foreman.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# vim: set fileencoding=utf-8 :
#
# Copyright (C) 2016 Guido Günther <agx@sigxcpu.org>,
#                    Daniel Lobato Garcia <dlobatog@redhat.com>
#
# This script is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Ansible is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with it.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# This is somewhat based on cobbler inventory

# Stdlib imports
# __future__ imports must occur at the beginning of file
from __future__ import print_function
try:
    # Python 2 version
    import ConfigParser
except ImportError:
    # Python 3 version
    import configparser as ConfigParser
import json
import argparse
import copy
import os
import re
import sys
from time import time
from collections import defaultdict
from distutils.version import LooseVersion, StrictVersion

# 3rd party imports
import requests
if LooseVersion(requests.__version__) < LooseVersion('1.1.0'):
    print('This script requires python-requests 1.1 as a minimum version')
    sys.exit(1)

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth


def json_format_dict(data, pretty=False):
    """Converts a dict to a JSON object and dumps it as a formatted string"""

    if pretty:
        return json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=2)
    else:
        return json.dumps(data)


class ForemanInventory(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.inventory = defaultdict(list)  # A list of groups and the hosts in that group
        self.cache = dict()   # Details about hosts in the inventory
        self.params = dict()  # Params of each host
        self.facts = dict()   # Facts of each host
        self.hostgroups = dict()  # host groups
        self.hostcollections = dict()  # host collections
        self.session = None   # Requests session
        self.config_paths = [
            "/etc/ansible/foreman.ini",
            os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + '/foreman.ini',
        ]
        env_value = os.environ.get('FOREMAN_INI_PATH')
        if env_value is not None:
            self.config_paths.append(os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(env_value)))

    def read_settings(self):
        """Reads the settings from the foreman.ini file"""

        config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
        config.read(self.config_paths)

        # Foreman API related
        try:
            self.foreman_url = config.get('foreman', 'url')
            self.foreman_user = config.get('foreman', 'user')
            self.foreman_pw = config.get('foreman', 'password')
            self.foreman_ssl_verify = config.getboolean('foreman', 'ssl_verify')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError) as e:
            print("Error parsing configuration: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
            return False

        # Ansible related
        try:
            group_patterns = config.get('ansible', 'group_patterns')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            group_patterns = "[]"

        self.group_patterns = json.loads(group_patterns)

        try:
            self.group_prefix = config.get('ansible', 'group_prefix')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.group_prefix = "foreman_"

        try:
            self.want_facts = config.getboolean('ansible', 'want_facts')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.want_facts = True

        try:
            self.want_hostcollections = config.getboolean('ansible', 'want_hostcollections')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.want_hostcollections = False

        # Do we want parameters to be interpreted if possible as JSON? (no by default)
        try:
            self.rich_params = config.getboolean('ansible', 'rich_params')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.rich_params = False

        try:
            self.host_filters = config.get('foreman', 'host_filters')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.host_filters = None

        # Cache related
        try:
            cache_path = os.path.expanduser(config.get('cache', 'path'))
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            cache_path = '.'
        (script, ext) = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))
        self.cache_path_cache = cache_path + "/%s.cache" % script
        self.cache_path_inventory = cache_path + "/%s.index" % script
        self.cache_path_params = cache_path + "/%s.params" % script
        self.cache_path_facts = cache_path + "/%s.facts" % script
        self.cache_path_hostcollections = cache_path + "/%s.hostcollections" % script
        try:
            self.cache_max_age = config.getint('cache', 'max_age')
        except (ConfigParser.NoOptionError, ConfigParser.NoSectionError):
            self.cache_max_age = 60

        return True

    def parse_cli_args(self):
        """Command line argument processing"""

