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mm_win.c
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mm_win.c
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// mm_win.c : implementation of functionality related to the windows paging subsystem.
//
// (c) Ulf Frisk, 2019-2022
// Author: Ulf Frisk, [email protected]
//
#include "vmm.h"
#include "mm.h"
#include "pdb.h"
#include "pe.h"
#include "statistics.h"
#include "util.h"
#define MM_LOOP_PROTECT_ADD(flags) ((flags & ~0x00ff0000) | ((((flags >> 16) & 0xff) + 1) << 16))
#define MM_LOOP_PROTECT_MAX(flags) (((flags >> 16) & 0xff) > 4)
#define PTE_SWIZZLE_BIT 0x10 // nt!_MMPTE_SOFTWARE.SwizzleBit
#define PTE_SWIZZLE_MASK (H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.dwInvalidPteMask)
#define MMWINX86_PTE_IS_HARDWARE(pte) (pte & 0x01)
#define MMWINX86_PTE_TRANSITION(pte) (((pte & 0x0c01) == 0x0800) ? ((pte & 0xfffff000) | 0x005) : 0)
#define MMWINX86_PTE_PROTOTYPE(pte) (((pte & 0x00000407) == 0x00000400) ? (0x80000000 | ((pte >> 1) & 0x7ffffc00) | ((pte << 1) & 0x3ff)) : 0)
#define MMWINX86_PTE_PAGE_FILE_NUMBER(H, pte) ((pte >> 1) & 0x0f)
#define MMWINX86_PTE_PAGE_FILE_OFFSET(pte) (pte >> 12)
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_IS_HARDWARE(pte) (pte & 0x01)
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_TRANSITION(pte) (((pte & 0x0c01) == 0x0800) ? ((pte & 0x0000003ffffff000) | 0x005) : 0)
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PROTOTYPE(pte) (((pte & 0x8000000700000401) == 0x8000000000000400) ? (pte >> 32) : 0)
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PAGE_FILE_NUMBER(H, pte) ((pte >> (((H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild >= 17134) ? 12 : 1))) & 0x0f)
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PAGE_FILE_OFFSET(pte) ((pte >> 32) ^ (!(pte & PTE_SWIZZLE_BIT) ? PTE_SWIZZLE_MASK : 0))
#define MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PAGE_KEY_COMPRESSED(H, pte) (DWORD)(((MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PAGE_FILE_NUMBER(H, pte) << 0x1c) | MMWINX86PAE_PTE_PAGE_FILE_OFFSET(pte)))
#define MMWINX64_PTE_IS_HARDWARE(pte) (pte & 0x01)
#define MMWINX64_PTE_IS_FILE_BACKED(H, pte) (((pte & 0xffff80000000000f) == 0xffff800000000000) && (H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild >= 22621))
#define MMWINX64_PTE_TRANSITION(pte) (((pte & 0x0c01) == 0x0800) ? ((pte & 0xffffdffffffff000) | 0x005) : 0)
#define MMWINX64_PTE_PROTOTYPE(pte) (((pte & 0x8000000000070401) == 0x8000000000000400) ? ((pte >> 16) | 0xffff000000000000) : 0)
#define MMWINX64_PTE_PAGE_FILE_NUMBER(H, pte) ((pte >> (((H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild >= 17134) ? 12 : 1))) & 0x0f)
#define MMWINX64_PTE_PAGE_FILE_OFFSET(pte) ((pte >> 32) ^ (!(pte & PTE_SWIZZLE_BIT) ? PTE_SWIZZLE_MASK : 0))
#define MMWINX64_PTE_PAGE_KEY_COMPRESSED(H, pte) (DWORD)(((MMWINX64_PTE_PAGE_FILE_NUMBER(H, pte) << 0x1c) | MMWINX64_PTE_PAGE_FILE_OFFSET(pte)))
typedef struct tdMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET {
BOOL _fValid;
BOOL _fProcessedTry;
WORD _Size;
struct {
WORD PagesTree;
WORD SmkmStore;
WORD ChunkMetaData;
WORD RegionSizeMask;
WORD RegionIndexMask;
WORD CompressionAlgorithm;
WORD CompressedRegionPtrArray;
WORD OwnerProcess;
} SMKM_STORE;
} MMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET, *PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET;
typedef struct tdMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_CONTEXT {
QWORD vaEPROCESS;
DWORD dwPid;
DWORD dwPageFileNumber;
DWORD dwInvalidPteMask; // top 32-bits of nt!MiState->Hardware.InvalidPteMask
BOOL fValid;
BOOL fInitialized;
QWORD vaSmGlobals;
QWORD vaKeyToStoreTree;
MMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET O;
} MMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_CONTEXT, *PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_CONTEXT;
typedef struct tdMMWIN_CONTEXT {
CRITICAL_SECTION Lock;
FILE *pPageFile[10];
MMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_CONTEXT MemCompress;
} MMWIN_CONTEXT, *PMMWIN_CONTEXT;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// BTREE FUNCTIONALITY BELOW:
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct td_BTREE_LEAF_ENTRY {
DWORD k;
DWORD v;
} _BTREE_LEAF_ENTRY;
typedef struct td_BTREE_NODE_ENTRY32 {
DWORD k;
DWORD vaLeaf;
} _BTREE_NODE_ENTRY32;
typedef struct td_BTREE_NODE_ENTRY64 {
DWORD k;
DWORD _Filler;
QWORD vaLeaf;
} _BTREE_NODE_ENTRY64;
typedef struct td_BTREE32 {
WORD cEntries;
BYTE cLevel;
BYTE fLeaf;
DWORD vaLeftChild;
union {
_BTREE_LEAF_ENTRY LeafEntries[0];
_BTREE_NODE_ENTRY32 NodeEntries[0];
};
} _BTREE32, *P_BTREE32;
typedef struct td_BTREE64 {
WORD cEntries;
BYTE cLevel;
BYTE fLeaf;
DWORD _Filler;
QWORD vaLeftChild;
union {
_BTREE_LEAF_ENTRY LeafEntries[0];
_BTREE_NODE_ENTRY64 NodeEntries[0];
};
} _BTREE64, *P_BTREE64;
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree32_Search(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pProcess, _In_ QWORD vaTree, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead);
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree64_Search(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pProcess, _In_ QWORD vaTree, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead);
