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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#maxunpool1d"><span class="hidden-section">MaxUnpool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#maxunpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">MaxUnpool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#maxunpool3d"><span class="hidden-section">MaxUnpool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avgpool1d"><span class="hidden-section">AvgPool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avgpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">AvgPool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avgpool3d"><span class="hidden-section">AvgPool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#fractionalmaxpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">FractionalMaxPool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lppool1d"><span class="hidden-section">LPPool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lppool2d"><span class="hidden-section">LPPool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptivemaxpool1d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveMaxPool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptivemaxpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveMaxPool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptivemaxpool3d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveMaxPool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptiveavgpool1d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveAvgPool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptiveavgpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveAvgPool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptiveavgpool3d"><span class="hidden-section">AdaptiveAvgPool3d</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#padding-layers">Padding layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#reflectionpad1d"><span class="hidden-section">ReflectionPad1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#reflectionpad2d"><span class="hidden-section">ReflectionPad2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#replicationpad1d"><span class="hidden-section">ReplicationPad1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#replicationpad2d"><span class="hidden-section">ReplicationPad2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#replicationpad3d"><span class="hidden-section">ReplicationPad3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#zeropad2d"><span class="hidden-section">ZeroPad2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#constantpad1d"><span class="hidden-section">ConstantPad1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#constantpad2d"><span class="hidden-section">ConstantPad2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#constantpad3d"><span class="hidden-section">ConstantPad3d</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#non-linear-activations-weighted-sum-nonlinearity">Non-linear activations (weighted sum, nonlinearity)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#elu"><span class="hidden-section">ELU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#hardshrink"><span class="hidden-section">Hardshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#hardtanh"><span class="hidden-section">Hardtanh</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#leakyrelu"><span class="hidden-section">LeakyReLU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#logsigmoid"><span class="hidden-section">LogSigmoid</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#prelu"><span class="hidden-section">PReLU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#relu"><span class="hidden-section">ReLU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#relu6"><span class="hidden-section">ReLU6</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#rrelu"><span class="hidden-section">RReLU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#selu"><span class="hidden-section">SELU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#sigmoid"><span class="hidden-section">Sigmoid</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softplus"><span class="hidden-section">Softplus</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softshrink"><span class="hidden-section">Softshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softsign"><span class="hidden-section">Softsign</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#tanh"><span class="hidden-section">Tanh</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#tanhshrink"><span class="hidden-section">Tanhshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#threshold"><span class="hidden-section">Threshold</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#non-linear-activations-other">Non-linear activations (other)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softmin"><span class="hidden-section">Softmin</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softmax"><span class="hidden-section">Softmax</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softmax2d"><span class="hidden-section">Softmax2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#logsoftmax"><span class="hidden-section">LogSoftmax</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#normalization-layers">Normalization layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#batchnorm1d"><span class="hidden-section">BatchNorm1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#batchnorm2d"><span class="hidden-section">BatchNorm2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#batchnorm3d"><span class="hidden-section">BatchNorm3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#instancenorm1d"><span class="hidden-section">InstanceNorm1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#instancenorm2d"><span class="hidden-section">InstanceNorm2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#instancenorm3d"><span class="hidden-section">InstanceNorm3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#layernorm"><span class="hidden-section">LayerNorm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#localresponsenorm"><span class="hidden-section">LocalResponseNorm</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#recurrent-layers">Recurrent layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#rnn"><span class="hidden-section">RNN</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lstm"><span class="hidden-section">LSTM</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#gru"><span class="hidden-section">GRU</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#rnncell"><span class="hidden-section">RNNCell</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lstmcell"><span class="hidden-section">LSTMCell</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#grucell"><span class="hidden-section">GRUCell</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#linear-layers">Linear layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#linear"><span class="hidden-section">Linear</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#bilinear"><span class="hidden-section">Bilinear</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dropout-layers">Dropout layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dropout"><span class="hidden-section">Dropout</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dropout2d"><span class="hidden-section">Dropout2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dropout3d"><span class="hidden-section">Dropout3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#alphadropout"><span class="hidden-section">AlphaDropout</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#sparse-layers">Sparse layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#embedding"><span class="hidden-section">Embedding</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#embeddingbag"><span class="hidden-section">EmbeddingBag</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#distance-functions">Distance functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#cosinesimilarity"><span class="hidden-section">CosineSimilarity</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pairwisedistance"><span class="hidden-section">PairwiseDistance</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#loss-functions">Loss functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#l1loss"><span class="hidden-section">L1Loss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#mseloss"><span class="hidden-section">MSELoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#crossentropyloss"><span class="hidden-section">CrossEntropyLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#nllloss"><span class="hidden-section">NLLLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#poissonnllloss"><span class="hidden-section">PoissonNLLLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#kldivloss"><span class="hidden-section">KLDivLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#bceloss"><span class="hidden-section">BCELoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#bcewithlogitsloss"><span class="hidden-section">BCEWithLogitsLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#marginrankingloss"><span class="hidden-section">MarginRankingLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#hingeembeddingloss"><span class="hidden-section">HingeEmbeddingLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#multilabelmarginloss"><span class="hidden-section">MultiLabelMarginLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#smoothl1loss"><span class="hidden-section">SmoothL1Loss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#softmarginloss"><span class="hidden-section">SoftMarginLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#multilabelsoftmarginloss"><span class="hidden-section">MultiLabelSoftMarginLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#cosineembeddingloss"><span class="hidden-section">CosineEmbeddingLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#multimarginloss"><span