MSME-Python&R.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"hello\"\n",
      "[1] 6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"hello\")\n",
    "a <- 6\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ctrl + alt + r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a <- 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "10 -> b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "10"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "10"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "10"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 10"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c<-15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c.5 <- -15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "-15"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "-15"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "-15"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] -15"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ERROR",
     "evalue": "Error in parse(text = x, srcfile = src): <text>:1:3: unexpected symbol\n1: 2.d\n      ^\n",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "Error in parse(text = x, srcfile = src): <text>:1:3: unexpected symbol\n1: 2.d\n      ^\nTraceback:\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2.d <- 2\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i <- 5\n",
    "f <- 3.14\n",
    "s <- \"apple\"\n",
    "b <- TRUE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 5"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "3.14"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "3.14"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "3.14"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 3.14"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"numeric\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'logical'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'logical'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'logical'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"logical\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"apple\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning message in print.default(\"The name of the fruit is \", s):\n",
      "“NAs introduced by coercion”"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "ERROR",
     "evalue": "Error in print.default(\"The name of the fruit is \", s): invalid 'digits' argument\n",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "Error in print.default(\"The name of the fruit is \", s): invalid 'digits' argument\nTraceback:\n",
      "1. print(\"The name of the fruit is \", s)",
      "2. print.default(\"The name of the fruit is \", s)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"The name of the fruit is \",s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"The name of the fruit is  apple\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(paste(\"The name of the fruit is \",s))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The name of the fruit is  apple"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cat(\"The name of the fruit is \",s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i.char <- as.character(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 5"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "5"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 5"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "as.numeric(i.char) #converting character to integer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning message in eval(expr, envir, enclos):\n",
      "“NAs introduced by coercion”"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n <- 5\n",
    "n <- as.character(n)\n",
    "ans <- as.numeric(paste(n,n,n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Warning message in eval(expr, envir, enclos):\n",
      "“NAs introduced by coercion”"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "&lt;NA&gt;"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "<NA>"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "&lt;NA&gt;"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] NA"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "as.numeric(paste(n,n,n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "555"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "555"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "555"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 555"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "as.integer(paste0(n,n,n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l <- 1:10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>'A'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'B'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'C'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'D'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'E'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'F'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'G'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'H'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'I'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'J'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 'A'\n",
       "\\item 'B'\n",
       "\\item 'C'\n",
       "\\item 'D'\n",
       "\\item 'E'\n",
       "\\item 'F'\n",
       "\\item 'G'\n",
       "\\item 'H'\n",
       "\\item 'I'\n",
       "\\item 'J'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 'A'\n",
       "2. 'B'\n",
       "3. 'C'\n",
       "4. 'D'\n",
       "5. 'E'\n",
       "6. 'F'\n",
       "7. 'G'\n",
       "8. 'H'\n",
       "9. 'I'\n",
       "10. 'J'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       " [1] \"A\" \"B\" \"C\" \"D\" \"E\" \"F\" \"G\" \"H\" \"I\" \"J\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "LETTERS[1:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>'a'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'b'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'c'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'d'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'e'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'f'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'g'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'h'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'i'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'j'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 'a'\n",
       "\\item 'b'\n",
       "\\item 'c'\n",
       "\\item 'd'\n",
       "\\item 'e'\n",
       "\\item 'f'\n",
       "\\item 'g'\n",
       "\\item 'h'\n",
       "\\item 'i'\n",
       "\\item 'j'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 'a'\n",
       "2. 'b'\n",
       "3. 'c'\n",
       "4. 'd'\n",
       "5. 'e'\n",
       "6. 'f'\n",
       "7. 'g'\n",
       "8. 'h'\n",
       "9. 'i'\n",