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree32_SearchLeaf(_In_ PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess, _In_ P_BTREE32 pT, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL fSearchPreFail = FALSE;
DWORD i, dwSearchStep, dwSearchIndex = 1, dwSearchCount = 0;
// 2: search tree for leaf
for(i = 1; (i < 12) && ((pT->cEntries - 1) >> i); i++);
dwSearchIndex = dwSearchStep = min(1 << (i - 1), pT->cEntries);
while(TRUE) {
dwSearchCount++;
dwSearchStep = dwSearchStep >> 1;
if(pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].k == dwKey) {
*pdwValue = pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].v;
return TRUE;
}
if(dwSearchStep == 0) {
if(fSearchPreFail) {
return FALSE;
}
fSearchPreFail = TRUE;
dwSearchStep = 1;
}
if(pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].k < dwKey) {
if(dwSearchIndex + dwSearchStep < pT->cEntries) {
dwSearchIndex += dwSearchStep;
}
} else {
if(dwSearchStep <= dwSearchIndex) {
dwSearchIndex -= dwSearchStep;
}
}
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree64_SearchLeaf(_In_ PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess, _In_ P_BTREE64 pT, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL fSearchPreFail = FALSE;
DWORD i, dwSearchStep, dwSearchIndex = 1;
// 2: search tree for leaf
for(i = 1; (i < 12) && ((pT->cEntries - 1) >> i); i++);
dwSearchIndex = dwSearchStep = min(1 << (i - 1), pT->cEntries);
while(TRUE) {
dwSearchStep = dwSearchStep >> 1;
if(pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].k == dwKey) {
*pdwValue = pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].v;
return TRUE;
}
if(dwSearchStep == 0) {
if(fSearchPreFail) {
return FALSE;
}
fSearchPreFail = TRUE;
dwSearchStep = 1;
}
if(pT->LeafEntries[dwSearchIndex].k < dwKey) {
if(dwSearchIndex + dwSearchStep < pT->cEntries) {
dwSearchIndex += dwSearchStep;
}
} else {
if(dwSearchStep <= dwSearchIndex) {
dwSearchIndex -= dwSearchStep;
}
}
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree32_SearchNode(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess, _In_ P_BTREE32 pT, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL fSearchPreFail = FALSE;
DWORD i, dwSearchStep, dwSearchIndex = 1;
QWORD vaSubTree = 0;
// 2: search tree for entry
for(i = 1; (i < 12) && ((pT->cEntries - 1) >> i); i++);
dwSearchIndex = dwSearchStep = min(1 << (i - 1), pT->cEntries - 1);
while(TRUE) {
dwSearchStep = dwSearchStep >> 1;
if((dwSearchStep == 0) && !fSearchPreFail) {
fSearchPreFail = TRUE;
dwSearchStep = 1;
}
if((dwSearchStep == 0) || ((pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].k <= dwKey) && ((dwSearchIndex + 1 == pT->cEntries) || (pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex + 1].k > dwKey)))) {
if((dwSearchIndex == 0) && (pT->NodeEntries[0].k > dwKey)) {
vaSubTree = pT->vaLeftChild;
} else {
vaSubTree = pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].vaLeaf;
}
return MmWin_BTree32_Search(H, pSystemProcess, vaSubTree, dwKey, pdwValue, MM_LOOP_PROTECT_ADD(fVmmRead));
} else if(pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].k < dwKey) {
if(dwSearchIndex + dwSearchStep < pT->cEntries) {
dwSearchIndex += dwSearchStep;
}
} else {
if(dwSearchStep <= dwSearchIndex) {
dwSearchIndex -= dwSearchStep;
}
}
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree64_SearchNode(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess, _In_ P_BTREE64 pT, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL fSearchPreFail = FALSE;
DWORD i, dwSearchStep, dwSearchIndex = 1, dwSearchCount = 0;
QWORD vaSubTree = 0;
// 2: search tree for entry
for(i = 1; (i < 12) && ((pT->cEntries - 1) >> i); i++);
dwSearchIndex = dwSearchStep = min(1 << (i - 1), pT->cEntries - 1);
while(TRUE) {
dwSearchCount++;
dwSearchStep = dwSearchStep >> 1;
if((dwSearchStep == 0) && !fSearchPreFail) {
fSearchPreFail = TRUE;
dwSearchStep = 1;
}
if((dwSearchStep == 0) || ((pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].k <= dwKey) && ((dwSearchIndex + 1 == pT->cEntries) || (pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex + 1].k > dwKey)))) {
if((dwSearchIndex == 0) && (pT->NodeEntries[0].k > dwKey)) {
vaSubTree = pT->vaLeftChild;
} else {
vaSubTree = pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].vaLeaf;
}
return MmWin_BTree64_Search(H, pSystemProcess, vaSubTree, dwKey, pdwValue, MM_LOOP_PROTECT_ADD(fVmmRead));
} else if(pT->NodeEntries[dwSearchIndex].k < dwKey) {
if(dwSearchIndex + dwSearchStep < pT->cEntries) {
dwSearchIndex += dwSearchStep;
}
} else {
if(dwSearchStep <= dwSearchIndex) {
dwSearchIndex -= dwSearchStep;
}
}
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree32_Search(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pProcess, _In_ QWORD vaTree, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL f;
BYTE pbBuffer[0x1000];
P_BTREE32 pT = (P_BTREE32)pbBuffer;
// 1: read tree
f = !MM_LOOP_PROTECT_MAX(fVmmRead) &&
VMM_KADDR32_PAGE(vaTree) &&
VmmRead2(H, pProcess, vaTree, pbBuffer, 0x1000, fVmmRead) &&
pT->cEntries;
if(!f) { return FALSE; }
if(pT->fLeaf) {
// Leaf
if(pT->cEntries > 0x1ff) { return FALSE; }
