assert m.x['outer']['inner'] == 42


def test_mapping_retains_type_defaultdict():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Mapping[str, int]

    d = defaultdict(int)
    d['foo'] = '2'
    d['bar']

    m = Model(x=d)
    assert isinstance(m.x, defaultdict)
    assert m.x['foo'] == 2
    assert m.x['bar'] == 0


def test_mapping_retains_type_fallback_error():
    class CustomMap(dict):
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if args or kwargs:
                raise TypeError('test')
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Mapping[str, int]

    d = CustomMap()
    d['one'] = 1
    d['two'] = 2

    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='test'):
        Model(x=d)


def test_typing_coercion_dict():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Dict[str, int]

    m = Model(x={'one': 1, 'two': 2})
    assert repr(m) == "Model(x={'one': 1, 'two': 2})"


KT = TypeVar('KT')
VT = TypeVar('VT')


class MyDict(Dict[KT, VT]):
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'MyDict({super().__repr__()})'


def test_dict_subclasses_bare():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: MyDict

    assert repr(Model(a=MyDict({'a': 1})).a) == "MyDict({'a': 1})"
    assert repr(Model(a=MyDict({b'x': (1, 2)})).a) == "MyDict({b'x': (1, 2)})"


def test_dict_subclasses_typed():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: MyDict[str, int]

    assert repr(Model(a=MyDict({'a': 1})).a) == "MyDict({'a': 1})"


def test_typing_coercion_defaultdict():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: DefaultDict[int, str]

    d = defaultdict(str)
    d['1']
    m = Model(x=d)
    assert isinstance(m.x, defaultdict)
    assert repr(m.x) == "defaultdict(<class 'str'>, {1: ''})"


def test_typing_coercion_counter():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Counter[str]

    m = Model(x={'a': 10})
    assert isinstance(m.x, Counter)
    assert repr(m.x) == "Counter({'a': 10})"


def test_typing_counter_value_validation():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: Counter[str]

    with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
        Model(x={'a': 'a'})

    # insert_assert(exc_info.value.errors())
    assert exc_info.value.errors() == [
        {
            'type': 'int_parsing',
            'loc': ('x', 'a'),
            'msg': 'Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer',
            'input': 'a',
        }
    ]


def test_class_kwargs_config():
    class Base(BaseModel, extra='forbid', alias_generator=str.upper):
        a: int

    assert Base.model_config['extra'] is Extra.forbid
    assert Base.model_config['alias_generator'] is str.upper
    # assert Base.model_fields['a'].alias == 'A'

    class Model(Base, extra='allow'):
        b: int

    assert Model.model_config['extra'] is Extra.allow  # overwritten as intended
    assert Model.model_config['alias_generator'] is str.upper  # inherited as intended
    # assert Model.model_fields['b'].alias == 'B'  # alias_generator still works


def test_class_kwargs_config_json_encoders():
    class Model(BaseModel, json_encoders={int: str}):
        pass

    assert Model.model_config['json_encoders'] == {int: str}


def test_class_kwargs_config_and_attr_conflict():
    class Model(BaseModel, extra='allow', alias_generator=str.upper):
        model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', title='Foobar')
        b: int

    assert Model.model_config['extra'] is Extra.allow
    assert Model.model_config['alias_generator'] is str.upper
    assert Model.model_config['title'] == 'Foobar'


def test_class_kwargs_custom_config():
    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r'__init_subclass__\(\) takes no keyword arguments'):

        class Model(BaseModel, some_config='new_value'):
            a: int


@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 10), reason='need 3.10 version')
def test_new_union_origin():
    """On 3.10+, origin of `int | str` is `types.UnionType`, not `typing.Union`"""

    class Model(BaseModel):
        x: int | str

    assert Model(x=3).x == 3
    assert Model(x='3').x == '3'
    assert Model(x='pika').x == 'pika'
    # assert Model.model_json_schema() == {
    #     'title': 'Model',
    #     'type': 'object',
    #     'properties': {'x': {'title': 'X', 'anyOf': [{'type': 'integer'}, {'type': 'string'}]}},
    #     'required': ['x'],
    # }


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='implement final')
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'ann',
    [Final, Final[int]],
    ids=['no-arg', 'with-arg'],
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'value',
    [None, Field(...)],
    ids=['none', 'field'],
)
def test_final_field_decl_without_default_val(ann, value):
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: ann

        if value is not None:
            a = value

    Model.model_rebuild(ann=ann)

    assert 'a' not in Model.__class_vars__
    assert 'a' in Model.model_fields

    assert Model.model_fields['a'].final


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='waiting for https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/237')
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'ann',
    [Final, Final[int]],
    ids=['no-arg', 'with-arg'],
)
def test_final_field_decl_with_default_val(ann):
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: ann = 10

    Model.model_rebuild(ann=ann)

    assert 'a' in Model.__class_vars__
    assert 'a' not in Model.model_fields


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='waiting for https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/237')
def test_final_field_reassignment():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: Final[int]

    obj = Model(a=10)

    with pytest.raises(
        TypeError,
        match=r'^"Model" object "a" field is final and does not support reassignment$',
    ):
        obj.a = 20


@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='waiting for https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/237')
def test_field_by_default_is_not_final():
    class Model(BaseModel):
        a: int

    assert not Model.model_fields['a'].final


def test_post_init():
    calls = []

    class SubModel(BaseModel):
        a: int
        b: int

        def model_post_init(self, **kwargs) -> None:
            assert self.model_dump() == {'a': 3, 'b': 4}
            calls.append('submodel_post_init')

    class Model(BaseModel):
        c: int
        d: int
        sub: SubModel

        def model_post_init(self, **kwargs) -> None:
            assert self.model_dump() == {'c': 1, 'd': 2, 'sub': {'a': 3, 'b': 4}}
            calls.append('model_post_init')

    m = Model(c=1, d='2', sub={'a': 3, 'b': '4'})
    assert m.model_dump() == {'c': 1, 'd': 2, 'sub': {'a': 3, 'b': 4}}
    assert calls == ['submodel_post_init', 'model_post_init']


def test_extra_args_to_field_type_error():
    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='unexpected keyword argument'):

        class Model(BaseModel):
            a: int = Field(thing=1)