       "10. 'j'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       " [1] \"a\" \"b\" \"c\" \"d\" \"e\" \"f\" \"g\" \"h\" \"i\" \"j\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "letters[1:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>'a'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'b'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'c'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'d'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'e'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'f'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'g'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'h'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'i'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'j'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 'a'\n",
       "\\item 'b'\n",
       "\\item 'c'\n",
       "\\item 'd'\n",
       "\\item 'e'\n",
       "\\item 'f'\n",
       "\\item 'g'\n",
       "\\item 'h'\n",
       "\\item 'i'\n",
       "\\item 'j'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 'a'\n",
       "2. 'b'\n",
       "3. 'c'\n",
       "4. 'd'\n",
       "5. 'e'\n",
       "6. 'f'\n",
       "7. 'g'\n",
       "8. 'h'\n",
       "9. 'i'\n",
       "10. 'j'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       " [1] \"a\" \"b\" \"c\" \"d\" \"e\" \"f\" \"g\" \"h\" \"i\" \"j\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "letters[1:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#arithmetic\n",
    "+ - * %% /\n",
    "\n",
    "#conditional\n",
    "> < >= <= == !=\n",
    "\n",
    "#logical\n",
    "\n",
    "&& || !"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the numerical value6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the numerical value :\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] 6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'numeric'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"numeric\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the numerical value :6\n",
      "[1] \"Even\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the numerical value :\"))\n",
    "if (num %% 2 == 0) {\n",
    "    print(\"Even\")\n",
    "} else {\n",
    "    print(\"Odd\")\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the numerical value :10\n",
      "[1] \"Even\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the numerical value :\"))\n",
    "if (num %% 4 == 0) {\n",
    "    print(\"Divisible by 4 and also even\")\n",
    "} else if (num %% 2 == 0){\n",
    "    print(\"Even\")\n",
    "} else {\n",
    "    print(\"Odd\")\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rock beats scissor\n",
    "scissor beats paper\n",
    "paper beats rock"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter your choice :paper\n",
      "Enter Comp's choice :rock\n",
      "Your choice is  paper and computer choice is  rock[1] \"user won the game\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "user <- readline(prompt = \"Enter your choice :\")\n",
    "comp <- readline(prompt = \"Enter Comp's choice :\")\n",
    "\n",
    "if (user==\"quit\"||user==\"q\"){\n",
    "     print (\"Good Bye....\")\n",
    "}\n",
    "cat(\"Your choice is \",user,\"and computer choice is \",comp)\n",
    "if (user==comp){ \n",
    "    print(\"Game is tie\")\n",
    "} else if (user==\"rock\") {\n",
    "      if (comp==\"scissor\") {\n",
    "          print (\"user won the game\")\n",
    "       } else {\n",
    "          print (\"Computer won the game\")\n",
    "       }\n",
    "} else if (user==\"scissor\") {\n",
    "       if (comp==\"paper\") {\n",
    "          print (\"user won the game\")\n",
    "       } else {\n",
    "          print (\"computer won the game\")\n",
    "       }\n",
    "} else if (user==\"paper\") {\n",
    "        if (comp==\"rock\") {\n",
    "          print (\"user won the game\")\n",
    "        } else {\n",
    "          print (\"computer won the game\")\n",
    "        }\n",
    "} else {\n",
    "        print (\"Have a nice day....!!!\")\n",
    "}\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "repeat\n",
    "while\n",
    "for\n",
    "function\n",
    "dataframe\n",
    "list\n",
    "switch"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l <- list(\"paper\",\"rock\",\"scissor\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"yes\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if (\"rock\" %in% c(\"paper\",\"rock\",\"scissor\")) {\n",
    "    print(\"yes\")\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Rock\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c <- readline()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"Rock\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"user won the game\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if (user %in% c(\"rock\",\"paper\",\"scissor\")){\n",
    "    if ((user == \"rock\" && comp == \"scissor\")||(user == \"scissor\" && comp == \"paper\")||(user == \"paper\" && comp == \"rock\")){\n",
    "        print(\"user won the game\")\n",
    "    } else {\n",
    "        print(\"Comp wont the game\")\n",
    "    }\n",
    "} else {\n",
    "    print(\"Invalid input\")\n",
    "}\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 117,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"hello\"\n",
      "[1] \"hello\"\n",
      "[1] \"hello\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cnt <- 1\n",
    "repeat{\n",
    "    print(\"hello\")\n",
    "    cnt <- cnt + 1\n",
    "    if (cnt > 3){\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"hello\"\n",
      "[1] \"hello\"\n",
      "[1] \"hello\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cnt <- 0\n",
    "while (cnt < 3){\n",
    "    print(\"hello\")\n",
    "    cnt <- cnt + 1\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter your choice :rock\n",
      "Enter Comp's choice :paper\n",
      "Enter your choice :quit\n",
      "Enter Comp's choice :rock\n",
      "Comp wont the gameInvalid inputGoodbye"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "repeat{\n",
    "    \n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 150,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter your choice :paper\n",
      "Your choice is  paper and computer choice is  scissor \n",
      "Comp won the game \n",
      "Enter your choice :nslkdnfl\n",
      "Your choice is  nslkdnfl and computer choice is  rock \n",
      "Invalid input. Please enter the correct option \n",
      "Enter your choice :q\n",
      "Your choice is  q and computer choice is  scissor \n",
      "Goodbye \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "opt = \"yes\"\n",
    "choice <- c(\"rock\",\"paper\",\"scissor\")\n",
    "while (opt==\"yes\"){\n",
    "    user <- readline(prompt = \"Enter your choice :\")\n",
    "    comp <- sample(choice,1)\n",
    "    cat(\"Your choice is \",user,\"and computer choice is \",comp,'\\n')\n",