return MmWin_BTree32_SearchLeaf(pProcess, pT, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead);
} else {
// Node
if(pT->cEntries > 0x1ff) { return FALSE; }
return MmWin_BTree32_SearchNode(H, pProcess, pT, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead);
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree64_Search(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pProcess, _In_ QWORD vaTree, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
BOOL f;
BYTE pbBuffer[0x1000];
P_BTREE64 pT = (P_BTREE64)pbBuffer;
// 1: read tree
f = !MM_LOOP_PROTECT_MAX(fVmmRead) &&
VMM_KADDR64_PAGE(vaTree) &&
VmmRead2(H, pProcess, vaTree, pbBuffer, 0x1000, fVmmRead) &&
pT->cEntries;
if(!f) { return FALSE; }
if(pT->fLeaf) {
// Leaf
if(pT->cEntries > 0x1ff) { return FALSE; }
return MmWin_BTree64_SearchLeaf(pProcess, pT, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead);
} else {
// Node
if(pT->cEntries > 0xff) { return FALSE; }
return MmWin_BTree64_SearchNode(H, pProcess, pT, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead);
}
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_BTree_Search(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pProcess, _In_ QWORD vaTree, _In_ DWORD dwKey, _Out_ PDWORD pdwValue, _In_ QWORD fVmmRead)
{
return H->vmm.f32 ? MmWin_BTree32_Search(H, pProcess, vaTree, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead) : MmWin_BTree64_Search(H, pProcess, vaTree, dwKey, pdwValue, fVmmRead);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MEMCOMPRESSION INITIALIZATION FUNCTIONALITY BELOW:
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
* Initialize offsets in _SMKM_STORE / _ST_STORE / _ST_DATA_MGR
* -- H
*/
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeOffsets32(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H)
{
DWORD dwVersionBuild = H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild;
PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET po = &H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.O;
po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree = 0x38 + 0x0; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.ChunkMetaData = 0x38 + 0x6C; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.SmkmStore = 0x38 + 0x1C0; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.RegionSizeMask = 0x38 + 0x1C4; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.RegionIndexMask = 0x38 + 0x1C8; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x38 + 0x224; // 1709+
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x1184; // 1709+
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x125c; // 2004+
if(dwVersionBuild <= 18363) { // 1709-1909
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x1254;
}
if(dwVersionBuild == 15063) { // 1703
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x38 + 0x220;
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x1174;
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x1244;
}
if(dwVersionBuild == 14393) { // 1607
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x38 + 0x220;
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x1124;
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x1204;
}
po->_Size = po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess + 8;
po->_fProcessedTry = TRUE;
po->_fValid = TRUE;
}
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeOffsets64(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H)
{
DWORD dwVersionBuild = H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild;
PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET po = &H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.O;
po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree = 0x50 + 0x0; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.ChunkMetaData = 0x50 + 0xC0; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.SmkmStore = 0x50 + 0x320; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.RegionSizeMask = 0x50 + 0x328; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.RegionIndexMask = 0x50 + 0x32C; // static = ok
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x50 + 0x3E0; // 1709+
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x1848; // 1709+
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x19B8; // 2004+
if(dwVersionBuild <= 18363) { // 1709-1909
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x19A8;
}
if(dwVersionBuild == 15063) { // 1703
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x50 + 0x3D0;
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x1828;
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x1988;
}
if(dwVersionBuild == 14393) { // 1607
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm = 0x50 + 0x3D0;
po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray = 0x17A8;
po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess = 0x1918;
}
po->_Size = po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess + 8;
po->_fProcessedTry = TRUE;
po->_fValid = TRUE;
}
/*
* Older version of InitializeVirtualStorePageFileNumber() which has no reliance
* on debug symbols.
* NB! THIS DOES NOT WORK ON MORE RECENT WINDOWS VERSION (SERVER2022/WIN11).
