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NRTI_mutations.txt
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NRTI_mutations.txt
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E40F NRTI E40F is a non-polymorphic accessory mutation selected by AZT and d4T. It usually occurs in combination with M41L, L210W and T215Y. In this context it is associated with reduced susceptibility to each of the NRTIs.
M41I Other M41I is usually an artifact resulting from APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation.
M41L NRTI M41L is a TAM that usually occurs with T215Y. In combinaton, M41L plus T215Y confer intermediate / high-level resistance to AZT and d4T and contribute to reduced ddI, ABC and TDF susceptibility.
E44A NRTI E44D is a relatively non-polymorphic accessory mutation and E44A is a nonpolymorphic accessory mutation. Each usually occurs with multiple TAMs.
E44D NRTI E44D is a relatively non-polymorphic accessory mutation and E44A is a nonpolymorphic accessory mutation. Each usually occurs with multiple TAMs.
A62V NRTI A62V is an accessory mutation that often occurs in combination with the multi-NRTI resistance mutations K65R or Q151M. A62V is widespread in subtype A viruses in former Soviet Union countries but A62 is otherwise non-polymorphic.
K65E NRTI K65R causes intermediate/high-level resistance to TDF, ddI, ABC and d4T and low/intermediate resistance to 3TC and FTC. K65R increases susceptibility to AZT. K65E is an extremely rare NRTI-selected mutation with markedly reduced replication fitness.
K65N NRTI K65R causes intermediate/high-level resistance to TDF, ddI, ABC and d4T and low/intermediate resistance to 3TC and FTC. K65R increases susceptibility to AZT. K65N is a rare mutation with similar but less pronounced effects on NRTI susceptibility than K65R.
K65R NRTI K65R causes intermediate/high-level resistance to TDF, ddI, ABC and d4T and low/intermediate resistance to 3TC and FTC. K65R increases susceptibility to AZT.
D67Deletion NRTI Amino acid deletions between codons 67 and 70 are rare and usually occur in combination with multiple TAMs, K65R, or the Q151M mutation complex. Deletions at position 67 are more often associated with multiple TAMs. Deletions at positions 69 and 70 are more often associated with K65R or the Q151M mutation complex.
D67G NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF. D67G/E/S/T/H are non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that also generally occur in viruses with multiple TAMs.
D67E NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF. D67G/E/S/T/H are non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that also generally occur in viruses with multiple TAMs.
D67S NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF. D67G/E/S/T/H are non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that also generally occur in viruses with multiple TAMs.
D67T NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF. D67G/E/S/T/H are non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that also generally occur in viruses with multiple TAMs.
D67H NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF. D67G/E/S/T/H are non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that also generally occur in viruses with multiple TAMs.
D67N NRTI D67N is a non-polymorphic TAM associated with low-level resistance to AZT and d4T. When present with other TAMs, it contributes reduced susceptibility to ABC, ddI, and TDF.
S68Deletion NRTI Amino acid deletions between codons 67 and 70 are rare and usually occur in combination with multiple TAMs, K65R, or the Q151M mutation complex. Deletions at position 67 are more often associated with multiple TAMs. Deletions at positions 69 and 70 are more often associated with K65R or the Q151M mutation complex. Deletions at codon 68 are extremely rare and less well characterized.
T69D NRTI T69D is a non-polymorphic mutation that reduces susceptibility to ddI and possibly d4T.
T69Deletion NRTI Amino acid deletions between codons 67 and 70 are rare and usually occur in combination with multiple TAMs, K65R, or the Q151M mutation complex. Deletions at position 67 are more often associated with multiple TAMs. Deletions at positions 69 and 70 are more often associated with K65R or the Q151M mutation complex.
T69G NRTI T69G is a rare non-polymorphic mutation that usually occurs in viruses with a deletion at codon 67 and multiple other NRTI-resistance mutations.
T69Insertion NRTI Amino acid insertions between codons 67 and 70 are by convention assigned to codon 69. Together with TAMs, they are associated with high-level resistance to AZT, d4T, ddI, ABC and TDF and intermediate to 3TC and FTC.
T69N Other T69N is a relatively non-polymorphic mutation weakly selected in patients receiving NRTIs. In combination with TAMs, it may contribute to reduced susceptibility to ddI, d4T, and AZT.
T69S Other T69S/A/I/E are relatively polymorphic mutations weakly selected in patients receiving NRTIs. Their effects on NRTI susceptibility have not been well studied.
T69A Other T69S/A/I/E are relatively polymorphic mutations weakly selected in patients receiving NRTIs. Their effects on NRTI susceptibility have not been well studied.
T69I Other T69S/A/I/E are relatively polymorphic mutations weakly selected in patients receiving NRTIs. Their effects on NRTI susceptibility have not been well studied.
T69E Other T69S/A/I/E are relatively polymorphic mutations weakly selected in patients receiving NRTIs. Their effects on NRTI susceptibility have not been well studied.
K70Deletion NRTI Amino acid deletions between codons 67 and 70 are rare and usually occur in combination with multiple TAMs, K65R, or the Q151M mutation complex. Deletions at position 67 are more often associated with multiple TAMs. Deletions at positions 69 and 70 are more often associated with K65R or the Q151M mutation complex.