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Produce an Ansible Inventory file based on foreman')
        parser.add_argument('--list', action='store_true', default=True, help='List instances (default: True)')
        parser.add_argument('--host', action='store', help='Get all the variables about a specific instance')
        parser.add_argument('--refresh-cache', action='store_true', default=False,
                            help='Force refresh of cache by making API requests to foreman (default: False - use cache files)')
        self.args = parser.parse_args()

    def _get_session(self):
        if not self.session:
            self.session = requests.session()
            self.session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self.foreman_user, self.foreman_pw)
            self.session.verify = self.foreman_ssl_verify
        return self.session

    def _get_json(self, url, ignore_errors=None, params=None):
        if params is None:
            params = {}
        params['per_page'] = 250

        page = 1
        results = []
        s = self._get_session()
        while True:
            params['page'] = page
            ret = s.get(url, params=params)
            if ignore_errors and ret.status_code in ignore_errors:
                break
            ret.raise_for_status()
            json = ret.json()
            # /hosts/:id has not results key
            if 'results' not in json:
                return json
            # Facts are returned as dict in results not list
            if isinstance(json['results'], dict):
                return json['results']
            # List of all hosts is returned paginaged
            results = results + json['results']
            if len(results) >= json['subtotal']:
                break
            page += 1
            if len(json['results']) == 0:
                print("Did not make any progress during loop. "
                      "expected %d got %d" % (json['total'], len(results)),
                      file=sys.stderr)
                break
        return results

    def _get_hosts(self):
        url = "%s/api/v2/hosts" % self.foreman_url

        params = {}
        if self.host_filters:
            params['search'] = self.host_filters

        return self._get_json(url, params=params)

    def _get_host_data_by_id(self, hid):
        url = "%s/api/v2/hosts/%s" % (self.foreman_url, hid)
        return self._get_json(url)

    def _get_facts_by_id(self, hid):
        url = "%s/api/v2/hosts/%s/facts" % (self.foreman_url, hid)
        return self._get_json(url)

    def _resolve_params(self, host_params):
        """Convert host params to dict"""
        params = {}

        for param in host_params:
            name = param['name']
            if self.rich_params:
                try:
                    params[name] = json.loads(param['value'])
                except ValueError:
                    params[name] = param['value']
            else:
                params[name] = param['value']

        return params

    def _get_facts_by_id(self, hid):
        url = "%s/api/v2/hosts/%s/facts" % (self.foreman_url, hid)
        return self._get_json(url)

    def _get_facts(self, host):
        """Fetch all host facts of the host"""
        if not self.want_facts:
            return {}

        ret = self._get_facts_by_id(host['id'])
        if len(ret.values()) == 0:
            facts = {}
        elif len(ret.values()) == 1:
            facts = list(ret.values())[0]
        else:
            raise ValueError("More than one set of facts returned for '%s'" % host)
        return facts

    def write_to_cache(self, data, filename):
        """Write data in JSON format to a file"""
        json_data = json_format_dict(data, True)
        cache = open(filename, 'w')
        cache.write(json_data)
        cache.close()

    def _write_cache(self):
        self.write_to_cache(self.cache, self.cache_path_cache)
        self.write_to_cache(self.inventory, self.cache_path_inventory)
        self.write_to_cache(self.params, self.cache_path_params)
        self.write_to_cache(self.facts, self.cache_path_facts)
        self.write_to_cache(self.hostcollections, self.cache_path_hostcollections)

    def to_safe(self, word):
        '''Converts 'bad' characters in a string to underscores
        so they can be used as Ansible groups

        >>> ForemanInventory.to_safe("foo-bar baz")
        'foo_barbaz'
        '''
        regex = "[^A-Za-z0-9\_]"
        return re.sub(regex, "_", word.replace(" ", ""))

    def update_cache(self):
        """Make calls to foreman and save the output in a cache"""

        self.groups = dict()
        self.hosts = dict()

        for host in self._get_hosts():
            dns_name = host['name']

            host_data = self._get_host_data_by_id(host['id'])
            host_params = host_data.get('all_parameters', {})

            # Create ansible groups for hostgroup
            group = 'hostgroup'
            val = host.get('%s_title' % group) or host.get('%s_name' % group)
            if val:
                safe_key = self.to_safe('%s%s_%s' % (self.group_prefix, group, val.lower()))
                self.inventory[safe_key].append(dns_name)

            # Create ansible groups for environment, location and organization
            for group in ['environment', 'location', 'organization']:
                val = host.get('%s_name' % group)
                if val:
                    safe_key = self.to_safe('%s%s_%s' % (self.group_prefix, group, val.lower()))
                    self.inventory[safe_key].append(dns_name)

            for group in ['lifecycle_environment', 'content_view']:
                val = host.get('content_facet_attributes', {}).get('%s_name' % group)
                if val:
                    safe_key = self.to_safe('%s%s_%s' % (self.group_prefix, group, val.lower()))
                    self.inventory[safe_key].append(dns_name)

            params = self._resolve_params(host_params)

