.. index::
   single: Controller; Upload; File

How to Upload Files

Note

Instead of handling file uploading yourself, you may consider using the VichUploaderBundle community bundle. This bundle provides all the common operations (such as file renaming, saving and deleting) and it's tightly integrated with Doctrine ORM, MongoDB ODM, PHPCR ODM and Propel.

Imagine that you have a Product entity in your application and you want to add a PDF brochure for each product. To do so, add a new property called brochure in the Product entity:

// src/AppBundle/Entity/Product.php
namespace AppBundle\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;

class Product
{
    // ...

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string")
     *
     * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Please, upload the product brochure as a PDF file.")
     * @Assert\File(mimeTypes={ "application/pdf" })
     */
    private $brochure;

    public function getBrochure()
    {
        return $this->brochure;
    }

    public function setBrochure($brochure)
    {
        $this->brochure = $brochure;

        return $this;
    }
}

Note that the type of the brochure column is string instead of binary or blob because it just stores the PDF file name instead of the file contents.

Then, add a new brochure field to the form that manages the Product entity:

// src/AppBundle/Form/ProductType.php
namespace AppBundle\Form;

use AppBundle\Entity\Product;
use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\FileType;

class ProductType extends AbstractType
{
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)
    {
        $builder
            // ...
            ->add('brochure', FileType::class, array('label' => 'Brochure (PDF file)'))
            // ...
        ;
    }

    public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults(array(
            'data_class' => Product::class,
        ));
    }
}

Now, update the template that renders the form to display the new brochure field (the exact template code to add depends on the method used by your application to :doc:`customize form rendering </form/form_customization>`):

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: html+twig

        {# app/Resources/views/product/new.html.twig #}
        <h1>Adding a new product</h1>

        {{ form_start(form) }}
            {# ... #}

            {{ form_row(form.brochure) }}
        {{ form_end(form) }}

    .. code-block:: html+php

        <!-- app/Resources/views/product/new.html.twig -->
        <h1>Adding a new product</h1>

        <?php echo $view['form']->start($form) ?>
            <?php echo $view['form']->row($form['brochure']) ?>
        <?php echo $view['form']->end($form) ?>

Finally, you need to update the code of the controller that handles the form:

// src/AppBundle/Controller/ProductController.php
namespace AppBundle\ProductController;

use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use AppBundle\Entity\Product;
use AppBundle\Form\ProductType;

class ProductController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @Route("/product/new", name="app_product_new")
     */
    public function newAction(Request $request)
    {
        $product = new Product();
        $form = $this->createForm(ProductType::class, $product);
        $form->handleRequest($request);

        if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
            // $file stores the uploaded PDF file
            /** @var Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile $file */
            $file = $product->getBrochure();

            // Generate a unique name for the file before saving it
            $fileName = md5(uniqid()).'.'.$file->guessExtension();

            // Move the file to the directory where brochures are stored
            $file->move(
                $this->getParameter('brochures_directory'),
                $fileName
            );

            // Update the 'brochure' property to store the PDF file name
            // instead of its contents
            $product->setBrochure($fileName);

            // ... persist the $product variable or any other work

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('app_product_list'));
        }

        return $this->render('product/new.html.twig', array(
            'form' => $form->createView(),
        ));
    }
}

Now, create the brochures_directory parameter that was used in the controller to specify the directory in which the brochures should be stored:

# app/config/config.yml

# ...
parameters:
    brochures_directory: '%kernel.project_dir%/web/uploads/brochures'

There are some important things to consider in the code of the above controller:

When the form is uploaded, the brochure property contains the whole PDF file contents. Since this property stores just the file name, you must set its new value before persisting the changes of the entity;
In Symfony applications, uploaded files are objects of the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\UploadedFile` class. This class provides methods for the most common operations when dealing with uploaded files;
A well-known security best practice is to never trust the input provided by users. This also applies to the files uploaded by your visitors. The UploadedFile class provides methods to get the original file extension (:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\UploadedFile::getExtension`), the original file size (:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\UploadedFile::getClientSize`) and the original file name (:method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\UploadedFile::getClientOriginalName`). However, they are considered not safe because a malicious user could tamper that information. That's why it's always better to generate a unique name and use the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\UploadedFile::guessExtension` method to let Symfony guess the right extension according to the file MIME type;

You can use the following code to link to the PDF brochure of a product:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: html+twig

        <a href="{{ asset('uploads/brochures/' ~ product.brochure) }}">View brochure (PDF)</a>

    .. code-block:: html+php

        <a href="<?php echo $view['assets']->getUrl('uploads/brochures/'.$product->getBrochure()) ?>">
            View brochure (PDF)
        </a>

Tip

When creating a form to edit an already persisted item, the file form type still expects a :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\File` instance. As the persisted entity now contains only the relative file path, you first have to concatenate the configured upload path with the stored filename and create a new File class:

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File;
// ...