    "    if ((user == \"quit\")||(user == \"q\")){\n",
    "        cat(\"Goodbye\",\"\\n\")\n",
    "        flush.console()\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    }else if (user %in% choice){\n",
    "        if ((user == \"rock\" && comp == \"scissor\")||(user == \"scissor\" && comp == \"paper\")||(user == \"paper\" && comp == \"rock\")){\n",
    "            cat(\"user won the game\",'\\n')\n",
    "            flush.console()\n",
    "        } else {\n",
    "            cat(\"Comp won the game\",'\\n')\n",
    "            flush.console()\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    } else {\n",
    "        cat(\"Invalid input. Please enter the correct option\",'\\n')\n",
    "        flush.console()\n",
    "        next\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 144,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'paper'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'paper'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'paper'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"paper\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample(choice,1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 145,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>9</li>\n",
       "\t<li>3</li>\n",
       "\t<li>4</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 9\n",
       "\\item 3\n",
       "\\item 4\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 9\n",
       "2. 3\n",
       "3. 4\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 9 3 4"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample(1:10,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l <- list(2,1,3,'apple',\"ball\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>2</li>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>3</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'apple'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'ball'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 2\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 3\n",
       "\\item 'apple'\n",
       "\\item 'ball'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 2\n",
       "2. 1\n",
       "3. 3\n",
       "4. 'apple'\n",
       "5. 'ball'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 2\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] 3\n",
       "\n",
       "[[4]]\n",
       "[1] \"apple\"\n",
       "\n",
       "[[5]]\n",
       "[1] \"ball\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l <- c(l,\"mango\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "l[4] <- \"papaya\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>2</li>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>3</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'papaya'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'ball'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'mango'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 2\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 3\n",
       "\\item 'papaya'\n",
       "\\item 'ball'\n",
       "\\item 'mango'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 2\n",
       "2. 1\n",
       "3. 3\n",
       "4. 'papaya'\n",
       "5. 'ball'\n",
       "6. 'mango'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 2\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] 3\n",
       "\n",
       "[[4]]\n",
       "[1] \"papaya\"\n",
       "\n",
       "[[5]]\n",
       "[1] \"ball\"\n",
       "\n",
       "[[6]]\n",
       "[1] \"mango\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>3</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'papaya'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 3\n",
       "\\item 'papaya'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 1\n",
       "2. 3\n",
       "3. 'papaya'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 3\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] \"papaya\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[2:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>2</li>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>3</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'ball'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'mango'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 2\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 3\n",
       "\\item 'ball'\n",
       "\\item 'mango'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 2\n",
       "2. 1\n",
       "3. 3\n",
       "4. 'ball'\n",
       "5. 'mango'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 2\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] 3\n",
       "\n",
       "[[4]]\n",
       "[1] \"ball\"\n",
       "\n",
       "[[5]]\n",
       "[1] \"mango\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "l[-4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 \n",
      "1 \n",
      "3 \n",
      "papaya \n",
      "ball \n",
      "mango \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for (i in l){\n",
    "    cat(i,'\\n')\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'%ni%' <- Negate('%in%')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a <- 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol class=list-inline>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is 2 for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is 1 for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is 3 for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is papaya for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is ball for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'The cost is mango for 1.50/kg'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is 2 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is 1 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is 3 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is papaya for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is ball for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\item 'The cost is mango for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate*}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 'The cost is 2 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "2. 'The cost is 1 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "3. 'The cost is 3 for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "4. 'The cost is papaya for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "5. 'The cost is ball for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "6. 'The cost is mango for 1.50/kg'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"The cost is 2 for 1.50/kg\"      \"The cost is 1 for 1.50/kg\"     \n",
       "[3] \"The cost is 3 for 1.50/kg\"      \"The cost is papaya for 1.50/kg\"\n",
       "[5] \"The cost is ball for 1.50/kg\"   \"The cost is mango for 1.50/kg\" "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sprintf(\"The cost is %s for %0.2f/kg\",(l),(1.5),'\\n')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "A <- list(1,1,2,3,4,2,3,5,'apple',\"ball\",\"apple\")\n",