*/
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeVirtualStorePageFileNumber_Old(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _Inout_ PMMWIN_CONTEXT ctx, _In_ PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess)
{
BOOL f;
BYTE pbMm[0x100] = { 0 };
QWORD j, va = 0;
DWORD i, cb, cbRead, oPoolHdr, oPfNum;
PBYTE pb = NULL;
IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER oSectionHeader;
POB_SET pObSet = NULL;
ctx->MemCompress.dwPageFileNumber = 2;
// 1: SetUp and locate nt!MiSystemPartition/nt!.data
if(!(pObSet = ObSet_New(H))) { goto finish; }
if(!PE_SectionGetFromName(H, pSystemProcess, H->vmm.kernel.vaBase, ".data", &oSectionHeader)) {
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "VirtualStorePageFileNumber: CANNOT READ ntoskrnl.exe.data SECTION from PE header");
goto finish;
}
if(oSectionHeader.Misc.VirtualSize > 0x00100000) { goto finish; }
va = H->vmm.kernel.vaBase + oSectionHeader.VirtualAddress;
cb = oSectionHeader.Misc.VirtualSize;
if(!(pb = LocalAlloc(0, cb))) { goto finish; }
if(!VmmRead(H, pSystemProcess, va, pb, cb)) {
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "VirtualStorePageFileNumber: CANNOT READ ntoskrnl.exe .data SECTION.\n");
goto finish;
}
if(H->vmm.f32) {
// 32-bit
// 2: Search for candidate pointers
for(i = 0; i < cb - 0x90; i += 4) {
f = (*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x004) == 1) &&
*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000) &&
(*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000) < 16) &&
VMM_KADDR32_8(*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x008)) &&
VMM_KADDR32_8(*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x00c));
if(f) {
for(j = 0; j < *(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000); j++) {
va = *(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x008 + j * 4);
if(VMM_KADDR32_8(va)) {
ObSet_Push(pObSet, va);
}
}
}
}
oPoolHdr = 12;
oPfNum = 0x74;
} else {
// 64-bit
// 2: Search for candidate pointers
for(i = 0; i < cb - 0x90; i += 8) {
f = (*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x004) == 1) &&
*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000) &&
(*(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000) < 16) &&
VMM_KADDR64_16(*(PQWORD)(pb + i + 0x008)) &&
VMM_KADDR64_16(*(PQWORD)(pb + i + 0x010)) &&
((*(PQWORD)(pb + i + 0x008) >> 32) == (*(PQWORD)(pb + i + 0x010) >> 32));
if(f) {
for(j = 0; j < *(PDWORD)(pb + i + 0x000); j++) {
va = *(PQWORD)(pb + i + 0x008 + j * 8);
if(VMM_KADDR64_16(va)) {
ObSet_Push(pObSet, va);
}
}
}
}
oPoolHdr = 4;
oPfNum = 0xcc;
}
// 3: Verify nt!dt _MMPAGING_FILE by looking at pool header and VirtualStorePagefile bit
VmmCachePrefetchPages(H, pSystemProcess, pObSet, 0);
while((va = ObSet_Pop(pObSet))) {
VmmReadEx(H, pSystemProcess, va - 0x10, pbMm, 0x100, &cbRead, VMM_FLAG_FORCECACHE_READ);
if((*(PDWORD)(pbMm + oPoolHdr) == ' mM') && (*(PBYTE)(pbMm + 0x10 + oPfNum) & 0x40)) {
ctx->MemCompress.dwPageFileNumber = (*(PBYTE)(pbMm + 0x10 + oPfNum) & 0x0f);
goto finish;
}
}
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "VirtualStorePageFileNumber: WARN! did not find virtual store number - fallback to default");
finish:
LocalFree(pb);
Ob_DECREF(pObSet);
}
/*
* Retrieve the page file number of the virtual store. This will be '2' on a
* standard system, but if paging are configured in a non-standard way this
* number may differ.
* ---
* nt!MiSystemPartition(dt:_MI_PARTITION).Vp(dt:_MI_VISIBLE_PARTITION).
* .PagingFile[0-15](dt:PTR:_MMPAGING_FILE)
* ---
* The page file number and the virtual store flag is contained at same bits
* in all known versions with MemCompression as per below (for 64-bit):
* dt nt!_MMPAGING_FILE
* +0x0cc PageFileNumber : Pos 0, 4 Bits
* +0x0cc VirtualStorePagefile : Pos 6, 1 Bit
* If this function fails it will automatically fallback to default number 2.
* -- H
*/
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeVirtualStorePageFileNumber(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H)
{
BOOL f;
PVMM_PROCESS pObSystemProcess = NULL;
QWORD qw, va, vaMiState, iPfNum;
DWORD oMiStateHardware, oMiStateHardwareInvalidPteMask;
PMMWIN_CONTEXT ctx = H->vmm.pMmContext;
DWORD oVp, oPagingFile, oPageFileNumber;
POB_SET pObSet = NULL;
BYTE pb[16 * sizeof(QWORD)], bFlags;
// 1: Prepare
if(!(pObSet = ObSet_New(H))) { goto finish; }
if(!(pObSystemProcess = VmmProcessGet(H, 4))) { goto finish; }
// 2: Set InvalidPteMask
if(H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild >= 15063) {
f = PDB_GetSymbolAddress(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "MiState", &vaMiState) &&
PDB_GetTypeChildOffset(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "_MI_SYSTEM_INFORMATION", "Hardware", &oMiStateHardware) &&
PDB_GetTypeChildOffset(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "_MI_HARDWARE_STATE", "InvalidPteMask", &oMiStateHardwareInvalidPteMask) &&
VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, vaMiState + oMiStateHardware + oMiStateHardwareInvalidPteMask, (PBYTE)&qw, 8);
ctx->MemCompress.dwInvalidPteMask = f ? (qw >> 32) : 0x00002000; // if fail: [0x00002000 = most common on Intel]
}
// 3: fetch virtual store # via pdb symbols
f = PDB_GetSymbolAddress(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "MiSystemPartition", &va) &&
PDB_GetTypeChildOffset(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "_MI_PARTITION", "Vp", &oVp) &&
PDB_GetTypeChildOffset(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "_MI_VISIBLE_PARTITION", "PagingFile", &oPagingFile) &&
PDB_GetTypeChildOffset(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "_MMPAGING_FILE", "PageFileNumber", &oPageFileNumber) &&
VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, va + oVp + oPagingFile, pb, 16 * sizeof(QWORD));
if(!f) { goto fail; }
for(iPfNum = 0; iPfNum < 16; iPfNum++) {
va = H->vmm.f32 ? *(PDWORD)(pb + iPfNum * 4) : *(PQWORD)(pb + iPfNum * 8);
if(VMM_KADDR_8_16(H->vmm.f32, va)) {
ObSet_Push(pObSet, va + oPageFileNumber);
}
}
VmmCachePrefetchPages(H, pObSystemProcess, pObSet, 0);
while((va = ObSet_Pop(pObSet))) {
if(VmmRead2(H, pObSystemProcess, va, &bFlags, 1, VMM_FLAG_FORCECACHE_READ)) {
if(bFlags & 0x40) {
ctx->MemCompress.dwPageFileNumber = bFlags & 0x0f;
goto finish;
}
}
}
fail:
MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeVirtualStorePageFileNumber_Old(H, ctx, pObSystemProcess);
finish:
Ob_DECREF(pObSystemProcess);
Ob_DECREF(pObSet);
}
/*
* Locate SmGlobals in 1st page of ntoskrnl.exe!CACHEALI section by looking for
* pointers to SMKM_STORE_METADATA (pool hdr: 'SmSa').
