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MIDI Compendium

This section tries to give a overview of available MIDI command types.

Not every command listed here is implemented, please check the section “Implemented Midi Commands” above for a updated list.

An overview of Midi command types

Command	Meaning	# parameters	param 1	param 2	comments
0x80	Note-off	2	note	velocity
0x90	Note-on	2	note	velocity
0xA0	Aftertouch	2	note	touch
0xB0	Continous Controller	2	controller #	controller value	see table of CC IDs below
0xC0	Patch Change	1	instrument #
0xD0	Channel Pressure	1	pressure
0xE0	Pitch Bend	2	lsb (7bits)	msb (7bits)
0xF0	(non-musical commands)				see section “System Commands” below

MIDI Information Sources

The internet is full with information on Midi.

If you have no idea what Midi is try this link: Introduction to Computer Music: Volume One ; Chapter 3: Midi

More links:

• List of Continous Controller IDs
• MIDI Glossary

Continous Controller (CC) IDs

See your synths manual for specific implementation details. CC IDs which are marked as “switch” are best mapped to buttons.

If you feel overwhelmed by the options try CC 0x01 first. Most synths will respond to this. Here an example, how you could do it:

;; Map axis 1 to CC 0x01 (Modulation) on channel 1
((a 1) ((0xB0 0x00) 0x01))

Currently not all mappings are usefull, due to the fact that commands can only take one parameter.

e.g.:

• Mapping 0x00 to an axis would make it hard to select a bank
• Mapping 0x00 to an button would always select bank 0x7F
• so mapping 0x00 would make no sense in the current implementation .. sorry

ID	comment	switch	“Channel Mode”
0x00	Bank Select
0x01	Modulation
0x02	Breath Controller
-
0x04	Foot Controller
0x05	Portamento Time
0x06	Data Entry MSB (controls values for [N]RPN parameters)
0x07	Volume (Channel)
0x08	Balance (0x00 = hard left, 0x40 = center, 0x7F = hard right)
-
0x0A	Pan (0x00 = hard left, 0x40 = center, 0x7F = hard right)
0x0B	Expression
0x0C	Effect Controller 1
0x0D	Effect Controller 2
-
0x10 - 0x13	General Purpose
-
0x20 - 0x3F	Controller 0 - 31 LSB (fine tune CC 0x00 - 0x1F)
0x40	Damper/Sustain Pedal (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x41	Portamento (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x42	Sostenuto (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x43	Soft Pedal (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x44	Legato Foot Switch (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x45	Hold 2
0x46	Sound Controller 1 (default = variation)
0x47	Sound Controller 2 (default = VCF resonance)
0x48	Sound Controller 3 (default = VCA release time)
0x49	Sound Controller 4 (default = attack
0x4A	Sound Controller 5 (default = VCF cutoff)
0x4B - 0x4F	Sound Controller 6 - 10 generic
0x50 - 0x53	Generic Switch (0x00 - 0x3F: OFF; 0x40 - 0x7F: ON)	*
0x54	Portamento amount
-
0x5B - 0x5F	Effect Depth 1 - 5
0x60	Increment Data (for [N]RPN messages)
0x61	Decrement Data (for [N]RPN messages
0x62	Selects LSB NPRN parameter (0x06, 0x26, 0x60, 0x61)
0x63	Selects MSB NPRN parameter (0x06, 0x26, 0x60, 0x61)
0x64	Selects LSB PRN parameter (0x06, 0x26, 0x60, 0x61)
0x65	Selects MSB PRN parameter (0x06, 0x26, 0x60, 0x61)
-
0x78	Mutes all sounding notes (ignore sustain / release)		*
0x79	Resets all controllers to default		*
0x7A	Local On/Off	*	*
0x7B	Mutes all sounding notes (respects sustain / release)		*
0x7C	Omni Mode OFF		*
0x7D	Omni Mode On		*
0x7E	Mono Mode		*
0x7F	Poly Mode		*

Undefined MIDI CCs:

These CC IDs are not defined, but may be used by your synth. See your manual as always.

0x03; 0x09; 0x0E; 0x0F; 0x14 - 0x1F; 0x55 - 0x5C; 0x66 - 0x77;

System Commands

System Common Commands

Currently there are no plans to support System Common Commands (not including 0xF7 aka EOX aka End of system exclusive message).

System Realtime Commands (NOT YET SUPPORTED)

CMD	Description	gona implement?
0xF8	Timing Clock	nope
0xFA	Start (from beginning of song)	yup
0xFB	Continue (from current position)	yup
0xFC	Stop	yup
0xFE	Active Sensing	nope
0xFF	Systen Reset (back to state after power on)	yup

configuration example:

System reset on button 1 ((b 1) ((0xFF)))

SysEx Commands

Structure of System Exclusive Commands on byte level.

Please consult your synths manual for more information.

General Format:

0	1	2 …n -1	n
0xF0	ID	data (0x00 - 0x7F)	0xF7

MIDI Universal System Exclusive Messages

Format: 0xF0 0x7E <Device-ID> <Sub-ID#1> [<Sub-ID#2> [<parameters>]] 0xF7

Midi Real-Time Universal System Exclusive Messages [ Midi Machine Control (MMC)]

Format: 0xF0 0x7F <Device-ID> <Sub-ID#1> [<Sub-ID#2> [<parameters>]] 0xF7

Example:

0xF0 0x7F 0x7F 0x06 0x02 0xF7 send play to all devices

token	comment
Device-ID	MMC device’s ID# (0x00 - 0x7F ; 0x7F = all devices)
Sub-ID#1	Commandgroup
Sub-ID#2	exact Command
parameters	parameters for exact command

Sub-ID#1	comment	MMC related
0x01	Long Form MTC
0x02	Midi Show Control
0x03	Notation Informataion
0x04	Device Control
0x05	Real Time MTC Cueing
0x06	MIDI Machine Control Command	*
0x07	Midi Machine Control Response	*
0x08	Single Note Retune

Sub-ID#1	Sub-ID#2	comment	parameters
0x06	0x01	Stop
	0x02	Play
	0x03	Deferred Play (play after no longer busy)
	0x04	Fast Forward
	0x05	Rewind
	0x06	Record Strobe (AKA Punch In)
	0x07	Record Exit (AKA Punch Out)
	0x08	Record Pause
	0x0A	Eject (disengage media container from MMC device)
	0x0B	Chase
	0x0D	MMC Reset (to default/startup state)
	0x40	Write (AKA Record ready, AKA Arm Tracks)	<length1> 0x4F <length2> <track-bitmap-type>
	0x44	GoTo (AKA Locate)	<length>=0x06 01 <hours> <minutes> <seconds> <frames> <subframes>
	0x47	Shuttle	<length>=0x03 <sh> <sm> <sl> (MIDI Standard Speed codes)
0x07	0xXX	response state	values detailing response state

Roland:

0	1	2	3	4	5 …7	8 … n -2	n -1	n
0xF0	manufacture id	device id	model id	0x12 (send) / 0x11 (receive)	start addr	data (send) / size (receive)	checksum	0xF7

Calculating Roland checksum:

ck_sum = 0
for byte in sysex:
    ck_sum += byte
    ck_sum = ck_sum % 128
ck_sum = 128 - ck_sum