    "B <- list(2,4,6,7,'apple','apple',2,1)\n",
    "C <- list()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 \n",
      "2 \n",
      "4 \n",
      "apple \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for (i in A){\n",
    "    if ((i %in% B) && (i %ni% C)){\n",
    "        cat(i,'\\n')\n",
    "        C <- c(C,i)\n",
    "    } \n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>2</li>\n",
       "\t<li>4</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'apple'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 2\n",
       "\\item 4\n",
       "\\item 'apple'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 1\n",
       "2. 2\n",
       "3. 4\n",
       "4. 'apple'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 2\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] 4\n",
       "\n",
       "[[4]]\n",
       "[1] \"apple\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "C"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for (i in A){\n",
    "    for (j in B){\n",
    "        if (i==j){\n",
    "            \n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for (i in length(A)){\n",
    "    for (j in length(B)){\n",
    "        if (A[i]==B[j]){\n",
    "            print(A[i])\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<ol>\n",
       "\t<li>1</li>\n",
       "\t<li>2</li>\n",
       "\t<li>4</li>\n",
       "\t<li>'apple'</li>\n",
       "</ol>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{enumerate}\n",
       "\\item 1\n",
       "\\item 2\n",
       "\\item 4\n",
       "\\item 'apple'\n",
       "\\end{enumerate}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "1. 1\n",
       "2. 2\n",
       "3. 4\n",
       "4. 'apple'\n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[[1]]\n",
       "[1] 1\n",
       "\n",
       "[[2]]\n",
       "[1] 2\n",
       "\n",
       "[[3]]\n",
       "[1] 4\n",
       "\n",
       "[[4]]\n",
       "[1] \"apple\"\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "intersect(A,B)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'one'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'one'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'one'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"one\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "switch(1,\"one\",\"two\",\"three\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "'blue'"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "'blue'"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "'blue'"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] \"blue\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "switch(\"color\",\"fruit\"=\"mango\",\"color\"=\"blue\",\"veg\"=\"carrot\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x <- \"color\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y <- switch(x,\"fruit\"=\"mango\",\"color\"=add(a,b),\"veg\"=\"carrot\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x <- \"veg\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "12"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "12"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "12"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 12"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "add <- function(){\n",
    "    a <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for a :\"))\n",
    "    b <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for b :\"))\n",
    "    print(a+b)\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the value for a :5\n",
      "Enter the value for b :6\n",
      "[1] 11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "add <- function(a,b){\n",
    "    print(a+b)\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the value for a :6\n",
      "Enter the value for b :1\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "7"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "7"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "7"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 7"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for a :\"))\n",
    "b <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for b :\"))\n",
    "add(a,b)   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "add <- function(a,b){\n",
    "    return (a+b)\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the value for a :6\n",
      "Enter the value for b :6\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for a :\"))\n",
    "b <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the value for b :\"))\n",
    "s <- add(a,b)  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "12"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "12"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "12"
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       "[1] 12"
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   "source": [
    "s"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "circle <- function(){\n",
    "    r <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = \"Enter the radius of the circle\"))\n",
    "    area <- 3.14*r*r\n",
    "    cat(\"The area of the circle is \",area,'\\n')\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Please select circle,rectangle,triangle \n",
      "Enter the object name :rectangle\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "ERROR",
     "evalue": "Error in rectangle(): could not find function \"rectangle\"\n",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "Error in rectangle(): could not find function \"rectangle\"\nTraceback:\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cat(\"Please select circle,rectangle,triangle\",'\\n')\n",
    "x <- readline(prompt = \"Enter the object name :\")\n",
    "switch(x,\"circle\" = circle(),\"rectangle\" = rectangle(),\"triangle\" = triangle())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Installing package into ‘/home/sharma/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4’\n",
      "(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)\n",
      "Warning message:\n",
      "“package ‘ggplot’ is not available (for R version 3.4.4)”"
     ]
    }
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   "source": [
    "install.packages(\"ggplot\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ERROR",
     "evalue": "Error in library(\"ggplot\"): there is no package called ‘ggplot’\n",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "Error in library(\"ggplot\"): there is no package called ‘ggplot’\nTraceback:\n",
      "1. library(\"ggplot\")",
      "2. stop(txt, domain = NA)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "library(\"ggplot\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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