definitions.rst

.. index::
    single: DependencyInjection; Service definitions

How to work with Service Definition Objects

Service definitions are the instructions describing how the container should build a service. They are not the actual services used by your applications. The container will create the actual class instances based on the configuration in the definition.

Normally, you would use YAML, XML or PHP to describe the service definitions. But if you're doing advanced things with the service container, like working with a :doc:`Compiler Pass </service_container/compiler_passes>` or creating a :doc:`Dependency Injection Extension </bundles/extension>`, you may need to work directly with the Definition objects that define how a service will be instantiated.

Getting and Setting Service Definitions

There are some helpful methods for working with the service definitions:

use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Definition;

// finds out if there is an "app.mailer" definition
$container->hasDefinition('app.mailer');
// finds out if there is an "app.mailer" definition or alias
$container->has('app.mailer');

// gets the "app.user_config_manager" definition
$definition = $container->getDefinition('app.user_config_manager');
// gets the definition with the "app.user_config_manager" ID or alias
$definition = $container->findDefinition('app.user_config_manager');

// adds a new "app.number_generator" definition
$definition = new Definition(\AppBundle\NumberGenerator::class);
$container->setDefinition('app.number_generator', $definition);

// shortcut for the previous method
$container->register('app.number_generator', \AppBundle\NumberGenerator::class);

Working with a Definition

Creating a New Definition

In addition to manipulating and retrieving existing definitions, you can also define new service definitions with the :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DependencyInjection\\Definition` class.

Class

The first optional argument of the Definition class is the fully qualified class name of the object returned when the service is fetched from the container:

use AppBundle\Config\UserConfigManager;
use AppBundle\Config\CustomConfigManager;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Definition;

$definition = new Definition(UserConfigManager::class);

// override the class
$definition->setClass(CustomConfigManager::class);

// get the class configured for this definition
$class = $definition->getClass();

Constructor Arguments

The second optional argument of the Definition class is an array with the arguments passed to the constructor of the object returned when the service is fetched from the container:

use AppBundle\Config\DoctrineConfigManager;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Definition;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Reference;

$definition = new Definition(DoctrineConfigManager::class, [
    new Reference('doctrine'), // a reference to another service
    '%app.config_table_name%',  // will be resolved to the value of a container parameter
]);

// gets all arguments configured for this definition
$constructorArguments = $definition->getArguments();

// gets a specific argument
$firstArgument = $definition->getArgument(0);

// adds a new argument
$definition->addArgument($argument);

// replaces argument on a specific index (0 = first argument)
$definition->replaceArgument($index, $argument);

// replace all previously configured arguments with the passed array
$definition->setArguments($arguments);

Caution!

Don't use get() to get a service that you want to inject as constructor argument, the service is not yet available. Instead, use a Reference instance as shown above.

Method Calls

If the service you are working with uses setter injection then you can manipulate any method calls in the definitions as well:

// gets all configured method calls
$methodCalls = $definition->getMethodCalls();

// configures a new method call
$definition->addMethodCall('setLogger', [new Reference('logger')]);

// replaces all previously configured method calls with the passed array
$definition->setMethodCalls($methodCalls);

Tip

There are more examples of specific ways of working with definitions in the PHP code blocks of the Service Container articles such as :doc:`/service_container/factories` and :doc:`/service_container/parent_services`.

Note

The methods here that change service definitions can only be used before the container is compiled. Once the container is compiled you cannot manipulate service definitions further. To learn more about compiling the container, see :doc:`/components/dependency_injection/compilation`.

Requiring Files

There might be use cases when you need to include another file just before the service itself gets loaded. To do so, you can use the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\DependencyInjection\\Definition::setFile` method:

$definition->setFile('/src/path/to/file/foo.php');

Notice that Symfony will internally call the PHP statement require_once, which means that your file will be included only once per request.