            # Ansible groups by parameters in host groups and Foreman host
            # attributes.
            groupby = dict()
            for k, v in params.items():
                groupby[k] = self.to_safe(str(v))

            # The name of the ansible groups is given by group_patterns:
            for pattern in self.group_patterns:
                try:
                    key = pattern.format(**groupby)
                    self.inventory[key].append(dns_name)
                except KeyError:
                    pass  # Host not part of this group

            if self.want_hostcollections:
                hostcollections = host_data.get('host_collections')

                if hostcollections:
                    # Create Ansible groups for host collections
                    for hostcollection in hostcollections:
                        safe_key = self.to_safe('%shostcollection_%s' % (self.group_prefix, hostcollection['name'].lower()))
                        self.inventory[safe_key].append(dns_name)

                self.hostcollections[dns_name] = hostcollections

            self.cache[dns_name] = host
            self.params[dns_name] = params
            self.facts[dns_name] = self._get_facts(host)
            self.inventory['all'].append(dns_name)
        self._write_cache()

    def is_cache_valid(self):
        """Determines if the cache is still valid"""
        if os.path.isfile(self.cache_path_cache):
            mod_time = os.path.getmtime(self.cache_path_cache)
            current_time = time()
            if (mod_time + self.cache_max_age) > current_time:
                if (os.path.isfile(self.cache_path_inventory) and
                    os.path.isfile(self.cache_path_params) and
                        os.path.isfile(self.cache_path_facts)):
                    return True
        return False

    def load_inventory_from_cache(self):
        """Read the index from the cache file sets self.index"""

        with open(self.cache_path_inventory, 'r') as fp:
            self.inventory = json.load(fp)

    def load_params_from_cache(self):
        """Read the index from the cache file sets self.index"""

        with open(self.cache_path_params, 'r') as fp:
            self.params = json.load(fp)

    def load_facts_from_cache(self):
        """Read the index from the cache file sets self.facts"""

        if not self.want_facts:
            return
        with open(self.cache_path_facts, 'r') as fp:
            self.facts = json.load(fp)

    def load_hostcollections_from_cache(self):
        """Read the index from the cache file sets self.hostcollections"""

        if not self.want_hostcollections:
            return
        with open(self.cache_path_hostcollections, 'r') as fp:
            self.hostcollections = json.load(fp)

    def load_cache_from_cache(self):
        """Read the cache from the cache file sets self.cache"""

        with open(self.cache_path_cache, 'r') as fp:
            self.cache = json.load(fp)

    def get_inventory(self):
        if self.args.refresh_cache or not self.is_cache_valid():
            self.update_cache()
        else:
            self.load_inventory_from_cache()
            self.load_params_from_cache()
            self.load_facts_from_cache()
            self.load_hostcollections_from_cache()
            self.load_cache_from_cache()

    def get_host_info(self):
        """Get variables about a specific host"""

        if not self.cache or len(self.cache) == 0:
            # Need to load index from cache
            self.load_cache_from_cache()

        if self.args.host not in self.cache:
            # try updating the cache
            self.update_cache()

            if self.args.host not in self.cache:
                # host might not exist anymore
                return json_format_dict({}, True)

        return json_format_dict(self.cache[self.args.host], True)

    def _print_data(self):
        data_to_print = ""
        if self.args.host:
            data_to_print += self.get_host_info()
        else:
            self.inventory['_meta'] = {'hostvars': {}}
            for hostname in self.cache:
                self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][hostname] = {
                    'foreman': self.cache[hostname],
                    'foreman_params': self.params[hostname],
                }
                if self.want_facts:
                    self.inventory['_meta']['hostvars'][hostname]['foreman_facts'] = self.facts[hostname]

            data_to_print += json_format_dict(self.inventory, True)

        print(data_to_print)

    def run(self):
        # Read settings and parse CLI arguments
        if not self.read_settings():
            return False
        self.parse_cli_args()
        self.get_inventory()
        self._print_data()
        return True

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(not ForemanInventory().run())