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JLPT N4 Japanese Grammar

Verb Conjugations

  1. て-form (te-form): Used for connecting verbs, making requests, and forming continuous tenses.

    • Example: 食べて (tabete) - eat (and), please eat.
    • Example: 読んで (yonde) - read (and), please read.

  2. た-form (ta-form): Past tense form of verbs.

    • Example: 食べた (tabeta) - ate.
    • Example: 読んだ (yonda) - read (past).

  3. ない-form (nai-form): Negative form of verbs.

    • Example: 食べない (tabenai) - do not eat.
    • Example: 読まない (yomanai) - do not read.

  4. Potential form: Indicates the ability to do something.

    • Example: 食べられる (taberareru) - can eat.
    • Example: 読める (yomeru) - can read.

Particles

  1. から (kara): Indicates the starting point in time or space, or the reason.

    • Example: ここから始めます。 (Koko kara hajimemasu.) - Start from here.
    • Example: 雨だから行きません。 (Ame dakara ikimasen.) - I won't go because it's raining.

  2. まで (made): Indicates the ending point in time or space.

    • Example: 学校まで歩きます。 (Gakkou made arukimasu.) - Walk to school.

  3. ので (node): Indicates reason or cause, similar to から.

    • Example: 雨なので行きません。 (Ame nanode ikimasen.) - I won't go because it's raining.

  4. ながら (nagara): Indicates simultaneous actions.

    • Example: 音楽を聞きながら勉強します。 (Ongaku o kiki nagara benkyou shimasu.) - Study while listening to music.

Adjectives

  1. い-adjectives in て-form: Used to connect adjectives.

    • Example: 高くて (takakute) - high and...
    • Example: 安くて (yasukute) - cheap and...

  2. な-adjectives in て-form: Used to connect adjectives.

    • Example: きれいで (kirei de) - beautiful and...
    • Example: 静かで (shizuka de) - quiet and...

Expressions

  1. ～たい (tai): Indicates desire to do something.

    • Example: 食べたい (tabetai) - want to eat.
    • Example: 行きたい (ikitai) - want to go.

  2. ～たがる (tagaru): Indicates someone else's desire.

    • Example: 彼は食べたがっている。 (Kare wa tabetagatte iru.) - He wants to eat.

  3. ～かもしれない (kamoshirenai): Indicates possibility or uncertainty.

    • Example: 雨が降るかもしれない。 (Ame ga furu kamoshirenai.) - It might rain.

  4. ～でしょう (deshou): Indicates probability or conjecture.

    • Example: 明日は晴れるでしょう。 (Ashita wa hareru deshou.) - It will probably be sunny tomorrow.

Conditional Forms

  1. ～たら (tara): Indicates conditional "if/when."

    • Example: 雨が降ったら行きません。 (Ame ga futtara ikimasen.) - If it rains, I won't go.

  2. ～ば (ba): Another form of conditional "if."

    • Example: 安ければ買います。 (Yasukereba kaimasu.) - If it's cheap, I'll buy it.

Giving and Receiving

  1. あげる (ageru): To give (to others).

    • Example: 友達にプレゼントをあげます。 (Tomodachi ni purezento o agemasu.) - Give a present to a friend.

  2. くれる (kureru): To give (to the speaker or in-group).

    • Example: 友達がプレゼントをくれました。 (Tomodachi ga purezento o kuremashita.) - A friend gave me a present.

  3. もらう (morau): To receive.

    • Example: 友達からプレゼントをもらいました。 (Tomodachi kara purezento o moraimashita.) - Received a present from a friend.

Comparisons

  1. より (yori): Used for comparisons.

    • Example: 犬は猫より大きいです。 (Inu wa neko yori ookii desu.) - Dogs are bigger than cats.

  2. ほど (hodo): Used to indicate the extent or degree.

    • Example: 猫は犬ほど大きくないです。 (Neko wa inu hodo ookikunai desu.) - Cats are not as big as dogs.

Time Expressions

  1. ～間 (aida): Indicates duration of time.

    • Example: 夏休みの間 (natsu yasumi no aida) - During summer vacation.

  2. ～前に (mae ni): Indicates "before."

    • Example: 食事の前に手を洗います。 (Shokuji no mae ni te o araimasu.) - Wash hands before eating.

  3. ～後で (ato de): Indicates "after."

    • Example: 食事の後で散歩します。 (Shokuji no ato de sanpo shimasu.) - Take a walk after eating.

These are some of the key grammar points you need to know for the JLPT N4 level. Mastering these will help you build on your basic Japanese knowledge and prepare you for more advanced studies.