* SMGLOBALS (_SMKM_STORE_MGR)+000 = Smkm Metadata (_SMKM sSmkm)
* _SMKM: PTR[32] to _SMKM_STORE_METADATA: (pool hdr smSa)
* _SMKM_STORE_METADATA: sizeof(_SMKM_STORE_METADATA) = 0x28
* +000 = PTR to SMKM_STORE
* +018 = PTR to EPROCESS
* SMGLOBALS (_SMKM_STORE_MGR)+1C0 = KeyToStoreTree (B_TREE sGlobalTree)
* -- H
*/
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_Initialize_NoPdb64(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H)
{
BOOL f, f32 = H->vmm.f32;
BYTE pbPage[0x1000] = { 0 };
DWORD i, dwSmsaPoolHdr = 0, cbRead;
QWORD vaSmGlobals, vaSmsa, vaKeyToStoreTree;
IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER oSectionHeader;
PVMM_PROCESS pObSystemProcess = NULL;
POB_SET pObSet = NULL;
PMMWIN_CONTEXT ctx = H->vmm.pMmContext;
EnterCriticalSection(&H->vmm.LockMaster);
if(ctx->MemCompress.fInitialized || (H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild < 14393)) { goto finish; }
// 1: Locate SmGlobals candidates in ntoskrnl.exe!CACHEALI section
if(!(pObSystemProcess = VmmProcessGet(H, 4))) { goto finish; }
if(!(pObSet = ObSet_New(H))) { goto finish; }
if(!PE_SectionGetFromName(H, pObSystemProcess, H->vmm.kernel.vaBase, "CACHEALI", &oSectionHeader)) {
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "MemCompress_Initialize_NoPdb64: CANNOT READ ntoskrnl.exe CACHEALI SECTION from PE header");
goto finish;
}
if(!VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, H->vmm.kernel.vaBase + oSectionHeader.VirtualAddress, pbPage, 0x1000)) {
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "MemCompress_Initialize_NoPdb64: CANNOT READ ntoskrnl.exe CACHEALI SECTION");
goto finish;
}
// 2: Verify SMGLOBALS / _SMKM_STORE_METADATA (pool hdr: 'smSa')
for(i = 0; i < 0x1000 - 0x1c0 - sizeof(QWORD); i += 8) {
vaSmGlobals = H->vmm.kernel.vaBase + oSectionHeader.VirtualAddress + i;
vaSmsa = *(PQWORD)(pbPage + i);
vaKeyToStoreTree = *(PQWORD)(pbPage + i + 0x1c0);
f = VMM_KADDR64_PAGE(vaKeyToStoreTree) &&
VMM_KADDR64_16(vaSmsa);
if(f) {
ObSet_Push(pObSet, vaSmGlobals);
ObSet_Push(pObSet, vaKeyToStoreTree);
ObSet_Push(pObSet, vaSmsa);
}
}
// 2: Verify SMGLOBALS / _SMKM_STORE_METADATA (pool hdr: 'smSa')
VmmCachePrefetchPages(H, pObSystemProcess, pObSet, 0);
while(ObSet_Size(pObSet)) {
vaSmsa = ObSet_Pop(pObSet);
vaKeyToStoreTree = ObSet_Pop(pObSet);
vaSmGlobals = ObSet_Pop(pObSet);
VmmReadEx(H, pObSystemProcess, vaSmsa - 12, (PBYTE)&dwSmsaPoolHdr, sizeof(DWORD), &cbRead, VMM_FLAG_FORCECACHE_READ);
if(dwSmsaPoolHdr == 'aSms') {
MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeOffsets64(H);
ctx->MemCompress.fValid = TRUE;
ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals = vaSmGlobals;
ctx->MemCompress.vaKeyToStoreTree = vaKeyToStoreTree;
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_VERBOSE, "Windows 10 Memory Compression Initialize #1 - SmGlobals located at: %16llx Pf: %i", ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals, ctx->MemCompress.dwPageFileNumber);
break;
}
}
finish:
LeaveCriticalSection(&H->vmm.LockMaster);
ctx->MemCompress.fInitialized = TRUE;
Ob_DECREF(pObSystemProcess);
Ob_DECREF(pObSet);
}
VOID MmWin_MemCompress_Initialize(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H)
{
DWORD vaKeyToStoreTree32;
QWORD vaKeyToStoreTree64, va;
PVMM_PROCESS pObSystemProcess = NULL, pObProcess = NULL;
PMMWIN_CONTEXT ctx = H->vmm.pMmContext;
if(H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionMajor < 10) { goto fail; }
MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeVirtualStorePageFileNumber(H);
// Retrieve MemCompression process PID and vaEPROCESS
while((pObProcess = VmmProcessGetNext(H, pObProcess, 0))) {
if((pObProcess->dwPPID == 4) && !memcmp("MemCompression", pObProcess->szName, 15)) {
ctx->MemCompress.dwPid = pObProcess->dwPID;
ctx->MemCompress.vaEPROCESS = pObProcess->win.EPROCESS.va;
}
}
// Retrieve SmGlobals address
if(!PDB_GetSymbolAddress(H, PDB_HANDLE_KERNEL, "SmGlobals", &ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals)) {
if(H->vmm.tpMemoryModel == VMM_MEMORYMODEL_X64) {
MmWin_MemCompress_Initialize_NoPdb64(H);
}
goto fail;
}
if(!(pObSystemProcess = VmmProcessGet(H, 4))) { goto fail; }
if(H->vmm.kernel.dwVersionBuild >= 22601) {
// WIN11 22H2+: SmGlobals data is mostly moved into external allocation (pool tag: 'SmPa').