K70E NRTI K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT.
K70G NRTI K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT.
K70Q NRTI K70R causes intermediate resistance to AZT and possibly low-level resistance to d4T and TDF. K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT. K70Q/N/S/T are rare non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that appear to have resistance profiles similar to K70E/G.
K70N NRTI K70R causes intermediate resistance to AZT and possibly low-level resistance to d4T and TDF. K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT. K70Q/N/S/T are rare non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that appear to have resistance profiles similar to K70E/G.
K70S NRTI K70R causes intermediate resistance to AZT and possibly low-level resistance to d4T and TDF. K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT. K70Q/N/S/T are rare non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that appear to have resistance profiles similar to K70E/G.
K70T NRTI K70R causes intermediate resistance to AZT and possibly low-level resistance to d4T and TDF. K70E/G cause low-level resistance to TDF, ABC, DDI and possibly 3TC and FTC. K70E increases susceptibility to AZT. K70Q/N/S/T are rare non-polymorphic NRTI-selected mutations that appear to have resistance profiles similar to K70E/G.
K70R NRTI K70R causes intermediate resistance to AZT and possibly low-level resistance to d4T and TDF.
L74V NRTI L74V/I cause high-level resistance to ddI and intermediate resistance to ABC.
L74I NRTI L74V/I cause high-level resistance to ddI and intermediate resistance to ABC.
V75I NRTI V75I is a relatively non-polymorphic accessory mutation that often occurs in combination with the multi-NRTI resistance mutation Q151M. When V75I occurs alone its clinical significance is uncertain.
V75M NRTI V75M causes intermediate d4T resistance, low-level ddI resistance, and potentially low-level AZT resistance.
V75S NRTI V75S/A are non-polymorphic mutations that appear to reduce susceptibility to d4T and ddI.
V75A NRTI V75S/A are non-polymorphic mutations that appear to reduce susceptibility to d4T and ddI.
V75T NRTI V75T causes high-level d4T resistance and intermediate ddI resistance.
F77L NRTI F77L usually occurs in combination with the multi-NRTI resistance mutation Q151M. When it occurs alone, its clinical significance is uncertain.
Y115F NRTI Y115F causes intermediate resistance to ABC and low-level resistance to TDF.
F116Y NRTI F116Y usually occurs in combination with the multi-NRTI resistance mutation Q151M.
V118I Other V118I is a polymorphic accessory NRTI-resistance mutation that often occurs in combination with multiple TAMs.
Q151L NRTI Q151M causes intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT, ddI, d4T and ABC and low-level resistance to TDF, 3TC and FTC. In combination with accessory mutations at positions 62, 75, 77, and 116, Q151M confers high-level resistance to AZT, ddI, d4T and ABC and intermediate resistance to TDF, 3TC and FTC. Q151L is an extremely rare transitional mutation that may precede the emergence of the Q151M.
Q151M NRTI Q151M causes intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT, ddI, d4T and ABC and low-level resistance to TDF, 3TC and FTC. In combination with accessory mutations at positions 62, 75, 77, and 116, Q151M confers high-level resistance to AZT, ddI, d4T and ABC and intermediate resistance to TDF, 3TC and FTC.
M184V NRTI M184V/I cause high-level in vitro resistance to 3TC and FTC and low-level resistance to ddI and ABC. However, M184V/I are not contraindications to continued treatment with 3TC or FTC because they increase susceptibility to AZT, TDF and d4T and are associated with clinically significant reductions in HIV-1 replication.
M184I NRTI M184V/I cause high-level in vitro resistance to 3TC and FTC and low-level resistance to ddI and ABC. However, M184V/I are not contraindications to continued treatment with 3TC or FTC because they increase susceptibility to AZT, TDF and d4T and are associated with clinically significant reductions in HIV-1 replication.
L210W NRTI L210W is TAM which usually occurs in combination with M41L and T215Y. The combination of M41, L210W and T215Y causes high-level resistance to AZT and d4T and intermediate to high-level resistance to ddI, ABC and TDF.
T215F NRTI T215F is a TAM which causes intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF.
T215S NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215C NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215D NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215E NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215I NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215V NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215A NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215L NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215N NRTI T215Y/F cause intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF. T215S/C/D/E/I/V/N/A/L do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but arise from viruses that once contained T215Y/F. The presence of one of these revertant mutations may suggest that the patient may have once had a majority virus population with T215Y/F.
T215Y NRTI T215Y is a TAM which causes intermediate/high-level resistance to AZT and d4T, low-level resistance to ddI, and potentially low-level resistance to ABC and TDF.
K219N NRTI K219N/R are accessory TAMS that usually occur in combination with multiple other TAMs.
K219R NRTI K219N/R are accessory TAMS that usually occur in combination with multiple other TAMs.
K219Q NRTI K219Q/E are accessory TAMS associated with reduced susceptibility to AZT and possibly d4T.
K219E NRTI K219Q/E are accessory TAMS associated with reduced susceptibility to AZT and possibly d4T.
K219W NRTI K219W is an uncommon NRTI-selected mutation.