class="hidden-section">MultiMarginLoss</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#tripletmarginloss"><span class="hidden-section">TripletMarginLoss</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#vision-layers">Vision layers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pixelshuffle"><span class="hidden-section">PixelShuffle</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#upsample"><span class="hidden-section">Upsample</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#upsamplingnearest2d"><span class="hidden-section">UpsamplingNearest2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#upsamplingbilinear2d"><span class="hidden-section">UpsamplingBilinear2d</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dataparallel-layers-multi-gpu-distributed">DataParallel layers (multi-GPU, distributed)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#dataparallel"><span class="hidden-section">DataParallel</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#distributeddataparallel"><span class="hidden-section">DistributedDataParallel</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#utilities">Utilities</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#clip-grad-norm"><span class="hidden-section">clip_grad_norm_</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#clip-grad-value"><span class="hidden-section">clip_grad_value_</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#weight-norm"><span class="hidden-section">weight_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#remove-weight-norm"><span class="hidden-section">remove_weight_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#packedsequence"><span class="hidden-section">PackedSequence</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pack-padded-sequence"><span class="hidden-section">pack_padded_sequence</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pad-packed-sequence"><span class="hidden-section">pad_packed_sequence</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pad-sequence"><span class="hidden-section">pad_sequence</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pack-sequence"><span class="hidden-section">pack_sequence</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#torch-nn-functional">torch.nn.functional</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#convolution-functions">Convolution functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id20"><span class="hidden-section">conv1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id21"><span class="hidden-section">conv2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id22"><span class="hidden-section">conv3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#conv-transpose1d"><span class="hidden-section">conv_transpose1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#conv-transpose2d"><span class="hidden-section">conv_transpose2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#conv-transpose3d"><span class="hidden-section">conv_transpose3d</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#pooling-functions">Pooling functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avg-pool1d"><span class="hidden-section">avg_pool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avg-pool2d"><span class="hidden-section">avg_pool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#avg-pool3d"><span class="hidden-section">avg_pool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-pool1d"><span class="hidden-section">max_pool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-pool2d"><span class="hidden-section">max_pool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-pool3d"><span class="hidden-section">max_pool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-unpool1d"><span class="hidden-section">max_unpool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-unpool2d"><span class="hidden-section">max_unpool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#max-unpool3d"><span class="hidden-section">max_unpool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lp-pool1d"><span class="hidden-section">lp_pool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#lp-pool2d"><span class="hidden-section">lp_pool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-max-pool1d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_max_pool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-max-pool2d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_max_pool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-max-pool3d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_max_pool3d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-avg-pool1d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_avg_pool1d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-avg-pool2d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_avg_pool2d</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#adaptive-avg-pool3d"><span class="hidden-section">adaptive_avg_pool3d</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#non-linear-activation-functions">Non-linear activation functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id23"><span class="hidden-section">threshold</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id24"><span class="hidden-section">relu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id25"><span class="hidden-section">hardtanh</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id26"><span class="hidden-section">relu6</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id27"><span class="hidden-section">elu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id28"><span class="hidden-section">selu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#leaky-relu"><span class="hidden-section">leaky_relu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id29"><span class="hidden-section">prelu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id30"><span class="hidden-section">rrelu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#glu"><span class="hidden-section">glu</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id31"><span class="hidden-section">logsigmoid</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id32"><span class="hidden-section">hardshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id33"><span class="hidden-section">tanhshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id34"><span class="hidden-section">softsign</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id35"><span class="hidden-section">softplus</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id36"><span class="hidden-section">softmin</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id37"><span class="hidden-section">softmax</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id38"><span class="hidden-section">softshrink</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#log-softmax"><span class="hidden-section">log_softmax</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id39"><span class="hidden-section">tanh</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id40"><span class="hidden-section">sigmoid</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#normalization-functions">Normalization functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#batch-norm"><span class="hidden-section">batch_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#instance-norm"><span class="hidden-section">instance_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#layer-norm"><span class="hidden-section">layer_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#local-response-norm"><span class="hidden-section">local_response_norm</span></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#normalize"><span class="hidden-section">normalize</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#linear-functions">Linear functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#id41"><span class="hidden-section">linear</span></a></li>
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<li>Serialization semantics</li>
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<div class="section" id="serialization-semantics">
<h1>Serialization semantics<a class="headerlink" href="#serialization-semantics" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="best-practices">
<h2>Best practices<a class="headerlink" href="#best-practices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="recommended-approach-for-saving-a-model">
<span id="recommend-saving-models"></span><h3>Recommended approach for saving a model<a class="headerlink" href="#recommended-approach-for-saving-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are two main approaches for serializing and restoring a model.</p>
<p>The first (recommended) saves and loads only the model parameters:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">the_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">state_dict</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">PATH</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then later:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">the_model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TheModelClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">the_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_state_dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The second saves and loads the entire model:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">the_model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">PATH</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then later:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">the_model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PATH</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>However in this case, the serialized data is bound to the specific classes
and the exact directory structure used, so it can break in various ways when
used in other projects, or after some serious refactors.</p>
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