// This is referenced by a (list?) in 'SmGlobals'+8 -> Use the 'SmPa' as SmGlobals instead!
if(!VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals + 8, (PBYTE)&va, sizeof(QWORD))) { goto fail; }
if(!VMM_KADDR64_8(va)) { goto fail; }
ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals = va - 0x7a8;
}
// WIN10 and WIN11 21H2: most data is stored in the large global 'SmGlobals'
// incl. vaKeyToStoreTree which is referenced from SmGlobals (pool tag: 'smBt').
if(H->vmm.f32) {
MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeOffsets32(H);
if(!VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals + 0x0f4, (PBYTE)&vaKeyToStoreTree32, sizeof(DWORD))) { goto fail; }
if(!VMM_KADDR32_PAGE(vaKeyToStoreTree32)) { goto fail; }
ctx->MemCompress.vaKeyToStoreTree = vaKeyToStoreTree32;
} else {
MmWin_MemCompress_InitializeOffsets64(H);
if(!VmmRead(H, pObSystemProcess, ctx->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals + 0x1c0, (PBYTE)&vaKeyToStoreTree64, sizeof(QWORD))) { goto fail; }
if(!VMM_KADDR64_PAGE(vaKeyToStoreTree64)) { goto fail; }
ctx->MemCompress.vaKeyToStoreTree = vaKeyToStoreTree64;
}
ctx->MemCompress.fValid = TRUE;
fail:
Ob_DECREF(pObSystemProcess);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// COMPRESSED STORE FUNCTIONALITY BELOW:
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_INVALID 0
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_NULL 1
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_MSZIP 2
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_XPRESS 3
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_XPRESS_HUFF 4
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_LZMS 5
#define COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_MAX 6
#define COMPRESS_RAW (1 << 29)
typedef struct tdMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT {
QWORD fVmmRead;
PVMM_PROCESS pProcess;
PVMM_PROCESS pSystemProcess;
PVMM_PROCESS pProcessMemCompress;
// per page items
struct {
QWORD va;
QWORD PTE;
DWORD dwPageKey;
DWORD iSmkm; // index into 32x32 array in SmGlobals/SMKM_STORE_METADATA
QWORD vaSmkmStore;
QWORD vaEPROCESS;
QWORD vaOwnerEPROCESS;
BYTE pbSmkm[0x2000];
DWORD dwRegionKey;
QWORD vaPageRecord;
QWORD vaRegion;
DWORD cbRegionOffset;
DWORD cbCompressedData;
BYTE pbCompressedData[0x1000];
} e;
} MMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT, *PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT;
typedef struct td_SMKM_STORE_METADATA32 {
DWORD vaSmkmStore;
DWORD Reserved1[2];
DWORD vaEPROCESS;
DWORD Reserved2;
} _SMKM_STORE_METADATA32;
typedef struct td_SMKM_STORE_METADATA64 {
QWORD vaSmkmStore;
QWORD Reserved1[2];
QWORD vaEPROCESS;
QWORD Reserved2;
} _SMKM_STORE_METADATA64;
typedef struct td_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA32 {
DWORD avaChunkPtr[32];
QWORD Reserved1;
DWORD dwBitValue;
DWORD dwPageRecordsPerChunkMask;
DWORD dwPageRecordSize;
DWORD Reserved2;
DWORD dwChunkPageHeaderSize;
} _SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA32, *P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA32;
typedef struct td_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA64 {
QWORD avaChunkPtr[32];
QWORD Reserved1;
DWORD dwBitValue;
DWORD dwPageRecordsPerChunkMask;
DWORD dwPageRecordSize;
DWORD Reserved2;
DWORD dwChunkPageHeaderSize;
} _SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA64, *P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA64;
typedef struct td_ST_PAGE_RECORD {
DWORD Key;
DWORD CompressedSize;
DWORD NextKey;
} _ST_PAGE_RECORD, *P_ST_PAGE_RECORD;
/*
* Log a memory compression error.
* -- H
* -- ctx
* -- szError
* -- return = FALSE
*/
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx, _In_ LPSTR szError)
{
VmmLog(H, MID_VMM, LOGLEVEL_DEBUG,
"MmWin_CompressedPage: FAIL: %s\n" \
" va= %016llx ep= %016llx pgk=%08x ism=%04x vas=%016llx\n" \
" pte=%016llx oep=%016llx rgk=%08x pid=%04x vat=%016llx\n" \
" pgr=%016llx var=%016llx rgo=%08x cbC=%04x cbR=%016llx",
szError,
ctx->e.va, ctx->e.vaEPROCESS, ctx->e.dwPageKey, ctx->e.iSmkm, ctx->e.vaSmkmStore,
ctx->e.PTE, ctx->e.vaOwnerEPROCESS, ctx->e.dwRegionKey, ctx->pProcess->dwPID, H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaKeyToStoreTree,
ctx->e.vaPageRecord, ctx->e.vaRegion, ctx->e.cbRegionOffset, ctx->e.cbCompressedData, (ctx->e.vaRegion + ctx->e.cbRegionOffset)
);
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Retrieve the index of the 32x32 array in SmGlobals/SMKM_STORE_METADATA which
* points to the SmkmStore. The index is retrieved from the KeyToStoreTree BTree
* pointed by SmGlobals/SMKM_STORE_METADATA.