$product->setBrochure(
    new File($this->getParameter('brochures_directory').'/'.$product->getBrochure())
);

Creating an Uploader Service

To avoid logic in controllers, making them big, you can extract the upload logic to a separate service:

// src/AppBundle/Service/FileUploader.php
namespace AppBundle\Service;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;

class FileUploader
{
    private $targetDir;

    public function __construct($targetDir)
    {
        $this->targetDir = $targetDir;
    }

    public function upload(UploadedFile $file)
    {
        $fileName = md5(uniqid()).'.'.$file->guessExtension();

        $file->move($this->targetDir, $fileName);

        return $fileName;
    }

    public function getTargetDir()
    {
        return $this->targetDir;
    }
}

Then, define a service for this class:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # app/config/services.yml
        services:
            # ...

            AppBundle\Service\FileUploader:
                arguments:
                    $targetDir: '%brochures_directory%'

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- app/config/services.xml -->
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
                http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">
            <!-- ... -->

            <service id="AppBundle\FileUploader">
                <argument>%brochures_directory%</argument>
            </service>
        </container>

    .. code-block:: php

        // app/config/services.php
        use AppBundle\Service\FileUploader;

        $container->autowire(FileUploader::class)
            ->setArgument('$targetDir', '%brochures_directory%');

Now you're ready to use this service in the controller:

// src/AppBundle/Controller/ProductController.php
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use AppBundle\Service\FileUploader;

// ...
public function newAction(Request $request, FileUploader $fileUploader)
{
    // ...

    if ($form->isSubmitted() && $form->isValid()) {
        $file = $product->getBrochure();
        $fileName = $fileUploader->upload($file);

        $product->setBrochure($fileName);

        // ...
    }

    // ...
}

Using a Doctrine Listener

If you are using Doctrine to store the Product entity, you can create a :doc:`Doctrine listener </doctrine/event_listeners_subscribers>` to automatically upload the file when persisting the entity:

// src/AppBundle/EventListener/BrochureUploadListener.php
namespace AppBundle\EventListener;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;
use Doctrine\ORM\Event\LifecycleEventArgs;
use Doctrine\ORM\Event\PreUpdateEventArgs;
use AppBundle\Entity\Product;
use AppBundle\Service\FileUploader;

class BrochureUploadListener
{
    private $uploader;

    public function __construct(FileUploader $uploader)
    {
        $this->uploader = $uploader;
    }

    public function prePersist(LifecycleEventArgs $args)
    {
        $entity = $args->getEntity();

        $this->uploadFile($entity);
    }

    public function preUpdate(PreUpdateEventArgs $args)
    {
        $entity = $args->getEntity();

        $this->uploadFile($entity);
    }

    private function uploadFile($entity)
    {
        // upload only works for Product entities
        if (!$entity instanceof Product) {
            return;
        }

        $file = $entity->getBrochure();

        // only upload new files
        if (!$file instanceof UploadedFile) {
            return;
        }

        $fileName = $this->uploader->upload($file);
        $entity->setBrochure($fileName);
    }
}

Now, register this class as a Doctrine listener:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # app/config/services.yml
        services:
            _defaults:
                # ... be sure autowiring is enabled
                autowire: true
            # ...

            AppBundle\EventListener\BrochureUploadListener:
                tags:
                    - { name: doctrine.event_listener, event: prePersist }
                    - { name: doctrine.event_listener, event: preUpdate }

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- app/config/config.xml -->
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
                http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

            <!-- ... be sure autowiring is enabled -->
            <defaults autowire="true" ... />
            <!-- ... -->

            <service id="AppBundle\EventListener\BrochureUploaderListener">
                <argument type="service" id="app.brochure_uploader"/>

                <tag name="doctrine.event_listener" event="prePersist"/>
                <tag name="doctrine.event_listener" event="preUpdate"/>
            </service>
        </container>

    .. code-block:: php

        // app/config/services.php
        use AppBundle\EventListener\BrochureUploaderListener;

        $container->autowire(BrochureUploaderListener::class)
            ->addTag('doctrine.event_listener', array(
                'event' => 'prePersist',
            ))
            ->addTag('doctrine.event_listener', array(
                'event' => 'preUpdate',
            ))
        ;

This listener is now automatically executed when persisting a new Product entity. This way, you can remove everything related to uploading from the controller.

Tip

This listener can also create the File instance based on the path when fetching entities from the database:

// ...
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File;

// ...
class BrochureUploadListener
{
    // ...

    public function postLoad(LifecycleEventArgs $args)
    {
        $entity = $args->getEntity();

        if (!$entity instanceof Product) {
            return;
        }

        if ($fileName = $entity->getBrochure()) {
            $entity->setBrochure(new File($this->uploader->getTargetDir().'/'.$fileName));
        }
    }
}

After adding these lines, configure the listener to also listen for the postLoad event.

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