The PoC described below is 100% harmless and you can easily run it on your computer. No harm by eicar test file, no harm by exe you compile on your own from 3-lines-long source code.

It looks like realtime scanning by Windows Defender depends on the executable file name. YES, only the name, and nothing else.
Here you can prove it:

1. Copy the provided getfile.cs file to your machine.
2. Compile it with C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /out:getfile.exe getfile.cs
3. Try to run the resulting .exe and observe that eicar.com test file is downloaded and then immediately detected and quarantined.
4. Compile the same source providing different output file name: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /out:msiexec.exe getfile.cs
5. Launch msiexec.exe you have just created and observe eicar.com staying undetected.

If you need more info about eicar.com - see the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research webpage: https://www.eicar.org/?page_id=3950

I have played on Windows ver. 10.0.18362.476 / Defender ver. 4.18.1910.4 / Definitions ver. 1.305.2045.0. Thanks @Phenomytian for reminding me about adding this info.