* -- H
* -- ctx
* -- pwSmkmStoreIndex
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress1_SmkmStoreIndex(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
DWORD v;
if(!MmWin_BTree_Search(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaKeyToStoreTree, ctx->e.dwPageKey, &v, ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#11 BTreeSearch");
}
if(v & 0x01000000) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#12 InvalidValue"); }
ctx->e.iSmkm = 0x3ff & v;
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Retrieve the virtual address to the SmkmStore and the EPROCESS of the process
* by walking the 32x32 array in SmGlobals.
* -- H
* -- ctx
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress2_SmkmStoreMetadata32(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
DWORD va;
_SMKM_STORE_METADATA32 MetaData;
// 1: 1st level fetch virtual address to 2nd level of 32x32 array
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals + (ctx->e.iSmkm >> 5) * sizeof(DWORD), (PBYTE)&va, sizeof(DWORD), ctx->fVmmRead)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#21 Read"); }
if(!VMM_KADDR32_8(va)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#22 NoKADDR"); }
// 2: 2nd fetch values (_SMKM_STORE_METADATA) from 2nd level of 32x32 array. (2nd level pool tag: 'smSa')
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, va + (ctx->e.iSmkm & 0x1f) * sizeof(_SMKM_STORE_METADATA32), (PBYTE)&MetaData, sizeof(_SMKM_STORE_METADATA32), ctx->fVmmRead)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#23 Read"); }
if(MetaData.vaEPROCESS && !VMM_KADDR32_8(MetaData.vaEPROCESS)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#24 NoKADDR"); }
if(!VMM_KADDR32_PAGE(MetaData.vaSmkmStore)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#25 NoKADDR"); }
ctx->e.vaSmkmStore = MetaData.vaSmkmStore;
ctx->e.vaEPROCESS = MetaData.vaEPROCESS;
return TRUE;
}
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress2_SmkmStoreMetadata64(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
QWORD va;
_SMKM_STORE_METADATA64 MetaData;
// 1: 1st level fetch virtual address to 2nd level of 32x32 array
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaSmGlobals + (ctx->e.iSmkm >> 5) * sizeof(QWORD), (PBYTE)&va, sizeof(QWORD), ctx->fVmmRead)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#21 Read"); }
if(!VMM_KADDR64_16(va)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#22 NoKADDR"); }
// 2: 2nd fetch values (_SMKM_STORE_METADATA) from 2nd level of 32x32 array.
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, va + (ctx->e.iSmkm & 0x1f) * sizeof(_SMKM_STORE_METADATA64), (PBYTE)&MetaData, sizeof(_SMKM_STORE_METADATA64), ctx->fVmmRead)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#23 Read"); }
if(MetaData.vaEPROCESS && !VMM_KADDR64_16(MetaData.vaEPROCESS)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#24 NoKADDR"); }
if(!VMM_KADDR64_PAGE(MetaData.vaSmkmStore)) { return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#25 NoKADDR"); }
ctx->e.vaSmkmStore = MetaData.vaSmkmStore;
ctx->e.vaEPROCESS = MetaData.vaEPROCESS;
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Retrieve the SmkmStore and the PageRecord.
* -- H
* -- ctx
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress3_SmkmStoreAndPageRecord32(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
DWORD vaPageRecordArray;
DWORD i, dwEncodedMetadata, iChunkPtr = 0, iChunkArray, dwPoolHdr = 0;
P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA32 pc;
PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET po = &H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.O;
// 1: Load SmkmStore
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, ctx->e.vaSmkmStore, ctx->e.pbSmkm, sizeof(ctx->e.pbSmkm), ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#31 ReadSmkmStore");
}
// 2: Validate
if(!VMM_KADDR32_8(*(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree))) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#32 PagesTreePtrNoKADDR");
}
if(COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_XPRESS != *(PWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#33 InvalidCompressionAlgorithm");
}
// 3: Get region key
if(!MmWin_BTree_Search(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree), ctx->e.dwPageKey, &ctx->e.dwRegionKey, ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#34 RegionKeyBTreeSearch");
}
// 4: Get page record and calculate:
// - chunk "encoded metadata"
// - index into chunk metadata array (= highest non-zero bit position of encoded_metadata)
// - index into chunk array (pointed to by chunk metadata array)
pc = (P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA32)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.ChunkMetaData);
dwEncodedMetadata = ctx->e.dwRegionKey >> (pc->dwBitValue & 0xff);
for(i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
if(!(dwEncodedMetadata >> i)) { break; }
iChunkPtr = i;
}
iChunkArray = (1 << iChunkPtr) ^ dwEncodedMetadata;
// 5: Validate and fetch page record address
if(iChunkArray > 0x400) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#35 ChunkArrayTooLarge");
}
if(!VMM_KADDR32_8(pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr])) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#36 ChunkPtrNoKADDR");
}
if(pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] & 0xfff) {
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] - 4, (PBYTE)&dwPoolHdr, 4, ctx->fVmmRead) || (dwPoolHdr != 'ABms')) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#37 ChunkBadPoolHdr");
}
}
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] + 0x0cULL * iChunkArray, (PBYTE)&vaPageRecordArray, sizeof(DWORD), ctx->fVmmRead) || !VMM_KADDR32_PAGE(vaPageRecordArray)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#38 PageRecordArray");
}
ctx->e.vaPageRecord = (DWORD)((QWORD)vaPageRecordArray + pc->dwChunkPageHeaderSize + ((QWORD)pc->dwPageRecordSize * (ctx->e.dwRegionKey & pc->dwPageRecordsPerChunkMask)));
// 6: Get owner EPROCESS
ctx->e.vaOwnerEPROCESS = *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess);
if(ctx->e.vaOwnerEPROCESS != H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaEPROCESS) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#39 OwnerEPROCESS");
}
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Retrieve the SmkmStore and the PageRecord.
* -- H
* -- ctx
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress3_SmkmStoreAndPageRecord64(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
QWORD vaPageRecordArray;
DWORD i, dwEncodedMetadata, iChunkPtr = 0, iChunkArray, dwPoolHdr = 0;
P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA64 pc;
PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET po = &H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.O;
// 1: Load SmkmStore
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, ctx->e.vaSmkmStore, ctx->e.pbSmkm, sizeof(ctx->e.pbSmkm), ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#31 ReadSmkmStore");
}
// 2: Validate
if(!VMM_KADDR64_16(*(PQWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree))) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#32 PagesTreePtrNoKADDR");
}
if(COMPRESS_ALGORITHM_XPRESS != *(PWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.CompressionAlgorithm)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#33 InvalidCompressionAlgorithm");
}
// 3: Get region key
if(!MmWin_BTree_Search(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, *(PQWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.PagesTree), ctx->e.dwPageKey, &ctx->e.dwRegionKey, ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#34 RegionKeyBTreeSearch");
}
// 4: Get page record and calculate:
// - chunk "encoded metadata"
// - index into chunk metadata array (= highest non-zero bit position of encoded_metadata)
// - index into chunk array (pointed to by chunk metadata array)
pc = (P_SMHP_CHUNK_METADATA64)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.ChunkMetaData);
dwEncodedMetadata = ctx->e.dwRegionKey >> (pc->dwBitValue & 0xff);
for(i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
if(!(dwEncodedMetadata >> i)) { break; }
iChunkPtr = i;
}
iChunkArray = (1 << iChunkPtr) ^ dwEncodedMetadata;
// 5: Validate and fetch page record address
if(iChunkArray > 0x400) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#35 ChunkArrayTooLarge");
}
if(!VMM_KADDR64_16(pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr])) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#36 ChunkPtrNoKADDR");
}
if(pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] & 0xfff) {
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] - 12, (PBYTE)&dwPoolHdr, 4, ctx->fVmmRead) || (dwPoolHdr != 'ABms')) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#37 ChunkBadPoolHdr");
}
}
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, pc->avaChunkPtr[iChunkPtr] + 0x10ULL * iChunkArray, (PBYTE)&vaPageRecordArray, sizeof(QWORD), ctx->fVmmRead) || !VMM_KADDR64_PAGE(vaPageRecordArray)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#38 PageRecordArray");
}
ctx->e.vaPageRecord = (QWORD)(vaPageRecordArray + pc->dwChunkPageHeaderSize + ((QWORD)pc->dwPageRecordSize * (ctx->e.dwRegionKey & pc->dwPageRecordsPerChunkMask)));
// 6: Get owner EPROCESS
ctx->e.vaOwnerEPROCESS = *(PQWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.OwnerProcess);
if(ctx->e.vaOwnerEPROCESS != H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.vaEPROCESS) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#39 OwnerEPROCESS");
}
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Retrieve the region address / data containing the compressed process.
* -- ctx
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress4_CompressedRegionData(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx)
{
QWORD vaRegionPtr = 0;
DWORD dwRegionIndexMask, dwRegionIndex;
_ST_PAGE_RECORD PageRecord;
PMMWIN_MEMCOMPRESS_OFFSET po = &H->vmm.pMmContext->MemCompress.O;
// 1: Read page record
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, ctx->e.vaPageRecord, (PBYTE)&PageRecord, sizeof(PageRecord), ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#41 ReadPageRecord");
}
if(PageRecord.Key == 0xffffffff) {
// TODO: implement support
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#42 UnsupportedPageRecord");
}
ctx->e.cbCompressedData = (PageRecord.CompressedSize == 0x1000) ? 0x1000 : PageRecord.CompressedSize & 0xfff;
if(H->vmm.f32) {
// 2: Get pointer to region (32-bit)
dwRegionIndexMask = *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.RegionIndexMask) & 0xff;
dwRegionIndex = PageRecord.Key >> dwRegionIndexMask;
vaRegionPtr = *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray) + dwRegionIndex * sizeof(DWORD);
// 3: Get region and offset (32-bit)
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, vaRegionPtr, (PBYTE)&ctx->e.vaRegion, sizeof(DWORD), ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#43 ReadRegionVA");
}
if(!ctx->e.vaRegion || (ctx->e.vaRegion & 0x8000ffff)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#44 InvalidRegionVA");
}
} else {
// 2: Get pointer to region (64-bit)
dwRegionIndexMask = *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.RegionIndexMask) & 0xff;
dwRegionIndex = PageRecord.Key >> dwRegionIndexMask;
vaRegionPtr = *(PQWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.CompressedRegionPtrArray) + dwRegionIndex * sizeof(QWORD);
// 3: Get region and offset (64-bit)
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pSystemProcess, vaRegionPtr, (PBYTE)&ctx->e.vaRegion, sizeof(QWORD), ctx->fVmmRead)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#45 ReadRegionVA");
}
if(!ctx->e.vaRegion || (ctx->e.vaRegion & 0xffff80000000ffff)) {
return MmWin_MemCompress_LogError(H, ctx, "#46 InvalidRegionVA");
}
}
ctx->e.cbRegionOffset = (PageRecord.Key & *(PDWORD)(ctx->e.pbSmkm + po->SMKM_STORE.RegionSizeMask)) << 4;
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Decompress a compressed page
* -- ctx
* -- pbDecompressedPage
* -- return
*/
_Success_(return)
BOOL MmWin_MemCompress5_DecompressPage(_In_ VMM_HANDLE H, _In_ PMMWINX64_COMPRESS_CONTEXT ctx, _Out_writes_(4096) PBYTE pbDecompressedPage)
{
DWORD cbDecompressed = 0;
NTSTATUS nt = VMM_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
// 1: Read compressed data
if(!VmmRead2(H, ctx->pProcessMemCompress, ctx->e.vaRegion + ctx->e.cbRegionOffset, ctx->e.pbCompressedData, ctx->e.cbCompressedData, ctx->fVmmRead)) {